• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.511-520
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• 2010

The purpose of this article was to study how the 7Ps influence consumers' risk perception of eating at family restaurants in Seoul. In this study, frequency analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis and path analysis (SEM) of the data were performed. First, reliability analysis confirmed that the 7Ps performance and risk data could be used in this investigation. Path analysis showed that the 7Ps significantly influenced customers' risk perception of eating at restaurants in Seoul. According to the results, product negatively influenced performance risk (p<0.05) and financial risk (p<0.001); price negatively influenced performance risk (p<0.001), financial risk (p<0.001), and time risk (p<0.01); place negatively influenced performance risk (p<0.01) and time risk (p<0.001); promotion negatively influenced financial risk (p<0.05) and time risk (p<0.001); process negatively influenced performance risk (p<0.001) and time risk (p<0.001); physical evidence negatively influenced performance risk (p<0.05) and financial risk (p<0.001); and people negatively influenced performance risk (p<0.05), financial risk (p<0.001), and time risk (p<0.001). As a result, we confirmed that 7Ps were an effective marketing tactic for reducing consumers' risk perception of eating at restaurants. Therefore, family restaurant companies are recommended to administer the 7Ps without additional cost.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.279-284
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• 2021

The high theoretical specific capacity of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries makes them a more promising energy storage system than conventional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the slow kinetics of the electrochemical conversion reaction seriously hinders the utilization of Li-S as an active battery material and has prevented the successful application of Li-S cells. Therefore, exploration of alternatives that can overcome the sluggish electrochemical reaction is necessary to increase the performance of Li-S batteries. In this work, an ionic liquid (IL) is proposed as a functional additive to promote the electrochemical reactivity of the Li-S cell. The sluggish electrochemical reaction is mainly caused by precipitation of low-order polysulfide (l-PS) onto the positive electrode, so the IL is adopted as a solubilizer to remove the precipitated l-PS from the positive electrode to promote additional electron transfer reactions. The ILs effectively dissolve l-PS and greatly improve the electrochemical performance by allowing greater utilization of l-PS, which results in a higher initial specific capacity, together with a moderate retention rate. The results presented here confirmed that the use of an IL as an additive is quite effective at enhancing the overall performance of the Li-S cell and this understanding will enable the construction of highly efficient Li-S batteries.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Rheology Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.141-144
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• 2002

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1535-1540
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• 2004

Six dry Holstein cows were used to evaluate the effect of dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration and particle size (PS) on chewing activity. Treatments were arranged in a 3$\times$3 factorial design; total mixed rations contained three NDF concentrations (26, 32, 38%) and three PS (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 cm). NDF levels and particle sizes of diets were adjusted by formulating rate and cutting length of alfalfa hay and rice straw. Cows were fed twice daily at 90% of ad libitum feed intake throughout the experiment. Chewing activity was positively associated with NDF concentration, but not significantly affected by PS of diet. Eating time per unit of NDF intake was affected by PS rather than NDF concentration of diet. Time spent ruminating per unit DM or NDF intake increased with increasing NDF concentration of diet, but was not affected by PS. As the PS of diet increased, the eating time per day increased, but the rumination time decreased. In addition, as the number of rumination bolues decreased the rumination duration increased as well as the chews per bolus. The regression equation induced from relationships of NDF concentrations (NDF, %) and particle sizes (PS, cm) of diet on roughage value index (RVI, min of chewing time/kg DMI) was as follows. RVI=-19.672+1.44$\times$NDF+5.196$\times$PS, ($R^{2}$=0.81).

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.499-506
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• 1992

Copolymer of Styrene and GMA(glycidyl methachylate), having reactive ratios of $r_1=0.53$, $r_2=0.44$, was synthesized in dioxane using AIBN as free radical initiator. Followed by the reaction of ethylene diamine with copolymer PGS, amine groups were introduced to the PGS(NPGS). The composition of copolymer was determined by elemental analyzer. Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) was obtained in benzene using AIBN as free radical initiator. The NPGS-PGMA blend of 50/50 composition was prepared by mixing these polymers in THF at $65^{\circ}C$. Glass transition temperature (Tg) of NPGS-PGMA blend was measured by DSC. The blend showed a single Tg. Accordingly, it was clear that the NPGS was compatible with PGMA. An intermolecular reaction between amine groups of NPGS and epoxy groups of PGMA imparts compatibility in the NPGS-PGMA blend. When the NPGS-PGMA blend was added to the incompatible PS-PGMA blend, PS-PGMA blend showed Tg change. Scanning Electron Micrograph(SEM) showed a fine morphology in this blend. Consequently, it was apparent that the NPGS-PGMA blend acted as a compatibilizer for the PS-PGMA blend.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.149-171
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• 2002

