• 무역상무연구
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• 제75권
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• pp.199-224
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• 2017

As Multi-National Enterprises expanded their investments to foreign countries, numerous controversies and disputes arose from their negative impacts, such as violations of human rights and damage to the environment of the host countries. In response, International Organizations such as the OECD have considered various ways to prevent these negative impacts and search for more efficient dispute resolution methods. It is recognized that the OECD Guideline is one of the tools they created for this purpose. The OECD Guideline is contrastable from Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives which are regarded as a corporation's charity activities apart from their core business functions. However, Responsible Business Conduct (RBC) like the OECD Guideline can be understood as a concept moving forward from CSR, due to its requirements that corporations carry out their duties in a responsible manner within the field of their core business, such as tax, global supply chain or consumer protection. RBC which is binding in nature, has even been implemented through legislation in developed countries such as the USA, France, Switzerland, and the UK. The discussion in Korea, however, has not reached that level. Discussions for legislation center singularly on CSR efforts, with a dialogue only recently forming around the topic of legislation concerning RBC. Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) who lack certain financial and other resources to adequately develop RBC initiatives may find this more obstacles to implementation through legislated RBC, than if it were presented in Korea through other means. It's necessary to admit that RBC is a critical issue in international business. However, time is required to consider its application directly to SMEs.

• 환경생물
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.160-164
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• 2020

Papenfussiella densa was described as Papenfussiella kuromo f. densa from Japan by Inagaki in 1958. P. densa has been recognized as an endemic and independent species based on the molecular analyses of type material without detailed morphological observations. In this study, Papenfussiella densa is reported as a new record from Dok-do, South Korea, based on morphological and molecular analyses. Papenfussiella densa is mainly characterized as having narrow, branched, slimy, and tomentose thalli with branchlets, partially hollow in the medulla of the middle part. The molecular analyses of the chloroplast rbcL-rbcS DNA sequence of the Papenfussiella densa sample from Korea revealed that it matched that of P. densa from Japan and was nested in the clade of Papenfussiella. There was only a 0.02% gene sequence divergence between the Korean and Japanese samples. We report P. densa as a new record from Korea and add this species to the list of Korean macroalgal flora.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.661-668
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• 2003

Performance of an airlift bioreactor (ABR) containing the immobilized microorganisms was evaluated in an integrated pilot scale recirculating aquaculture system stocked with Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at an initial rearing density of $5\%$ and compared to a rotating biological contactor (RBC) for 40 days. The TAN concentration of rearing tank for ABR and RBC were maintained at $0.4\;g/m^3$ and $0.5\;g/m^3,$ respectively, The nitrite nitrogen was completely removed by the ABR. The ABR's aeration was more stable than the RBC's. On the whole, the feasibility of ABR as an aquacultural water treatment unit was recognized.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2015

DNA 바코드는 게놈 DNA의 단편을 이용해 형태적 지식없이 종을 동정하는 방법으로 전 세계적으로 최근에 많이 이용하고 있으며 고등식물에서는 엽록체 rbcL과 matK 유전자를 이용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 표준 식물 바코드마커와 핵 ITS 부위를 이용하여 국내 포아풀아과 잡초 16속 29종 163생태형의 바코드 데이터를 생산하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 더불어 포아풀아과의 바코드에서 각 마커의 효율성도 조사하였다. 바코드 결과 PCR 증폭과 염기서열 분석성공률은 rbcL에서 가장 높았으며 matK에서 가장 낮았다. 반대로 바코드 갭은 matK에서 가장 높은 반면 rbcL에서 가장 낮았으며, 종 식별 해상력은 matK에서 가장 높고, ITS에서 가장 낮았다. 그러나 바코드 갭과 종 식별 해상력이 가장 높은 matK를 포아풀아과에서 바코드 마커로 이용하는 것은 너무 낮은 PCR 증폭과 염기서열 분석성공률(58.3%) 때문에 고려해야할 것으로 생각된다. 단일마커로 rbcL과 ITS는 포아풀아과의 바코드에 적절하게 이용될 수 있으며, 두 마커를 조합으로 이용하면 공통으로 분석된 샘플에 따라 바코드 갭과 종 식별 해상력을 높일 수 있었다. 포아풀아과의 바코드데이터는 미국의 국립생물공학정보센터에 기탁하여 genbank 번호를 부여받아 공개하였다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2004

