• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2017

At the present, fish farms are suffering a lot of economic losses due to infectious diseases caused by various pathogens including aeromonad. Aeromonad is ubiquitous bacteria that causes infectious diseases. At least 26 species in the genus Aeromonas have been reported to cause fatal infections not only in salmonid fishes, but also in other freshwater and seawater fishes. Molecular techniques based on nucleic acid sequences of 16S rDNA and housekeeping genes can be used to identify the Aeromonas species. In this study, The genus Aeromonas was isolated from salmonid fishes of sixteen fish farms in Gangwon-Do, Korea and phylogenetically identified based on the sequences of 16S rDNA and housekeeping genes for Aeromonad, i.e. RNA polymerase sigma factor ${\sigma}^{70}$ (rpoD) or DNA gyrase subunit B (gyrB). Consequently, 96 strains were collected from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), masou salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and 36 isolates were identified as the genus Aeromonas by 16S rDNA analysis. Thirty six Aeromonad isolates were further analysed based on rpoD or gyrB gene sequences and found Aeromonas salmonicida (24 isolates), A. sobria (10 isolates), A. media (1 isolates) and A. popoffii (1 isolates), indicating that A. salmonicida is a main infectious bacteria in Salmonid fishes in Gangwon-Do. It was also proved that the phylogenetic identification of Aeromonas species based on the sequences of housekeeping gene is more precise than the 16S rDNA sequence.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 2014

In this paper the spectra of correlated color temperature (CCT) tunable white light-emitting diode (LED) luminaires, consisting of commercial red, green, blue, and amber LED chips, were optimized to increase color rendering index (CRI), and a special CRI of R9 for deep red color was obtained. To improve the design's accuracy, measured LED spectra were used instead of mathematically modeled ones. Real CCT tunable LED luminaires with CRIs of 87-90 and R9s of 34-93 were fabricated and demonstrated at CCTs of 3000-6000 K.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 2017

The human skin is an ecosystem that provides habitat to various microorganisms. These comprise the skin microbiome and provide numerous benefits in addition to maintaining a symbiotic relation with the host. Various metabolites generated by the skin microbiome exert beneficial effects such as strengthening the skin barrier, and anti-aging and anti-inflammatory functions. In this study, we isolated a novel bacterium, designated Sporichthyacae strain K-07, from the human skin. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the newly found bacterium shares 93.4% homology with the genus Sporichthya, thus corroborating the discovery of a novel genus. We further analyzed the effect of the novel strain in vitro, by treating HaCaT cells with bacterial metabolite products. Treatment resulted in changes in the mRNA expression levels of filaggrin, claudin1, claudin4, SMase, CERS3, HAS3, aquaporin3, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, TSLP, and TARC. Specifically, the levels of filaggrin, claudin1, claudin4, SMase, CERS3, HAS3, and aquaporin3 were higher in strain K-07 metabolite product-treated cells than in control cells. These results showed that metabolite products of the novel strain K-07 enhanced the skin barrier and exert anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, these metabolite products could be potentially used for treatment of skin conditions.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.307-314
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• 2008

To explore the optimal conditions for the removal of $H_{2}S$ gas by biofiltration, various conditions, including inlet $H_{2}S$ concentration, flow rate, moisture, and cell number, were examined. Heterotrophic bacteria were isolated from the compost of the animal excreta. A strain that effectively removed $H_{2}S$ was selected and identified as Rhodococcus rhodochrous B261 by analysis of its 16S rDNA sequence. A cell number of $10^{7}\;cfu/g^{-}compost$ was sufficient to dominate the microbiota, and an effective removal was observed at $H_{2}S$ gas concentrations below 220 mg/L. The moisture content of 33-38% was suitable for activation of the microbial activity and delaying the desiccation. Higher flow rates resulted in lower removal rates of the $H_{2}S$ gas. Under the conditions of $10^7\;cfu/g^{-}compost$, $H_{2}S$ gas concentrations of 220 mg/L, and moisture content of 33-38%, the inlet $H_{2}S$ gas concentrations of 120 and 400 mg/L were completely removed for 34 and 12 days, respectively. The amount of sulfur removed was $2.99{\times}10^{-9}H_{2}S-S/cell$, which was suggested as the amount of sulfur removed by a single cell. The biofilter consisting of the compost and R. rhodochrous B261 could be suitable for a long-term biofilteration for the removal of $H_{2}S$ and other malodorous compounds.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.153-157
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• 2008

