• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 다양한 앱의 종류 중에서 유통 기한과 관련 있는 앱을 조사하고 이를 화장품 관리에 적용하는 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 화장품의 안전성과 안정성을 향상시키는 안드로이드 기반 앱을 설계 구현하도록 한다. 화장품은 종류가 워낙 많기 때문에 이를 잘 알고 쓰기가 무척 어려울 뿐만 아니라 각 화장품마다 구입 시기 및 개봉 시기가 각각 다르기 때문에 이를 효율적으로 관리해 주는 앱이 필요하다. 본 연구는 화장품의 유통 기한을 관리해 주는 앱을 설계 구현하므로써, 화장품의 안전한 사용을 도와주며, 화장품 업체와의 연계를 통해서 좋은 화장품의 정보를 제공 받는 것을 목표로 하고 있다.

• 웰빙융합연구
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2020

Purposes: This is a study on the perception of safety in use according to cosmetic information. Research design, data and methodology: As a result of analyzing 324 women in their twenties living in the metropolitan area, the following conclusions were drawn. Results: As a result of measuring the awareness of cosmetic information, the awareness of 'cosmetic-related knowledge' (M=3.52) and 'cosmetic performance' (M=3.43) was high, indicating that information on cosmetic knowledge was actively shared with each other. It was understood that the method of use and effect were properly recognized and that the cosmetics were selected. 'Correct cosmetic storage method' is significant in the factors of interest in cosmetics (p<.001), and 'the harmful ingredients of cosmetics that should be avoided' are significant in the factors of cosmetic information (p<0.05) and the factors of interest in cosmetics (p<0.01). 'Trouble-causing ingredients' showed a statistically significant difference in safety perception in all factors except cosmetic performance factors. Conclusion: There is a need to construct a system that allows consumers to easily purchase cosmetics that are necessary for their skin by schematically or simplifying the information on the usage period and trouble-causing ingredients after opening the cosmetics to be easily understood.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.505-512
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• 2013

Objectives: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation may cause skin cancer, photo-ageing, erythema, and sunburn. Benzophenone (BP) is commonly used to protect skin from UV radiation. In Korea, sunscreen, sunblock, socalled 'blemish balm' (BB) and 'color correcting' (CC) creams, and foundation may contain from 0.5 to 5% benzophenone in order to protect skin from UV radiation. The purpose of this study is to understand the levels of benzophenone derivatives in urine among a group of university students and identify the contribution of cosmetics use. Methods: Forty volunteers (20 women and 20 men) were asked about skin type, frequency of use of cosmetics, and recognition of related health effects, etc. in a survey. Subjects were divided into several subgroups and were compared for concentration of benzophenone-1 (BP-1) and benzophenone-3 (BP-3). Their urine was pretreated with enzyme hydrolysis and solid phase extraction. Determinations of BP-1 and BP-3 in the urine were made with LC-MS/MS. Results: Among the study subjects, 82.5% used basic cosmetics at least once per day, and 77.5% used sunscreens at least once per day. The concentrations of BP-1 and BP-3 of the males were 4.36 ng/mL and 9.16 ng/mL, respectively. Those of the females were 3.98 ng/mL and 5.07 ng/mL, respectively. The use of cosmetics was positively related to urinary benzophenone levels. Conclusions: BP-1 and BP-3 were widely detected among the university students. Cosmetic use was identified as a potential source. Implications of such exposure deserve further investigation.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2024

This study aimed to assess the satisfaction levels of adolescents with beauty programs, investigate the factors influencing them, and present foundational insights for designing cosmetics and beauty education initiatives tailored to adolescents. Specifically focusing on the "Safety and Use Education for Youth Cosmetics" program implemented in Gwangju Metropolitan City, it examined the satisfaction of participants, including students, instructors, and school teachers involved in the education. The study was based on action research, a qualitative methodology. The conclusions are as follows: First, participants gained knowledge and information encompassing various aspects of cosmetics, such as types, expiration dates and usage span, face wash and skin types, shampooing methods, scalp care, role and significance of sunscreen, skin trouble management, and identification of skin type, through cosmetic education programs. Second, participants learned about techniques such as eyebrow trimming, eyebrow shape correction, facial contour correction, skin blush supplementation, color makeup, personal color, and tattooing. Third, there is an urgent need to develop different educational teaching resources suitable for implementation across elementary, middle, and high schools. Fourth, it is necessary to cultivate higher-quality instructors in this digital age. Fifth, it is crucial to explore new methods of delivering beauty education to adolescents. We hope the insights gleaned from this study will serve as useful foundational data, albeit modest, fostering new beauty trends amidst the challenging landscape of youth education.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.119-129
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• 2019

