• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.727-736
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• 2001

Dentinal hypersensitivity is one of the complicated symptom rather than a disease. It has special reaction or pain over uncovered root by heat, mechanical or chemical stimulations, which are normal with healthy teeth, The purpose of this study is to discover rather MS Coat (oxalate-containing pre-polymerized resin suspension) or Elmex gel(amine fluoride+sodium fluoride) is effective on hypersensitivity after periodontal treatment using NRS(Numerica1 Rating Scales), which it is useful for evaluating pain level. This study has been prepared in Dankook Dental Hospital with generally healthy adult who had been suffered from dentinal hypersensitivity after periodontal treatment. Divided in three groups with saline(control group), MS Coat(test 1 group) and Elmex gel(test 2 group). And then, following evaluations were made at the end of 1 minute, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. 1. The sequence of higher frequency & severeness of hypersensitivity is water within $7^{\circ}C$, air stream & explorer. 2. As time goes on, 1 minute, 1 week, 1 month & 3 months, severeness of hypersensitivity scored lower with water, air stream and explorer. 3. With explorer, the differences among three groups as time had to seen. 4. With air stream, the sensitivity scored lower after 1min with MS Coat, Elmex, and saline sequence. As time goes on the sensitivity was lower with MS Coat and Elmex than saline, but there was no difference between MS Coat and Elmex. 5. With water in $7^{\circ}C$, the sensitivity was much decreasing with MS Coat and Elmex than saline, but there was no difference between MS Coat and Elmex. As the result, MS Coat and Elmex are effective on hypersensitivity caused by periodontal treatment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.296-300
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• 2005

Human-induced soil salinity is becoming a major threat to agriculture across the world. This salinisation occurs in both irrigated and rain-fed agricultural zones with the highest proportions in the arid and semi-arid environments. Livestock can play an important role in the management and rehabilitation of this land. There are a range of plants that grow in saline soils and these have been used as animal feed. In many situations, animal production has been poor as a result of low edible biomass production, low nutritive value, depressed appetite, or a reduction in efficiency of energy use. Feeding systems are proposed that maximise the feeding value of plants growing on saline land and integrate their use with other feed resources available within mixed livestock and crop farming systems. Salt-tolerant pastures, particularly the chenopod shrubs, have moderate digestible energy and high crude protein. For this reason they represent a good supplement for poor quality pastures and crop residues. The use of salt-tolerant pasture systems not only provides feed for livestock but also may act as a bio-drain to lower saline water tables and improve the soil for growth of alternative less salt tolerant plants. In the longer term there are opportunities to identify and select more appropriate plants and animals for saline agriculture.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.72-90
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• 2001

Environment agriculture carried out from 1999 in Daeho reclaimed saline area, located in central east cost of Choongnam Korea, resulted in dramatic reduction of amount of nitrogen fertilizer and application times and amount of pesticides. The ecological status of Daeho reclaimed saline area was considered to still very sound from the results of ecological survey on flora and fauna. However, it was desirable to adapt precision agriculture for production of high eating quality of rice and preservation of Daeho ecosystem. Especially, precise application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer was recommendable for prevention of water pollution in environment rice cultivation by duck or mud snail or crab. The bioefficacy of Scirpus maritimus and Echinochloa crus-galli in paddy field of environment rice cultivation by duck or mud snail or crab in Daeho reclaimed saline area was revealed very low. Therefor, it was concluded that the pre-measures of reduction of natural weed population were necessary for successful environment agriculture. The most desirable and ideal environmentally sound agriculture in Daeho reclaimed saline area was performance of crop rotation, introduction of legume crops and green manure crops, and also, simultaneous management of crop production and animal husbandry for smooth flow of energy cycle within the closed Daeho ecosystem.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.139-148
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• 2019