한국산 옻나무속 6종에 대하여 분자식물학적 방법으로 계통유연관계를 확인하기 위하여, nrDNA의 ITS 구간과 cpDNA rbcL 염기서열을 사용하여 계통분석한 결과 ITS 1의 길이는 $246{\sim}253\;bp$이었고, ITS 2는 $234{\sim}244\;bp$이었다. ITS 1의 길이는 Rhus sylvestris와 R. succedanea에서 246 bp로 가장 작았으며, R. verniciflua에서 253 bp로 가장 긴 것으로 나타났다. ITS 2의 길이는 R. verniciflua가 234 bp로 가장 짧았으며, R. trichocarpr가 244 bp로 가장 길게 나타났다. 이들 분류군의 G+C Content는 ITS 1에서는 $58.0{\sim}68.13%$의 범위를 나타냈고, ITS 2에서는 $59.75{\sim}68.46%$로 나타나 두 구간이 비슷한 비율을 보이고 있었다. ITS 1에서의 G+C content는 R. sylvestris가 58.0%로 가장 낮았으며, 가장 높은 값은 R. ambigua가 68.13%로 확인되었다. ITS 2에서는 외군인 Cotinus coggygria가 59.75%로 가장 낮았으며, R. ambigua가 68.46%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 한국산 옻나무 속에서 ITS 염기서열은 일반적으로 피자식물이 갖는 G+C content 범위 안에 포함되는 것으로 확인되었다. 한편, rbcL의 길이는 1,428 bp로 모든 종에서 동일하였다. 또한 rbcL의 G+C content는 $43.56%{\sim}43.77%$로 나타나 종간에 거의 차이가 없음을 확인하였다. 연구결과 rbcL gene은 옻나무속의 종간 계통유연관계를 해석하는데 유용하지 않았으며, ITS 1 구간의 염기서열 변이는 향후 옻나무속을 분류할 때 신속하게 분류할 수 있는 분류 marker로 이용할 수 있다고 판단되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.1085-1093
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate anoxic-RBC (rotating biological contactor) and its application in advanced municipal wastewater treatment process to remove biologically organics and ammonia nitrogen. Effluent COD and nitrogen concentration increased as the increase of volumetric loading rate. But, the concentration changes of NO$_2$$\^$-/ -N and NO$_3$$\^$-/ -N were little, as compared to COD and NH$_4$$\^$+/ -N. When the volumetric loading rate increased, COD removal efficiency and nitrification appeared very high as 96.7∼98.8% and 92.5∼98.8%, respectively. However, denitrification rate decreased to 76.2∼88.0%. These results showed that the change of volumetric loading rate affected to the denitrification rate more than COD removal efficiency or nitrification rate. The surface loading rates applied to RBC were 0.13～6.0lg COD/㎡-day and 0.312∼1.677g NH$_4$$\^$+/-N㎡-day and they were increased as the increase of volumetric loading rate. However, the nitrification rate showed higher than 90%. The thickness of the biofilm in RBC was 0.130 ∼0.141mm and the density of biofilm was 79.62∼83.78mg/㎤. They were increased as surface loading rate increased. From batch kinetic tests, the k$\_$maxH/ and k$\_$maxN/ were obtained as 1.586 g C/g VSS-day, and 0.276 g N/g VSS-day, respectively. Kinetic constants of denitrifer in anoxic reactor, Y, k$\_$e/, K$\_$s/, and k were 0.678 mg VSS/mg N, 0.0032 day$\^$-1/, 29.0 mg N/l , and 0.108 day$\^$-l/, respectively. P and K$\_$s/, values of nitrification and organics removal in RBC were 0.556 g N/㎡-day and 18.71 g COD/㎡-day, respectively.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.56-62
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• 2020

Background: Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion improves cardiorespiratory status of preterm infants by increasing circulating hemoglobin, improving tissue oxygenation, and reducing cardiac output. However, RBC transfusion itself has also been suggested to negatively affect short-term outcomes such as intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in premature infants. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between RBC transfusion and short-term outcomes in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants (birth weight, <1,500 g). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of VLBW infants admitted to the Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital between October 2010 and December 2017. Infants who died during hospitalization were excluded. The infants were divided into 2 groups according to RBC transfusion status. We investigated the relationship between RBC transfusion and short-term outcomes including BPD, ROP, NEC, and IVH. Results: Of the 250 enrolled VLBW infants, 109 (43.6%) underwent transfusion. Univariate analysis revealed that all short-term outcomes except early-onset sepsis and patent ductus arteriosus were associated with RBC transfusion. In multivariate analysis adjusted for gestational age, birth weight and Apgar score at 1 minute, RBC transfusion was significantly correlated with BPD (odds ratio [OR], 5.42; P<0.001) and NEC (OR, 3.40; P= 0.009). Conclusion: RBC transfusion is significantly associated with adverse clinical outcomes such as NEC and BPD in VLBW infants. Careful consideration of the patient's clinical condition and appropriate guidelines is required before administration of RBC transfusions.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.337-344
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• 1990

미국 뉴저지주에 있는 10개의 회전원판 처리장에서 생물막 시료를 채취하여 사상세균에 대해 현미경적 연구를 실시하였다. 활성오니에서 부유형 성장을 하며 흔히 출현하는 Type 1701, Type 0041. Type 021N, Nocardia, Beggiatoa 및 Sphaerotilus가 회전원판체 생물막에서도 출현하였으나 수도(abundance)는 크게 달랐다. 여기서는 Beggiatoa의 출현빈도가 가장 높았으며, Sphaerotilus, Type 0041, Type 1701, Type 021N, Nocardia의 순이었다. 회전원판 생물막에서 발견된 Beggiatoa는 형태적으로 뚜렷히 구별되는 2가지 Type이 존재하였다. 회전원판체의 중심축으로 100cm 깊이에 존재하는 생물막과 외부의 생물막에 존재하는 사상세균의 군집에 대해 인자분서법에 의한 통계처리를 수행한 결과 대부분의 경우, 내부의 군집과 외부의 군집이 통계적으로 유의하게 달랐으며 장소(내부, 외부)와 단(stage) 사이에도 많은 경우 통계적으로 유의한 상호작용이 있었다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.233-242
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• 1989

The effect of Codonopsis ussuriensis on red blood cell(RBC) count in rats was investigated. Among various fractions tested, a significant increase of RBC was observed in animal group treated with ether extract. From the ether soluble fraction, two compounds were isolated and their structures were elucidated as ${\alpha}-spinasterol$ and ${\beta}-sitosterol$ by chemical and spectral analyses.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.126.1-126.1
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• 2003

Compound-A is a phenylpropanoid isolated from Arctium lappa fruit. In this experiments, effect of Compound-A on sheep red bood cells (sRBC) - induced delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) were studied in ICR male mice and determined the Rosette Forming Cells (RFC). Two weeks after sensitization of i.p. injection of sRBC (4$\times{10}^8$ cells), ICR male mice were challenged by i.p. injection of sRBC (2\times{10}^8$ cells). Five days the challenge of antigen, paw edema induced twenty-four hours after the last challenge by DTH. (omitted)