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, which is pathologically characterized by neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles associated with the acetylcholinesterase, apolipoprotein E and butylcholinesterase, and by mutations in the presenilin genes PS1 and PS2, and amyloid precursor proteins (APPs)'s overexpression. The present research is to examine the inhibitory effect of CWBD on PS1, PS2 and APPs's overexpression detected by Western blotting. To verify further the effects of CWBD on cognitive deficits, we tested it on the scopolamine(1mg/kg)-induced amnesia model of the mice using the Morris water maze tests, and there were ameliorative effects on memory impairment as a protection from scopolamine. CWBD only partially blocked the increase in blood serum level of acetylcholinesterase and Uric acid induced by scopolamine, whereas blood glucose level was shown to attenuate the amnesia induced by scopolamine and increased extracellular serum level. In conclusion, studies of CWBD that has been known as anti-choline and inhibitory ablilities of APPs's overexpression could also be used further as a important research data for a preventive and promising symptomatic treatment for Alzheimer's disease.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.205-212
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• 2000

The true-lPN's based on silicone rubber(SR)rrubbery polymer) and polystyrenc(PS)(glass polymer) were prepared by using the sequential IP!\' method_ The characteristic of permeability of oxygen/nitrogen was investigated with the control of the amount of PSOO-70 wt%) in the true-lPN, As a results of fTlR and N1Vm. the SRIPS membrane was synthesised successfully with the IPN synthetic method, Thermal analysis resulls indicated that the degree of mixing of IPN increased with increase of the amount of PS in the IPN. Regarding the characteristic of gas permeability, the membrane showed a trend of decrease in oxygen permeability as the PS content increased, The oxygen permeability of membrane having 50 wt% of PS. however, increased momentarily, Selectivity, meanwhile, increased slightly as the contents of I'S increased. However, the maximum value of oxygen selectivity, which is 20.6% enhanced Value, was obtained with the membrane containing 50 wt% of PS. This can be explained that the behavior of lPN, i.e. mutual assistance, is pronounced in the membrane having 50 wt% of PS.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.27-35
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• 1985

This study was carried out to determine the optimum size and number of farm machines for various sizes of land coverage of the cooperative farm machinery utilization systems in Korea-namely Saemaul Mechanized Farming Group (SMFG). Fifty-one SMFG were selected from 8 counties in Chonnam province, and ownership, operation and management of farm machinery were surveyed. Annual covered area, cost and the break-even-point area of farm machinery were analyzed on the bases of the surveyed data and the present governmental subsidy policy, and then the optimum level of farm machinery ownership was determined. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The break-even-point areas of the tractors of 22-23ps, 28ps and 47-50ps were estimated as 12.1ha, 15.3ha and 21.6ha, respectively. The optimum size of a tractor for land sizes of 10-20ha, 20-30ha, and 30-40ha were estimated as 22-23ps, 28ps, and 47-50ps, respectively. 2. The break-even-point area of a rice transplanter was estimated as 3.3ha. The optimum numbers of rice transplanter for land sizes of 10-20ha, 20-30ha, and 30-40ha were estimated as 2,3, and 4, respectively. 3. The break-even-point areas of a speed sprayer (attached on power tiller) and a power sprayer were estimated as 114.6ha and 15.3ha, respectively. The optimum numbers of power sprayer for land sizes of 10-20ha, 20-30ha, and 30-40ha were estimated as 2,3 and 4, respectively. A speed sprayer is desirable for an area of more than 30ha coverage. 4. The break-even-point area of a combine was estimated as 10.7ha. The optimum numbers of combine for land sizes of 10-20ha, 20-30ha, and 30-40ha were estimated as 1,2, and 3, respectively.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.369-374
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• 2015

In this paper, an EM sensing based prestressing force estimation method is proposed, in which it can estimate tensile force of PS tendon for PSC girder. The PSC girder has more improved performance than the general concrete girder by introducing the prestressing to the concrete. Thus the PSC girder bridge is widely constructed due to its high performance and low cost. However, the prestressing force has not been managed nevertheless it is major factor for the maintenance of the PSC girder bridge. The prestressing force was just measured during construction using jacking device and after that, it can not be managed. For this reason, this paper proposes a tensile force estimation method of PS tendon based on EM sensor. The permeability of ferroelectric material is changed according to the induced stress to the material, in which it can be measured using EM sensor. To measure the permeability of PS tendon, the EM sensor was fabricated and verified by performing the MTS test. The test was performed using 7-wire steel tendon under the 0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200 KN of tensile force. The permeability of PS tendon was gradually decreased according to the increasement of tensile force. The regression method was used to find the relation between permeability and stress. As a result, the permeability has linear relation with the tensile force of PS tendon and the pre-stressing force can be estimated by the derived estimation equation.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.07c
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• pp.1661-1663
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• 2004

The effect of the triblock copolymer poly[styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene](SEBS) on the formation of space charge of immiscible low density polyethylene/polystyrene(LDPE/PS) blends was investigated. The amount of charge accumulated in the 70/30(wt%) LDPE/PS blends decreased when the SEBS content increased up to 10 wt%. For compatibilzed and uncompatibilized blend, morphological observation showed that the addition of SEBS results in the domain size reduction of the dispersed PS phase and a better interfacial adhesion between LDPE and PS phases. The location of SEBS at a domain interface enables charges to migrate from one phase to the other via domain interface and therefore, results in a significant decrease in the amount of space charge for the LDPE/PS blends with SEBS.