• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.153-165
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• 2019

Objective : Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a very serious health problem, usually caused by a trauma and accompanied by elevated levels of inflammation indicators. Stem cell-based therapy is promising some valuable strategies for its functional recovery. Nestin-positive progenitor and/or stem cells (SC) isolated from pancreatic islets (PI) show mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) characteristics. For this reason, we aimed to analyze the effects of rat pancreatic islet derived stem cell (rPI-SC) delivery on functional recovery, as well as the levels of inflammation factors following SCI. Methods : rPI-SCs were isolated, cultured and their MSC characteristics were determined through flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analysis. The experimental rat population was divided into three groups : 1) laminectomy & trauma, 2) laminectomy & trauma & phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and 3) laminectomy+trauma+SCs. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) labelled rPI-SCs were transplanted into the injured rat spinal cord. Their motilities were evaluated with Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) Score. After 4-weeks, spinal cord sections were analyzed for GFP labeled SCs and stained for vimentin, $S100{\beta}$, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proinflammatory (interleukin [IL]-6, transforming growth factor $[TGF]-{\beta}$, macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-2, myeloperoxidase [MPO]) and anti-inflammatory (IL-1 receptor antagonis) factors. Results : rPI-SCs were revealed to display MSC characteristics and express neural and glial cell markers including BDNF, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), fibronectin, microtubule associated protein-2a,b (MAP2a,b), ${\beta}3$-tubulin and nestin as well as anti-inflammatory prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP3. The BBB scores showed significant motor recovery in group 3. GFP-labelled cells were localized on the injury site. In addition, decreased proinflammatory factor levels and increased intensity of anti-inflammatory factors were determined. Conclusion : Transplantation of PI-SCs might be an effective strategy to improve functional recovery following spinal cord trauma.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.115-123
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• 1996

Methanolic aqueous extracts of 100 plants were screened for antioxidative activity using Fenton's reagen/ethyl linoeate system and free radical scavenging activity using DPPH free radical generating system. The results suggest that at least six plants including Eugenia caryophyllata, Alpinia offiicinarum, Rhus verniciflua, Curcuma longa, Rheum palmatvm and Evodia officinalis may be the potential sources of antioxidant, But only one plant, Cornus officinalis, may be the potential source of free radical scavenger from natural plants.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.700-718
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• 2003

Fructan, a polysaccharide existing in plants or produced by microorganisms, is a sugar polymer of fructose with $\beta$-2,6 linkages. In this study, we investigated some cosmeceutical properties of Fructan such as moisturizing effect, cell proliferation effect, anti-inflammation effect and cell cytotoxicity. Zymomonas mobilis, a microorganism producing Fructan, was cultured in a medium containing 10％ sucrose and 2％ yeast extract as main components for 24 hours at 37$^{\circ}C$ and pH 7. Fructan was obtained by precipitation from the cultured medium by adding alcohol (alcohol ratio of 1:3) after removing the enzyme by centrifuging. Fructan exhibited almost same moisturizing effect as hyaluronic acid and cell proliferation effect on human fibroblast and keratinocyte as well. Moreover, on cell proliferation test on bio-artificial skin constructed by 3-dimensional(3-D) culture after inducing primary skin inflammation with 0.5％ sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), the 3-D artificial skin treated with 0.01 mg/ml, 0.05mg/ml of Fructan exhibited higher cell proliferation than the 3-D artificial skin treated with SLS only. On anti-inflammation test on 3-D artificial skin evaluated by measuring secreted quantity of interleukin-1$\alpha$ (IL-1$\alpha$) which is a pre-inflammatory mediator induced by SLS, the quantity of IL-1$\alpha$on the 3-D artificial skin treated with 0.01 mg/ml, 0.05mg/ml of Fructan was less than the one on the 3-D artificial skin treated with SLS only. As a result of these studies, Fructan has anti-inflammation effect against inflammatory reaction by a skin irritant as well as cell proliferation effect in bio-artificial skin. Fructan was also evaluated as a safe material without any toxicity in safety tests using fibroblasts and animals.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.44 no.2 s.138
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• pp.117-125
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• 2006

