• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.769-776
• /
• 2006

최근 급속한 산업의 발달과 더불어 토목 건축기술의 발달로 콘크리트 구조물의 초고층화 대형화가 이루어 지고 있으며, 이러한 대형 구조물의 시공에 있어서 콘크리트의 온도상승은 부재의 내 외부 온도차이로 인한 온도응력에 의하여 균열을 발생시켜 구조물의 내하력 및 내구성에 심각한 손상을 가져올 수 있다. 연구에서는 시멘트 및 혼화재의 종류 및 배합설계 조건에 따라 콘크리트의 수화발열 특성 및 콘크리트의 공학적 특성에 대해 실험을 진행하였다. 시멘트 종류는 1종 보통포틀랜드시멘트, 혼합시멘트인 고로슬래그시멘트 및 4종 포틀랜드시멘트(벨라이트시멘트)를 사용하였으며, 혼화재 종류로는 플라이애쉬와 고로슬래그미분말을 사용하였다. 혼화재의 사용방법은 일반적으로 사용되는 플라이애쉬 25% 대체한 경우와 비교용으로 고로슬래그미분말을 50% 대체한 경우(2성분계 배합)와 또는 플라이애쉬와 혼합 사용(3성분계 배합) 방법을 적용하였다. 본 연구 결과, 결합재 종류 및 설계 조건에 따른 수화발열특성에 있어서는 벨라이트시멘트를 사용하는 것이 가장 효과적이며, 플라이애쉬를 사용한 경우도 수화열 저감 효과는 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, 수화발열특성을 비롯한, 콘크리트의 품질 특성을 종합적으로 고려할 경우, 고로슬래그미분말의 사용이 효과적이며, 특히 고로슬래그미분말과 플라이애쉬를 혼합사용한 3성분계의 배합설계가 가장 효과적인 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한한방종양학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.165-180
• /
• 2000

Clinical studies were carried out 83 cases of patients with colorectal cancer treated by Hangamdan(抗癌丹) from January 1th 1998 to September 30th 2000. The results were summarized as follows; 1. Distribution of those attached by colorectal cancer, by sex, showed that Male is more then Female, by age, showed that the number of fifties is majority. 2. Distribution of diagnostic stage, in descending order; stage III(53%, top), stage IV(45.8%). 3. The effects of maintenance and improvement in the symptoms with traditional oriental therapy(83.3%) and combined treatment of western and oriental therapy(92.1%) were observed. The effects of the symptoms were as follows: diarrhea(37.3%), abdominal pain (25.3%), general body weakness(22.9%), nausea(20.5%) and etc. in orders. 4. Analysis of hematology attached by colorectal cancer, maintenance and increasing of WBC(89.9%), RBC(74.7%), Hgb(81.1%), Platelet(92.4%) were observed. After taken Hangamdan, the safety of the liver and kidney were as follows; maintenance and decreasing of AST(85.9%), ALT(94.8%), GTP(87.5%), Creatinine(90.9%) were observed. 5. of IL-12 and $IFN-\gammer$ attached by colorectal cancer, increasing of IL-12(53.3%), IFN-{\gammer}(80%)$) were observed. 6. Analysis of QOL attached by colorectal cancer, maintenance and improvement of combined treatment of western and oriental therapy(89.6%), traditional oriental therapy(83.3%) were observed. 7. Analysis of survival in patients with IV stage of colorectal cancer, above 7 months(18.4%), 12 months(65.8%). 8. Analysis of antitumor effects, maintenance of traditional oriental therapy(83.3%) and maintenance and improvement of combined treatment of western and oriental therapy(80.5%) were observed. Analysis of tumor marker attached by colorectal cancer, maintenance and decreasing of CEA(78.8%) were observed. 9. Analysis of curative valuation, maintenance and improvement of traditional oriental therapy(83.3%), combined treatment of western and oriental therapy(72.7%) were observed. From the above results, it is suggested that Hangamdan has significant effects of antitumor and immune activity, also could be usefully applied for colorectal cancer patients by combination with western therapy or alone.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.421-432
• /
• 2010