In this study, the removal of MB from saline solutions was evaluated by two methods by adsorption and electrodialysis; the adsorption of the mixture dye/salt on dried orange peel waste (OPW) was studied in batch method. In this study the biosorption of cationic dye by OPW was investigated as a function of initial solution pH, and initial salt (sodium chloride) concentration. The maximal dye uptake at $pH{\geq}3.6$ in the absence and in the presence of salt and the dye uptake diminished considerably in the presence of increasing concentrations of salt up to 8 g/L. The Redlich Peterson and Langmuir were the most suitable adsorption models for describing the biosorption equilibrium data of the dye both individually and in salt containing medium. As well, this work deals with the electrodialysis application to remove the dye. Synthetic solutions were used for the investigation of the main operational factors affecting the treatment performance; such as applied voltage, pH, initial dye concentration and ionic strength. The experimental results for adsorption and electrodialysis confirmed the importance of electrostatic interactions on the dye. The electrodialysis process with standard ion exchange membranes enabled efficient desalination of cationic dye solutions; there are two main factors in fouling: electrostatic interaction between cations of dyes and the fixed charged groups of the CEM, and affinity interactions.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2004

A series of superabsorbents based on acrylic acid (AA), sodium acrylate, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonic acid, N,N'-methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) were prepared by inverse suspension polymerization. These hydrogels were further crosslinked on the surface with polyethylene glycol-600 (PEG-600). The water absorbency or swelling behaviors for these xerogels in water and 0.9% saline solutions, both under free condition and under load were investigated. Absorption characteristics of these hydrogels were found to depend on nature and concentration of crosslinker in the system. It was also found that the saline absorption was significantly improved as the incorporation of AMPS in the polymer was increased. The surface crosslinking introduced in the polymers was found to improve the absorption under load characteristics without lowering the free water absorption capacities of the polymer to a considerable extent.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.643-654
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• 2019

The amino acid composition, protein quality, and protein functionality of protein solution extracted from three edible insect species were investigated. We used 0.02% ascorbic acid and 0.58 M saline solution to extract water-soluble and salt-soluble proteins from the three insect species. Extracted protein solutions of Tenebrio molitor (TM), Allomyrina dichotoma (AD), and Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (PB) were divided into six groups, according to species and solubility: WTM, WAD, WPB (water-soluble), and STM, SAD, and SPB (salt-soluble). Defatted TM had the highest protein content, but its protein solubility was the lowest, for both water and saline solutions. Amino acid composition differed by edible insect species and buffer type; SPB had the highest protein quality, followed by WPB. PB had a higher pH than the other species. Color values also differed among species. SPB had abundant high molecular weight proteins, compared with other treatments; and also had the highest foaming capacity, foam stability, and emulsifying capacity. In conclusion, PB is a good source of functional protein compared with the other studied species. Additionally, protein extraction using saline solution is promising as a useful method for improving edible insect protein functionality.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.114-118
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• 1990

Water requirement for desalinization was studied in column experiment filled with a tidal saline soil treated with gypsum partially, one half of the gypsum was mixed to the top one tenth and the other half was spread on the surface of the column soil. Different doses of percolates were collected and analysed with sectionalized column soils after the last percolation. Results obtained are as follows ; 1. One point seven(1.7) times of percolate was enough to desaline sodium from the tidal saline soil to bring the activity ratio of $Na/{\sqrt{Ca+Mg)}}$ to 0.10 at which the mean % Na to the sum of cations was $1.64{\pm}0.57$, but for magnessium, twice as much the percalate as the saline soil was still not enough, so that the activity ratios, $(Na+{\sqrt{Mg}})/(K+{\sqrt{Ca}})$ of soil, at different depth were not contract to an equilibrium point. 2. Most free NaCl was washed out into 1.4 times of percolate to the saline soil There after which the leaching of K and Mg became obvious. 3. Iso ha lime curves of sodium were prepared for water requirement to desaline a tidal saline soil to a projected Na concentration and a predetermined soil depth.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.33-42
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• 2000