Genetic diversity of 18 Acanthamoeba isolates from ocean sediments was evaluated by comparing mitochondrial (mt) DNA RFLP, 18S rDNA sequences and by examining their cytopathic effects on human corneal epithelial cells versus reference strains. All isolates belonged to morphologic group II. Total of 16 restriction phenotypes of mtDNA from 18 isolates demonstrated the genetic diversity of Acanthamoeba in ocean sediments. Phylogenetic analysis using 18s rDNA sequences revealed that the 18 isolates were distinct from morphological groups I and III. Fifteen isolates showed close relatedness with 17 clinical isolates and A. castellanii Castellani and formed a lineage equivalent to T4 genotype of Byers' group. Two reference strains from ocean sediment, A. hatchetti BH-2 and A. griffini S-7 clustered unequivocally with these 15 isolates. Diversity among isolates was also evident from their cytopathic effects on human corneal cells. This is the first time describing Acanthamoeba diversity in ocean sediments in Korea.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.353-362
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• 2005

We performed a new high-resolution spectroscopy of AG Vir for 4 nights from 25 March 2004 using the BOES (Bohyunsan Optical Echelle Spectrograph) attached to the 1.8-m reflector at Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory, and obtained a total of 59 spectra where all orbital phases are covered. To get the radial velocities of the binary system, both method of the CCF (Cross-Co..elation Function)and the BF (Broadening Function) were applied to the analysis of all the observed spectra. From these, the CCF could calculate the radial velocities of the primary star alone, while the BF could determine those of the primary and the secondary components. New absolute dimensions were deduced with the combination of our spectroscopic orbital elements ($K_1=90.5km/s$와 $K_2=258.8$) and the photometric solutions of Bell, Rainger, & Hilditch (1990): $A_1,=1.99M_\bigodot,\;M_2=0.62M_\bigodot,\;R_1=2.21R_\bigodot,\;R_2=1.36R_\bigodot,\;L_1=13.17L_\bigodot,\;and\;L_2=3.47L_\bigodot$. Our absolute parameters are larger and brighter than those derived from Bell, Rainger, & Hilditch (1990). We re-analyzed all the previous radial-velocity curves of AG Vir and, as a result, can see that its system velocity scatters largely up to ${\pm}8km/s$. However, we, at present, cannot determine this as the light-time effect due to the third body, which was suggested as a cause of the orbital period changes by Qian (2001).

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.91-95
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• 1998

Cellulase producing microorganisms, GPC-1, GPC-2, GNR-1 GNR-2, and GNR-3, were screened from the Rumen fluid of Korean Native Cattle. Isolated GPC-1 and GPC-2 were identified as Ruminococcus sp. according to results of the Gram stain and anaerobic characteristics. Based on morphological and physicochemical identification, the isolate GPC-1 and GPC-2 were identified as strains of Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, respectively. Isolated GNR-1 GNR-2 and GNR-3 were identified as Bacteroides sp., Butyrivibrio sp. and Clostridium sp. according to results of the Gram stain, $H_2S$ producition and spore formation, respectively. Based on morphological and physicochemical identification, the isolate GNR-1 GNR-2 and GNR-3 were identified as strains of Bacteroides succinogenes, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Clostridium cellobioparum, respectively.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.173-179
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• 2003

This study was established to control the overgrowth of cucumber and tomato plug seedlings by controlling of irradiation timings light intensities of red (R) light. Compared with the control, end-of-day (EOD) timing of R irradiation significantly reduced the seeding heights by 21.3% and 14.2% in cucumber and tomato, respectively. In addition, both plant seedlings treated with R light at EOD timing had the thickest stem diameter. Tomato seedlings treated with R light at EOD showed th highest chlorophyll content and the smallest leaf size. Dry weights of above ground plant tissue in both plant seedlings were significantly reduced by EOD R light treatment. And both plant seedlings treated with EOD treatment had the lowest T/R ratio, and the highest compactness rates. The increased intensities of R light resulted in the shorter plant heights in cucumber and tomato plant seedlings. It also reduced the length of hypocotyls and internodes and the size of leaves in the both seedlings. Elevated R light intensities tended to increase the stem diameter and chlorophyll contents. Dry weights of above ground plant tissue and roots in both plant seedlings were reduced by the elevated R irradiation. Cucumber seedlings treated with 2 and 8 $mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ and tomato seedlings treated with 8 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ had significantly lower T/R ratio the other treatments tested.

