• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.39-52
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• 2010

Interests in creating three-dimensionally designed fabric materials are growing rapidly in the sectors of the fashionable textiles with the creativity, new functions, and aesthetics. A number of finishing methods have been developed and proposed to add or create new functions and designs for silk fabrics. Due to the strong hydrogen bonds between the molecules of silk fibroins, the thermal treatment methods used in thermoplastic fiber processing, which can easily deform the synthetic filament fabrics to endow three-dimensional appearance to the fabrics, are not applicable to the silk fabric treatment. In order to modify the fine structure of silk fiber, neutral salt solution treatment methods have been suggested. In this study, the effect of the calcium nitrate solution on the physical and mechanical properties of silk fabrics was investigated by using the KES(Kawabata Evaluation System) equipment. Based on these findings, relationships between parameters, for example, the thickness and the compressional energy, the thickness and the compressional linearity, and the air permeability and the pore area statistical analysis were investigated. The relationships between the process parameters such as treatment temperature/time and the resulting fabric property parameters were also analyzed by using several SAS procedures.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2004

Neuti-dduk is a steamed rice cake made of nonglutious rice How, with Neuti leaves powder, sugar, and water. The objective of study was designed to seek the best recipe to make Neuti-dduk The procedure was as follows Neuti-dduk containing different ratios of the above mentioned ingredients, such as Neuti leaves powder (4, 8, and 12g), sugar and water. The most desirable recipe was determined after sensory examinations and mechanical tests to measure the texture, moisture content and colorimeter. The results of the sensory evaluation showed the Neuti-dduk containing 8g Neuti leaves powder, 20g sugar 20 and 45$m\ell$ water had the highest scores in overall acceptability, color and flavor preference. In the textural analysis the hardness, adhesiveness and cohesiveness of the Neuti-dduk decreased on the addition of increasing amounts of Neuti leaves powder. The moisture content of Neuti-dduk with 4g Neuti leaves powder was higher than that with 12g. The L- and a-values of Neuti-dduk were increased by decreasing the amount of Neuti leaves powder. The overall quality of the sensory examination of Neuti-dduk in relation to the amount of Neuti leaves powder had positive correlation with the moistness, but negative correlations with the L-value andmoisture content. (Eds note: would these 2 highlighted features not be related; if so, why does one have a positive and the other a negative correlation\ulcorner) From the results of these tests, the most desirable recipe for the Neuti-dduk was 8g of Neuti leaves powder, 20g of sugar, 45$m\ell$ of water and2g of salt, for every 200g of rice powder. The moisture content of this recipe was 42.18％.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diversity of food intake among Korean college students of a nutrition education course through the internet. Subjects were 796 nation-wide college students (male 278, female 518). A dietary survey collected from 3 day-recalls were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program. Diet variety was assessed by DDS (dietary diversity score), MBS (meal balance score), and DVS (dietary variety score). The foods consumed in largest amounts were rice (54.42 g), citrus fruit (36.41 g) and milk (30.91 g). The foods consumed most frequently were rice (65.28%), garlic (63.65%) and salt (63.64%). The average food intake was 1325.3 g (male 1420.6 g, female 1274.1 g), with vegetable and animal food comprising 78.5% and 21.5% of total food intake, respectively. The consumption of the major five food groups comprised DDS, and 66.0% (male 56.1%, female 71.3%) of subjects had a DDS of 5 and 27.4% (male 33.5%, female 24.1%) of subjects had a DDS of 4..Groups most frequently missed were dairy products (56.5%) and fruits (41.6%). The average of MBS were 10.88 (11.61 in Seoul, 11.03 in Kyungsang, 10.88 in Chungcheong, 10.85 in Incheon, 10.57 in Kyunggi) in male and 11.08 (11.47 in Kyungsang, 11.20 in Seoul, 11.18 in Kyunggi, 10.82 in Chungcheong, 10.64 in Incheon) in female. Male students in Seoul (18.2) and female students in Kyungsang (18.6) had the greater number of consumed food items. Subjects who had higher DDS had significantly higher DVS (p < 0.001). Based on these results, the food intake of the subjects regarded as not adequate, especially with regards to the dairy and fruit groups. Considering their nutritional characteristics, dietary guidelines as well as education should be made to improve the food intake and include various foods in their diet.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.799-802
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• 2008