As the use of cosmetics has greatly increased in a daily life, safety issues with cosmetic ingredients have drawn an attention. Drometrizole [2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole] is categorized as a sunscreen ingredient and is used in cosmetics and non-cosmetics as a UV light absorber. No significant toxicity has been observed in acute oral, inhalation, or dermal toxicity studies. In a 13-week oral toxicity study in beagle dogs, No observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was determined as 31.75 mg/kg bw/day in males and 34.6 mg/kg bw/day in females, based on increased serum alanine aminotransferase activity. Although drometrizole was negative for skin sensitization in two Magnusson-Kligman maximization tests in guinea pigs, there were two case reports of consumers presenting with allergic contact dermatitis. Drometrizole showed no teratogenicity in reproductive and developmental toxicity studies in which rats and mice were treated for 6 to 15 days of the gestation period. Ames tests showed that drometrizole was not mutagenic. A long-term carcinogenicity study using mice and rats showed no significant carcinogenic effect. A nail product containing 0.03% drometrizole was nonirritating, non-sensitizing and non-photosensitizing in a test with 147 human subjects. For risk assessment, the NOAEL chosen was 31.75 mg/kg bw/day in a 13-week oral toxicity study. Systemic exposure dosages were 0.27228 mg/kg bw/day and 1.90598 mg/kg bw/day for 1% and 7% drometrizole in cosmetics, respectively. Risk characterization studies demonstrated that when cosmetic products contain 1.0% of drometrizole, the margin of safety was greater than 100. Based on the risk assessment data, the MFDS revised the regulatory concentration of drometrizole from 7% to 1% in 2015. Under current regulation, drometrizole is considered to be safe for use in cosmetics. If new toxicological data are obtained in the future, the risk assessment should be carried out to update the appropriate guidelines.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.103-117
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• 2019

The mixture of 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (CMIT) and 2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (MIT), CMIT/MIT, is a preservative in cosmetics. CMIT/MIT is a highly effective preservative; however, it is also a commonly known skin sensitizer. Therefore, in the present study, a risk assessment for safety management of CMIT/MIT was conducted on products containing 0.0015% of CMIT/MIT, which is the maximum MIT level allowed in current products. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for CMIT/MIT was 2.8 mg/kg bw/day obtained from a two-generation reproductive toxicity test, and the skin sensitization toxicity standard value for CMIT/MIT, or the no expected sensitization induction level (NESIL), was $1.25{\mu}g/cm^2/day$ in humans. According to a calculation of body exposure to cosmetics use, the systemic exposure dosage (SED) was calculated as 0.00423 mg/kg bw/day when leave-on and rinse-off products were considered. Additionally, the consumer exposure level (CEL) amounted to $0.77512{\mu}g/cm^2/day$ for all representative cosmetics and $0.00584{\mu}g/cm^2/day$ for rinse-off products only. As a result, the non-cancer margin of safety (MOS) was calculated as 633, and CMIT/MIT was determined to be safe when all representative cosmetics were evaluated. In addition, the skin sensitization acceptable exposure level (AEL)/CEL was calculated as 0.00538 for all representative cosmetics and 2.14225 for rinse-off products; thus, CMIT/MIT was considered a skin sensitizer when all representative cosmetics were evaluated. Current regulations indicate that CMIT/MIT can only be used at concentrations 0.0015% or less and is prohibited from use in other cosmetics products. According to the results of this risk assessment, the CMIT/MIT regulatory values currently used in cosmetics are evaluated as appropriate.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.109-145
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• 2002

Council Directive 76/768/EEC는 EU에서 화장품에 대한 기본적인 규정에 대한 기초가 된다. 이 규정의 배경과 원리에 대한 간단한 소개 후에 주요안건에 대해 강연할 것이다. 특히, 안전성에 대한 기본적인 원칙에 대해 주로 다루었으며, 6차 개정 이행(Council Directive 93/3S/EC)에 따른 영향에 대하여 분석 하였다. 토론의 주요 주제는 화장품의 안전성에 대한 요건과 EU시장에서 화장품 출시시 최종적인 책임, 개개의 성분의 안전성을 기초로 한 최종제품의 안전성에 대한 EU의 개념, 모든 최종제품에 대한 유럽에서 요구하는 서류와 개개의 성분들의 positive list와 negative list의 존재여부에 대하여 다루어지며 또한 주요관심인 7차 개정에 의해 새롭게 제안된 것과 동물대체시험법의 사용에 대해 강연할 것이다. 마지막으로, positive list에 존재하는 성분의 경우 SCCNFP에 의하여 이루어지는 안전성평가와 최종 제품에 대한 기술적인 측면에서 안전성평가자로서 이루어지는 평가에 대해 상세하게 다루어 질 것이다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2005