• Korean small business review
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.75-96
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• 2019

This study used age, education, major, working period as CEO's characteristics and examine relationship between these characteristics and R&D Investment. Furthermore this study examined how CEO should react in terms of R&D investment, which is effected by CEO's characteristic in the market. The empirical results are following. (1) When CEO's age are young, they spend much money for R&D investment. And R&D investment which is determined by young CEO has a positive effect on relation of firm value. (2) A higher educational background has a positive effect on R&D investment and will create higher firm value. (3) When CEO's major is competitive in the same industry, it has a positive relationship with R&D investment and its firm value is bigger than though. (4) When CEO working period is long, they showed active to R&D investment. On the other hand, the firm value decreased. This study focused on analyzing the relationship between characteristics of CEO and R&D Investment, furthermore, how R&D investment which effected by CEO's characteristic is contributing in creating the firm value. This results indicate that CEO's characteristics reflect R&D investment and value of venture business. Therefore, CEO's characteristics should be considered financial information and firm value in the market.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.457-467
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• 2013

A quick and simple method for simultaneous determination of the 30 ginsenosides (ginsenoside Ro, Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, 20(S)-Rg2, 20(R)-Rg2, 20(S)-Rg3, 20(R)-Rg3, 20(S)-Rh1, 20(S)-Rh2, 20(R)-Rh2, F1, F2, F4, Ra1, Rg6, Rh4, Rk3, Rg5, Rk1, Rb3, Rk2, Rh3, compound Y, compound K, and notoginsenoside R1) in Panax ginseng preparations was developed and validated by an ultra performance liquid chromatography photo diode array detector. The separation of the 30 ginsenosides was efficiently undertaken on the Acquity BEH C-18 column with gradient elution with phosphoric acids. Especially the chromatogram of the ginsenoside Ro was dramatically enhanced by adding phosphoric acid. Under optimized conditions, the detection limits were 0.4 to 1.7 mg/L and the calibration curves of the peak areas for the 30 ginsenosides were linear over three orders of magnitude with a correlation coefficients greater than 0.999. The accuracy of the method was tested by a recovery measurement of the spiked samples which yielded good results of 89% to 118%. From these overall results, the proposed method may be helpful in the development and quality of P. ginseng preparations because of its wide range of applications due to the simultaneous analysis of many kinds of ginsenosides.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.801-809
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• 2002

CSBHT is known to improve immunological response in mice and humans. In this study, CSBHT effect was examined in the context of CD4+ T cells' survival and TCR/CD3 induced activation responses. Spleen cells from 8 week BALB/c mice were cultured in CSBHT containing medium without activation for 24, 48 hr. The MTS assay and revealed that CSBHT did not stimulate spleen lymphocytes as mitogen. Spleen lymphocytes were treated with anti-CD3e/anti-CD28 antibodies for 48hr. Flow cytometry revealed that activity of T cell decreased with CSBHT concentration. CD4+ T cells were isolated and cultured ,in CSBHT containing medium for 48 hr. CSBHT did not affect survival of sorted CD4+ T cells without any involvement of APC. In order to evaluate the direct effect of CSBHT on helper T cells's proliferative capacity prior to activation, CD4+ T cells are isolated after 24hr of culture in CSBHT containing medium and activated with and without anti-CD3e/anti-CD28 activation for 48hr. A higher level of CD69 was observed in 1 ㎍/㎖ of CSBHT treatment than control using flow cytometry. But low CD69 expression was observed in 5㎍/㎖ of CSBHT treatment. Expression of mRNA for cytokines in CD4+ T cell revealed that IL-2 expression was increased in 1 ㎍/㎖. The expression of IL-2R α, INF- γ were increased with concentration. On the other hand mRNA of IL-4 was decreased in dose dependent manner. Results suggest that CSBHT may be desirable for CD4+ T cell's activity in immune responses. Further more, CSBHT may relatively activate Th1 and inactivate Th2.