General behaviors based on hydraulic characteristics of natural streams and channels have been recently analyzed and developed via various numerical models. However in the states of natural hydraulics, an experimental research must be performed simultaneously with the mathematical analysis due to effects of hydraulic properties such as meander, sediment, and so on. In this study based on 2-D advection-dispersion equation, flow and tracer experiments were performed in the S-curved meandering laboratory channel with a rectangular cross-section. The channel was equipped with instrument carriages which was equipped with an auto-traversing system to be used with velocity measuring sensors throughout the depth and breadth of the flow field. To measure concentration distribution of the salt solution was adjusted to that of the flume water by adding methanol and a red dye (KMnO4) was added to aid the visualization of the tracer cloud, the tracer was instantaneously injected into the flow as a full-depth vertical line source by the instantaneous injector and the initial concentration of the tracer was 100,000 mg/l. The secondary current as well as the primary flow pattern was analyzed to investigate the flow distribution in the meandering channels. The velocity distribution of the primary flow for all cases skewed toward the inner bank at the first bend, and was almost symmetric at the crossovers, and then shifted toward the inner bank again at the next alternating bend. Thus, one can clearly notice that the maximum velocity occurs taking the shortest course along the channel, irrespective of the flow conditions. The result of the tracer tests shows that pollutant clouds are spreading following the maximum velocity lines in each cases with various mixing patterns like superposition, separation, and stagnation of pollutant clouds. Flow characteristics in each cases performed in this study can be compared with tracer dispersion characteristics with using evaluation of longitudinal and transverse dispersion coefficients(LDC, TDC). As expected, LDC and TDC in meandering parts have been evaluated with increasing distribution and straight parts have effected to evaluate minimum of LDC and TDC due to symmetric flow patterns and attenuations of secondary flow.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.14-29
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• 2015

Objectives : The extract of Sagunja-tang has been traditionally used for restorative treatment of constitutional weakness, vascular and immune disorder, and nervous disease in Oriental country. This study investigated the regulatory effects of Sagunja-tang on the expression, production, and activity of immune mediators.Methods : In this study, the extract of Sagunja-tang was prepared by extracting with distilled water at 100$^{\circ}C$ for 2.5h. The extract was freeze-dried following filtration through 0.45${{\mu}m}$ filter. The extract was dissolved in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) and filtered again through 0.45${{\mu}m}$ filter before use. The level of nitrite, an oxidative product of nitric oxide(NO) was measured in the culture medium by the Griess reaction. The levels of prostaglandin E₂(PGE₂), Th1 cytokines (IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-2) and Th2 cytokines(IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression were determined by Western blot analysis. Also examined the effects of the extract on T-cell proliferation and cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells.Results : In this investigation, Production levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) was inhibited in a dose dependent manner by treatment with the extract. I also found that the extract increased T-cell proliferation and cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells in a dose-dependent manner.Conculsions : These results suggest that the water extract of Sagunja-tang may be useful for a therapeutic drug against a sickly constitution and immune diseases, probably by regulating the production of immune mediators.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.238-247
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• 2021

PEO (plasma electrolytic oxidation) was applied to modify the surface of AZ31 magnesium alloy in this study. The mixed solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na₂SiO₃) was used as the electrolyte, and 0 - 0.05 g/L of Ca-GP (Glycerol Phosphate Calcium salt) was added in the electrolyte as an additive. PEO treatment was conducted at a current density of 30mA/cm² for 5 minutes using a DC power supply. The surface properties were identified by SEM, XRD and surface roughness analyses, and the corrosion resistance was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization and immersion tests. In addition, the biocompatibility was evaluated by immersion test in SBF solution. As the concentration of Ca-GP was increased, the surface morphology was denser and more uniform, and the amount of Ca and the thickness of oxide layer increased. Only Mg peak was observed in XRD analysis due to very thin oxide layer. The corrosion resistance of PEO-treated samples increased with the concentration of Ca-GP in comparision with the untreated sample. In particular, the highest corrosion resistance was identified at the group of 0.04g Ca-GP through potentiodynamic polarization and immersion tests in saline solution (0.9 wt.%NaCl). During the immersion in saline solution, pH rapidly increased at the beginning of immersion period due to rapid corrosion, and then increase rate of pH decreased. However, the pH value in the SBF temporarily increased from 7.4 to 8.5 during the day, then decreased due to the inhibition of corrosion with HA(hydroxyapatite) formation.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2021