한국의 소방학 관련 학과는 전국에 80여개가 운영되고 있지만, 교육과학기술부가 인정하는 학문분류체계표상의 분과 학문으로 등록되어 있지 않고, 한국연구재단의 학문 연구 분야별 분류표에도 등재되어 있지 못하다. 이에 최근 소방학의 학문적 정체성을 확립하여 소방학 전반에 걸친 학문적 발전 및 성숙과 소방정책의 발전을 도모하려는 노력이 진행되고 있다. 그러나 소방정책에 대한 기존 선행 연구 및 이론서의 부족으로 인해 소방정책론 정립에 많은 어려움이 있는 것이 사실이다. 따라서 행정학, 경찰행정학, 정치학 등 인접학문의 논의를 기초로 소방정책의 특수성을 감안한 소방정책론 정립이 요구되고 있다. 또한 기존의 화재진압, 화재예방, 구조 및 구급 정책에 국한하지 않고, 최근 소방정책 분야의 패러다임 변화를 적극 반영하여, 대국민 안전예방정책, 소방보험정책 등을 포함하는 소방정책론이 요구되고 있다. 이 연구는 소방정책론의 바람직한 정립 방향을 논의하는데 목적이 있다. 구체적으로 소방학에서의 소방정책론 정립의 필요성과 소방정책론 구성에 대한 논의를 바탕으로 하여, 바람직한 소방정책론 구성의 방향을 총론 및 각론으로 구분하며, 소방정책론 정립을 통하여 향후 한국소방정책의 발전방향을 살펴보고자 한다.

• 복식
• /
• 제55권5호
• /
• pp.108-119
• /
• 2005

The objective of the study is was investigate the condition of the battle dress uniform worn by male members of the Korean Police Special Weapons Attack Team(KP-SWAT), identify problems, and provide basic raw materials for developing improved design of BDU. For this purpose, the researcher conducted a questionnaire survey on 92 male members of SWAT (Special Weapon Attack Team) units in Seoul using a questionnaire developed through observation and interview. Also, the body sizes of male SWAT members were measured. According to the results of body size measurements, male SWAT members generally require uniforms with a target bust girth, armhole, biceps circumference, thigh and calf circumference, longer jacket length, sleeve length, and trouser length to the knee. According to the results of the questionnaire survey, they reported dissatisfaction with the fit. In addition, they said that the Pockets are positioned too low for convenient use. Many subjects reported that their trousers were too short because of the rubber rings at the bottom of the legs. In addition, many subjects requested the alteration of the inconveniences caused by the designs finished with velcro on the bottom collar of the upper uniform, the marks and ensigns of the upper uniform, the bottom of the upper and lower uniform, and several pockets. Furthermore, there were many complaints concerning how they had to wear their uniform. The most frequently worn out and the body parts most often injured in field training and operations, they were reported, on the upper uniform, as the elbow, collar, neck, armpit, shoulder, and sleeve hem in that order, and on the lower uniform, the knee, interior calf, waist (belt rings), buttocks (rear pockets), and the bottom of the trousers (ankle) in that order As for questions concerning priorities in the improvements of the operational uniform and preferred design, the subjects recommended improvement in safety (protectiveness), workability (motional flexibility), design (shape), fit (size), comfort, ease in terms of putting on and taking off, etc., and the majority preferred two-piece designs ($67.4\%$), followed by one-piece ($30.4\%$), or both ($2.2\%$).

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.137-144
• /
• 2016

본 시험은 GMP 내 기본적으로 7%로 결합되어 있는 sialic acid의 함유량을 그대로 보유하도록 제조한 유청단백가수분말(시험물질명: 7%-GNANA)을 기능성 식품 원료 개발함에 최종 연구목표를 두었다. 시험물질은 GMP(7% sialic acid 함유)를 원료로 하고, 여기에 식품첨가물로 허용된 효소인 Alcalase를 사용하여 지표성분인 sialic acid를 100% 효율로 분리시킨 후, 동결 건조한 7%-GNANA(7% sialic acid와 GMP 단백질로 구성, 제품명: HELICOBACTROL-7)을 (주)한일바이오메드사(한국)에서 공여 받아 GLP 가이드라인에 따라 미생물복귀돌연변이시험을 실시하였다. 미생물에 대한 돌연변이 유발성 유무를 검색하기 위해 히스티딘 요구성 균주인 Sal. typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535 및 TA1537과 트립토판 요구성 균주인 E. coli WP2uvrA를 이용하였다. 미생물복귀돌연변이시험은 시험물질을 5단계의 농도군(0, 61.7, 185, 556, 1,670, $5,000{\mu}g/plate$)으로 하여 평가하였다. 본 시험을 통한 평가결과, 대사활성계 존재 유무와 관계없이 모든 균주에서 시험물질의 각 농도에 의한 복귀돌연변이 유발원 양성기준인 콜로니 생성수치가 재현성 있는 증가를 나타내지 않았으며, 용량의존성도 확인되지 않았다. 결론적으로, 시험물질인 7% G-NANA의 식품첨가물로서 등록을 위하여 수행한 미생물돌연변이시험에서 안전성이 확인되었다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.91-98
• /
• 2016