This study was conducted for 356 customers coming to N optometrist office in Masan city in order to evaluate practice of hygienic control of contact lens storage cases. The results were as follows: 1) For disinfection of contact lens storage case, students used wetting saline solution(42.6%), exclusive wetting solution(23.0%) and 21(11.5%) of them didn't practice disinfection. Others besides students used wetting saline solution(29.1%), boiling water(27.3%) and 42(25.5%) of them didn't practice disinfection(P<0.01). 2) For storage case washing solution, 18(85.7%) out of 21 people who belong to high economic class used wetting saline solution, 3(14.3%) used exclusive wetting solution, 141(48.0%) out of 294 people who belong to middle economic class used wetting saline solution, 129(43.9%) used exclusive solution(P<0.01). 3) For wetting solution of storage case, 132(74.6%) out of 177 students used exclusive wetting solution and the rest(25.4%) used wetting saline solution, 102(64.2%) out of 159 others besides students used exclusive wetting solution, 51(32.1%) used wetting saline solution and 6(3.8%) used sold water and city water(P<0.05). 4) 66(94.3%) out of 70 contact lens storage cases were contaminated by bacteria and Serratia marcescens was isolated in 33(47.1%) out of 70 contact lens storage cases.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.310-317
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• 2022

BACKGROUND: The salt in soil interrupts crop growth. Therefore, water resources are used to remove any salt found in the soil. However, water resources have been reduced by global warming; thus, a new study is required into reducing the salt in soil. Recently, the bottom ash (BA) of a biomass power plant was found to be similar to biochar. Hence, it can be used to remove heavy metals and wastewater through the adsorption characteristics of BA. The objective of this study was to evaluate the improvement effects on crop growth in saline soil containing the BA from biomass power plants. METHODS AND RESULTS: The effect on crop growth in the saline soil supplemented with BA was studied with the crop-planted pots, which were packed by reclaimed greenhouse soils collected from Byolyang, Suncheon. The BA application level was 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 kg/10a (referred as BA25, BA50, BA100, BA200, and BA400, respectively). The BA increased the fresh weights of the leaf and root, while nitrogen uptake increased by approximately 24-102% and 54-77%, respectively for the lead and root. The phosphorous uptake increased by 38%, although only in the leaf of the lettuce. In the case of soil, BA increased water content, pH, EC, CEC, and NH₄⁺ and the SAR of the soil decreased by 5-15%. The bottom ash increased the contents of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, and fixed the amount of Na⁺. CONCLUSION(S): It was confirmed the bottom ash of a biomass power plant, based on wood pellets, improved crop growth, and increased the nutrient uptake of crops in saline soil. In addition, bottom ash, which has a wide range of porosity and high values of pH and EC, improved properties of the saline soil. However, the BA has a large amount of B, As, and heavy metals. Finally, it may require a study on the safety and contamination of heavy metals contained in the bottom ash, which would be applied in soil for a long time.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.95-105
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• 2021

Extensive groundwater abstraction has been recognized as one of the major challenges in management of coastal groundwater. The purpose of this study was to assess potential changes of groundwater distribution of northeastern Jeju Island over 10-year duration, where brackish water have been actively developed. To quantitatively estimate the coastal groundwater resources, numerical simulations using three-dimensional finite-difference density-dependent flow models were performed to describe spatial distribution of the groundwater in the aquifer under various pumping and recharge scenarios. The simulation results showed different spatial distribution of freshwater, brackish, and saline groundwater at varying seawater concentration from 10 to 90%. Volumetric analysis was also performed using three-dimensional concentration distribution of groundwater to calculate the volume of fresh, brackish, and saline groundwater below sea level. Based on the volumetric analysis, a quantitative analysis of future seawater intrusion vulnerability was performed using the volume-based vulnerability index adopted from the existing analytical approaches. The result showed that decrease in recharge can exacerbate vulnerability of coastal groundwater resources by inducing broader saline area as well as increasing brackish water volume of unconfined aquifers.