In this study, Na2SO4 and KCl reagents were used to synthesize K2SO4 as a basic study for recycling byproducts generated during the manufacture of steel and cement. The mole ratio of Na2SO4 to KCl, the saturation of the solution, and the stirring temperature were controlled to derive the optimal manufacturing conditions. The microstructure and crystallinity of the materials prepared were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Pure K2SO4 was obtained when the mole ratio of Na2SO4 to KCl was 1:6-18, the saturation of the solution was less than 160%, and the stirring temperature was 20℃, 50℃. The optimal manufacturing conditions to maximize the crystallinity and yield of K2SO4 while minimizing the energy consumption were 1:6 mole ratio of Na2SO4 to KCl, 140% saturation of the solution, and 20℃ stirring temperature.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 2019

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are widely generated in biological processes such as normal metabolism and response to xenobiotic exposure. While ROS can be beneficial or harmful to cells and tissues, generation of ROS by diverse anti-cancer drugs or phytochemicals plays an important role in the induction of apoptosis. We recently identified a derivative of naphthalene, MS-5, that induces apoptosis of an ovarian cell, CAOV-3. Interestingly, MS-5 induced apoptosis by down-regulating the ROS. Cell viability was evaluated by water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay. Apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis. Intracellular ROS ($H_2O_2$), mitochondrial superoxide, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and effect on cycle were determined by flow cytometry. Protein expression was assessed by western blotting. The level of ATP was measured using ATP Colorimetric/Fluorometric Assay kit. MS-5 inhibited growth of ovarian cancer cell lines, CAOV-3, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. MS-5 also induced G1 cell cycle arrest in CAOV-3 cells, while MS-5 decreased intracellular ROS generation. In addition, cells treated with MS-5 showed the decrease in MMP and ATP production. In this study, we found that treatment with MS-5 in CAOV-3 cells induced apoptosis but decreased ROS level. We suspect that MS-5 might interfere with the minimum requirements of ROS for survival. These perturbations appear to be concentration-dependent, suggesting that MS-5 may induce apoptosis by interfering with ROS generation. We propose that MS-5 may be a potent therapeutic agent for inducing apoptosis in ovarian cancer cell through regulation of ROS.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.539-548
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• 2019

This study investigated the influence of ultrasound treatment on the quality properties of chicken breast meat and the broth from Korean chicken soup (Baeksuk). In this study, the internal temperature, malondialdehyde content, textural profile, color, dry matter, protein content, phenolic content and sensory properties of chicken breast meat broth from chicken soup with ultrasound treatment were analyzed. The chicken, plants, salt, and water were vacuum packaged in a retort pouch. The chicken soup was manufactured with ultrasound treatment (45 kHz and $1.6W\;cm^{-2}$) in a water bath at $85^{\circ}C$. The texture properties, color, and lipid oxidation of the chicken breast meat from the chicken soup were not affected by the ultrasound treatment. There was no significant difference in the lipid oxidation in the broth of the chicken soup between the control and ultrasound treatment. The dry matter and crude protein contents of the broth were significantly increased by the ultrasound treatment. The broth flavor of the chicken soup manufactured with the ultrasound treatment received a higher score than that of the control in the sensory analysis. There were no differences in the sensory properties of the chicken breast meat from the chicken soup between the control and ultrasound treatment Therefore, the broth quality of the chicken soup can be improved by heating with ultrasound treatment. Additionally, to apply ultrasound technology to the production chicken breast meat and the broth from chicken soup, it is necessary to further study the quality characteristics of the breast meat and broth according to various frequencies and strengths.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.363-369
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• 2019

This study developed electroconductive textiles by coating polypyrrole to PET nonwoven-based Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) nanoweb made by electrospinning and applying the developed electrotextiles as ECG Electrodes. To find the optimum coating conditions for high electrical conductivity, the ratios of 2.6-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid with Disodium Salt (NDS) vs Ammonium Persulfate (APS) as an oxidant and a doping agent in the solution were changed from 3:7 to 7:3; the immersion time of the specimen in the solution was 1 hour. PVA nanowebs coated with polypyrrole under various conditions were filmed with FE-SEM. FT-IR analysis was also performed to examine the presence of polypyrrole nanoparticles in the PVA nanoweb. The electrical resistance of the treated specimens were measured with a Multimeter. Consequently, the PVA Nano Web was undamaged even after heat treatment that allowed for coating. Uniform polypyrrole nanoparticles then formed on the surface of the PVA nanoweb after coating. The measured electrical resistance was shown to be at least $12K{\Omega}/{\Box }$ from a maximum of $3,456K{\Omega}/{\Box }$. The proper amount of NDS content had a positive effect on the conductivity improvement of electroconductive textiles; in addition, the highest electrical conductivity was achieved with a ratio of 3:7 between NDS and APS.