본 시험은 안전식품인 우유단백질에서 분리되어 영유아 식품 등에 세계적으로 사용되고 있는 GMP 내 기본적으로 7%로 결합되어 있는 지표성분인 sialic acid의 함유량이 높게 제조한 23%-GNANA를 기능성 식품 원료 개발함에 최종 연구 목표를 두었다. 시험물질은 23% sialic acid와 GMP 단백질로 구성(제품명: HELICOBACTROL-23)되어 있으며, (주)한일바이오메드사(한국)에서 공여 받아 미생물복귀돌연변이시험을 실시하였다. 미생물에 대한 돌연변이 유발성 유무를 검색하기 위해 히스티딘 요구성 균주인 Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535 및 TA1537과 트립토판 요구성 균주인 Escherichia coli WP2uvrA를 이용하였다. 미생물복귀돌연변이시험은 시험물질을 5단계의 농도군(0, 61.7, 185, 556, 1,670, $5,000{\mu}g/plate$)으로 하여 평가하였다. 평가결과로서, 대사활성계 존재 유무와 관계없이 5균주 모두에서 시험물질의 각 농도에 의한 복귀돌연변이 유발원 양성기준인 콜로니 생성수치가 재현성있는 증가를 나타내지 않았으며, 용량의존성도 확인되지 않았다. 결론적으로, 시험물질인 23%-GNANA의 식품첨가물로서 등록을 위하여 수행한 미생물돌연변이시험에서 안전성이 확인되었다.

• 화약ㆍ발파
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.38-44
• /
• 2008

최근에 국내의 도로건설계획은 기존도로의 선형을 개량하거나 변경하는 데에 중점을 두므로, 건설하고자 하는 도로는 보다 현재 직선화되고 있는 추세이다. 국내의 지형은 대부분 산악지로 구성되어 있어 도로선형의 직선화에 따라 많은 교량과 터널의 계획이 불가피하며, 일부 산악터널의 갱구부는 터널굴착시 작업공간이 협소한 가파른 지형을 갖는 산안 계곡에 위치하는 경우가 있다. 이와 같이 가파른 지형에 터널 갱구부 굴착시 대안으로 역방향 굴착을 들 수 있는데, 3가지의 중요한 고려사항이 있다. 첫째, 적정한 폭, 높이, 그리고 길이로 Pilot 터널을 계획하는 것이며, 둘째, 터널 갱구부의 편토압에 대한 영향을 평가하는 것이고, 셋째, 갱구부의 얕은 심도의 지반조건에 대한 터널 안전성을 확보하는 것이라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 3차원 수치해석에 의해 얻어진 결과를 토대로 역방향 굴착의 적정성 및 Pilot 터널의 적용 범위를 제안코자 한다. 해석결과 Pilot 터널은 터널 안쪽 $20{\sim}25m$ 지점 전부터 갱구부 쪽으로 굴착하는 것이 적정함을 보이고 있다.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.823-839
• /
• 2012

Environmental Specimen Banks (ESBs) are playing pivotal role in monitoring the effect of environmental pollution on the ecosystem based on the retrospective analysis of the representative samples collected regularly and stored in cryogenic condition. In Korea, National Environmental Specimen Bank (NESB) was established in 2009 and the standard operating procedures (SOPs) for sampling, and cryogenic milling and storage had been prepared during 2007-2010. Since then, the tentative SOPs for the seven kinds of specimens (shoots of Red Pine (Pinus densiflora) and Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis), leaves of Mongolian Oak (Quercus mongolica) and Zelkova Tree (Zelkova serrata), eggs of Feral Pigeon (Columba livia var. domestica), muscles and organs of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio), and Freshwater Bivalve (Unio (Nodularia) douglasiae)) have been put to test in the field and laboratory as well against the practicality and feasibility. The SOPs were improved by reflecting the findings from the research and the following discussion regarding the selection of specimen (Feral Pigeon suffering from a control management), sample size (a problem of decreasing number of sampling trees related to increasing sampling time) and period (a problem related to a bud growth), and sampling methods etc.. In addition, barcoding system for the management of the specimen information, and monitoring system of the cryogenic storage to regulate the optimum temperature and the liquid nitrogen level were also developed for the efficient and effective control of the samples. Lastly, the safety guide and emergency protocol were augmented to guarantee a safe work environment with the cryogenic facility. These improvements of the SOPs are expected to contribute to more stable operation of the NESB.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.50-66
• /
• 1998