Maca (Lepidium meyenii) has been used as a food and medicine in Peru for thousands of years. More recently a wide array of commercial maca products have gained popularity as dietary supplements with claims of anabolic and aphrodisiac effects. Even though the biologically active principles of maca are not fully known, the lipidic extract of maca tubers containing macamides showed promising physiological activities. In this study, the lipidic extract were collected from maca tubers by using supercritical carbon dioxide ($SCO_2$). Substance estimated as macamide in the extract was isolated and purified by preparative HPLC with recycling system. Two of the purified substance was identified as N-benzyl-5-oxo-6E,8E-octadecadienamide and N-benzylhexadecan amide by LC/MS, $^1H$-NMR and $^{13}C$-NMR analyses.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.195-201
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• 2005

The $SnS_2,\;SnS_2:Cd$, and $SnS_2:Sb$ single crystals were grown by the chemical transport reaction method. The indirect optical energy band gap was found to be 2.348, 2.345, and 2.343 eV for the $SnS_2,\;SnS_2:Cd$, and $SnS_2:Sb$ single crystals, at 6 K respectively. The direct optical energy band gap was found to be 2.511, 2.505, and 2.503 eV f3r the $SnS_2,\;SnS_2:Cd$, and $SnS_2:Sb$ single crystals, at 6 K respectively The temperature dependence of the optical energy band gap was well fitted by the Varshni equation. Two photoluminescence emission peaks with the peak energy of 2.214 and 1.792 eV for $SnS_2$, 2.214 and 1.837 eV for $SnS_2:Cd$, and 2.214 and 1.818 eV the $SnS_2:Sb$ were observed. The emission peaks were described as originating from the donor-acceptor pair recombinations.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.569-583
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• 1995

Background: The expression of the adhesion molecules on the cell surface is important in the movement of cells and the modulation of immune response. DILD starts as an alveolitis and progresses to pulmonary fibrosis. So adhesion molecules in these patients is expected to be increased. There are several reports about adhesion molecules in DILD in terms of the percentage of positive cells in immuno-stain, in which the interpretation is subjective and the data were variable. Methods: So we measured the relative median fluorescence intensity(RMFI) which is the ratio of the FI emitted by bound primary monoclonal antibody to FI emitted by isotypic control antibody of the cells in BALF of 28 patients with DILD(IPF:10, collagen disease:7, sarcoidosis:9, hypersensitivity pneumonitis:2) and 9 healthy control. Results: RMFI of the ICAM-1 on AM($3.30{\pm}1.16$) and lymphocyte($5.39{\pm}.70$) of DILD were increased significantly than normal control($0.93{\pm}0.18$, $1.06{\pm}0.21$, respectively, p=0.001, P=0.003). RMFI of the CD18 on lymphocyte was also higher($24.9{\pm}14.9$) than normal($4.59{\pm}3.77$, p=0.0023). And there was a correlation between RMFI of ICAM on AM and the % of AM(r=-0.66, p=0.0001) and lymphocyte(r=0.447, p=0.0116) in BALF. Also RMFI of ICAM on lymphocyte had a significant (r=0.593, p=0.075) correlation with the % of IL-2R(+) lymphocyte in BALF. The soluble ICAM(sICAM) in serum was also significantly elevated in DILD($499.7{\pm}222.2\;ng/ml$) compred to normal($199.0{\pm}38.9$) (p=0.00097) and sICAM in BAL fluid was also significantly higher than normal control group($41.8{\pm}23.0\;ng/ml$ vs $20.1{\pm}13.6\;ng/ml$). There was a Significant correlation between sICAM level in serum and the expression of ICAM-l on AM(r=0.554, p=0.0259).Conclusion: These data suggest that in DILD the expression of adhesion molecules is increased in the AM and BAL lymphocytes with elevated serum sICAM, and these parameter may be useful in determining disease activity.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.421-427
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• 2016