본 연구는 베이비 화장품의 구매 행태를 연구, 분석하였다. 연구 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. 첫째 국내 및 수입 베이비 화장품이 다양하게 출시되고 있는 현실 가운데 응답자의 $68.0\%$가 제조원 또는 브랜드 명을 정확하게 인식하지 못하고 있었다. 둘째, 자녀의 피부가 희고 민감하며 아토피 피부인 경우는 베이비 화장품의 선택에 신중한 편이나 정상 피부인 경우에는 영유아기를 벗어나 초등학생으로 갈수록, 그리고 어머니의 연령이 높을수록 베이비 전용 화장품을 사용하지 않고 성인 화장품을 같이 쓰는 경우가 많았으며 응답자의 $7.6\%$는 베이비 화장품을 전혀 사용하지 않았다. 특히 샴푸나 바디클렌저 등 목욕용 제품의 사용에 있어서 성인용 제품을 같이 사용하는 경우가 많았다. 셋째, 베이비 화장품 구입 시 가장 많이 고려하는 사항으로는 ‘품질' 이었다. 국산보다는 수입품의 품질을 더욱 더 신뢰하고 선호하였으며 베이비 화장품을 구입하는 비용은 1만원 미만으로, 기존에 판매되고 있는 베이비 화장품의 가격이 비싼 편이라고 인식하였다. 마지막으로 베이비 화장품의 개선점으로는 '제품의 안전성'이 $56.5\%$로 가장 많았으며 베이비 화장품에 대해서 전반적으로 만족하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 환경오염과 식습관의 변화주거 환경의 변화로 새집증후군과 아토피 피부 질환의 증가 등 베이비의 피부가 위협을 받고 있는 현실 속에서 연약하고 민감한 베이비 피부를 보호할 수 있는 베이비 화장품이 개발되어야 하며, 소비자는 베이비 피부와 베이비 화장품에 대한 정확한 인식과 정보를 가지고 올바른 선택을 하며 효능, 효과가 우수한 베이비 화장품을 지속적으로 사용하여 베이비 피부 트러블을 예방하며 건강한 베이비 피부로 가꾸어 갈 수 있도록 해야 한다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.93-109
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• 2022

Cosmetics are products that consumers use every day to maintain or improve the health of their skin and hair. Therefore, the expansion of the cosmetics market leads to the expansion of disputes over cosmetic damage. Along with constant social changes, new conflicts continue to arise. In order to resolve these disputes, various consumer dispute resolution organizations and methods are required. Therefore, Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), an alternative method that can provide a reasonable judgment on problems that occur during the manufacture and distribution of cosmetics with expert knowledge of the industry, is required. Korea resolves disputes between consumers and manufacturers caused by cosmetics through the ADR of the Korea Cosmetics Association and the Korea Consumer Agency. It handles disputes related to accidents caused by cosmetics, offers consultation on consumer complaints on cosmetics and provides information on accidents and safety related to cosmetics. It is not possible to completely eradicate disputes from cosmetic damages. Therefore, it is necessary to expand and efficiently operate the cosmetic ADR system for consumers. In this study, the current status of cosmetic damage disputes and damage relief and the role of the domestic ADR system were reviewed. Consumers should be easily relieved from damage caused by cosmetics. By accumulating important precedents with an efficient cosmetic damage dispute resolution system, disputes over cosmetic damage should be smoothly resolved.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.137-150
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• 2019

This study aimed to provide consumer perception and evaluation of natural Cynanchi Atrium Fermented Original Cosmetics for Skin Whitening that can improve skin by using oriental medicinal ingredients. The product was applied three times a day for two weeks by a total of 60 users who agreed to participate in a clinical trial assessing the usability and skin sensitivity to extracts that had already completed component safety testing. This study subjects reported which images were most reminiscent of Korea. They preferred products that bore Korean images because they felt trust and recognized that the quality of the cosmetics was excellent. The responses also showed that many consumers were willing to buy a product, even though it was luxurious, elegant, and expensive. The cognitive evaluation of Original Cosmetics was high and showed that the quality was likely to be good. The usability and CMF(Color, Material, Finishing) evaluation of Original Cosmetics showed good product the product is long-lasting and tightened and moisturized skin naturally. They are think about that this product it has moisturizing effects and good application for use, so it is light and soft to use. And had a whitening effect. It was intended to assist in the development of products that meet consumers' desires and expectations for safe, healthy, and beautiful skin by developing a skin whitening Original Cosmetics prototype that can inhibit the production of melanin and tyrosinase activity safely and effectively.