This study was conducted to estimate crystalline silica contents in airborne respirable dust from various manufacturing industries and to compare analytical performance of two methods of quantifying crystalline silica, X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Fourie transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). For this study, various manufacturing industries with a history of having pneumoconiosis cases and also known to generate dusts containing crystalline silica were investigated. These industries include: foundry, brick, potteries, concrete, and abrasive material, etc. Both personal and area respirable dust samples were collected using 10 mm, Dorr-Oliver nylon cyclone equipped with 37mm, $5{\mu}m$ pore size, polyvinylchloride (PVC) filters as collection media. In addition, total dust samples were collected side-by-side to the respirable samples. All samples were weighed before and after sampling and were pretreated according to the NIOSH sampling and analytical methods 0500, 7500, and 7602 for dust collection and quartz analysis. In addition, bulk samples were collected and analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) for minerals. In this article, only the results obtained from foundry are reported. The results from various other industries will be published in future articles. The respirable dust concentrations from personal samples by cyclone were $0.46-1.06mg/m^3$ and those from area samples were $0.34-0.73mg/m^3$. Dust concentrations of personal samples were significantly higher than those of area samples. The highest dust concentration was obtained from the personal samples of the finishing operation. Total dust concentration ranged $1.24-3.40mg/m^3$. The mean quartz contents estimated by FTIR and XRD in the personal respirable dust samples were 5.12% and 4.41%, respectively, without significant difference between them. For quartz analyses, the two techniques were highly correlated with $r^2$ ranged 0.803-0.920. But the results by FTIR were mostly higher than those by XRD. In addition, cristobalite was not detected by FTIR. Significant correlations between contents of crystalline silica and such minerals as $Al_2O_3$, CaO, $TiO_2$, and $K_2O$ suggest possible interferences from these minerals.

• 환경위생공학
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.111-128
• /
• 1992

According to the increase of population and industrialization, the quality of our drinking water are becoming worse by the contamination of resources, production of THM and other halogenated hydrocarbons during the purifying process, the problem of corroded water supplying pipeline, and the water reservoir tanks, Many people choose groundwater to drink instead of city tap water, but sometimes we get report about groundwater contamination by wastes, swage, septic tank, etc. It is reported that in U. S. over 20% of population are drinking groundwater, but U. S EPA reported the groundwater contamination by pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, fertilizer, and various chemical substances. Craun, et at announced the groundwater contamination by bacteria which are related with poor installation of septic tank. Johnson and Kross mentioned aboutmethemoglobinemia by NO3-N originated from human and animal feces, organic chemicals, and fertilizer, and as the results the infant mortality could be risen. Some scientist also reported the high concentration of metals in groundwaters and some cation and anions, and volatile organic compou nds. Authors investigated 80 groundwaters in urban, agricultural, and industrial area during last 3 month(June - August) to check any drinking water quality parameters are exceeding the standards. The results were as follow. 1, The average value of ammonia nitrate were within the standard, but 11.76% of urban area were exceeded the 10 rpm standard, in agricultural area 42.3175 were exceeded, and in industrial area 20.2% were exceeded the drinking water standard of 10 ppm. the highest concentration was 29.37 ppd in industrial area. 2. The mean value of metals is not exceeded the standard, but there were some groundwater whose Mn value was 0.424 ppm(standard is 0,3 ppm) in urban area, 0.737 rpm in agricultural area, and 5.188 ppm in industrial area. The highest Zn value was 1.221 ppm (standard is 1.0 ppm)was found in industrial area. 3. The percentage of contamination by general bacteria was 8.82% in urban area, 15.38% in agricultural area, and 15.00% in industrial area. Escherichia coil group was also contaminated by 35.29% in urban area, 30.76% in agricultural area, and 30.00% in industrial area. 4, The pH value was within the standard which means there was no influence by acid or alkali chemicals, nor acid rain Through the above results, all the groundwater should be tested to check the safety for drinking water and should make some alternative methods suitable for drink.