Acne is known as the most common skin disease. It commonly occurs during adolescents, but it is also present in children and adults because of air pollution, drug abuse and so on. In addition to the hormonal, genetic and environmental factors, Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) have also critical roles in outbreak of acne by inducing inflammatory mediators. Increase of sebum production provides an ideal environment for P. acnes that induce inflammation on the skin by activation of monocytic cells and stimulation of inflammatory cytokines. In this study, natural extracts were investigated for anti-inflammatory effects against inflammatory acne by P. acnes infection in terms of reducing cytokine production. Eucalyptus globulus extracts effectively suppressed mRNA synthesis of inflammatory mediators such as $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-2, and NLRP3 in P. acnes-activated macrophages. Moreover, Eucalyptus globulus extracts inhibit activation of transcription factors, $NF-{\kappa}B$ and NFAT, which are known as key regulators of inflammatory cytokine production. This study suggests the potential of using Eucalyptus globulus extracts as alternative agents for the treatment of acne.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.70-78
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was aimed at examining the effects of the application of EA (electroacupuncture) at GV20 and LI4 in the early cerebral ischemia on the size of cerebral infarction, COX-2 and IL-6. Methods : For this experiment, 21, six-week-old male S-D (Sprague - Dawley) rats weighting 160g to 200g were selected and randomly classified into 3 groups, seven rats in each group. Brain ischemia was simulated using a modified Koizumi method which was performed on each rat. In the GV20 group, the GV20 of the SD rats was stimulated for thirty minutes with acupunctural electrode low frequency stimulator five hours after inducement of ischemia. For the LI4 group, the LI4 was stimulated as above, while for the Ischemia group, no stimulation was applied. Twenty-four hours after the experiment, stained cerebral tissues were examined and an immuno-histological test was done to examine inflammatory reaction Results : Out of the three groups, the LI4 group showed the smallest size of cerebral infarction and the Ischemia group showed the highest COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) expression value in the cortex of the cerebrum. In addition, the LI4 group showed the lowest COX-2 expression value in unknown putamen out of the three groups. Conclusions : We infer that EA, applied at LI4 and GV20 in early ischemia, is effective in delaying the expression of IL-6 (interleukin-6) and COX-2, the inflammatory agents manifested from stroke. In addition, application at LI4, rather than GV20, can lower the expression value of the inflammatory agents. Further, EA can be an effective way to block early inflammatory reaction in stroke.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.375-381
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• 1992

In this study we have synthesized two spiro orthocarbonates, which can be polymerized with volume expansion, and determined their crystal structures. The crystal data are as follows; 3,4,10,11-Di(9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracenyl)- 1,6,8,13-tetraoxa-6.6-tridecane 5: a = 16.898 (1), b = 9.299 (1), c = 24.359 (2) ${\AA}$, $\beta$ = 123.73 $(7)^{\circ}$, space group P21/c and R = 0.073 for 2954 reflections; compound 8: a = 15.244 (4), b = 15.293 (3), c = 10.772 (3) $\AA$, ${\beta}$ = 99.45 $(2)^{\circ}$, space group P21/c and R = 0.082 for 2346 reflections. The seven-membered rings of compound 5 are chair forms and all the six-membered rings are boat shaped. For a six-membered spiro orthocarbonate, 3,9-Di(9-fluorenylidenyl)-1,4,6,9-tetraoxa-5,5-und ecane 8, fluorene groups [C(1) atom through C(13) atom] are planar within ${\pm}0.09{\AA}$ and the six-membered rings have chair conformations. The whole molecule has pseudo-C2 symmetry. The water molecules in the crystal are linked with each other through the hydrogen bond with distance of 2.790 (20) ${\AA}$.