• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.114-120
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• 2021

Background The pedicled anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap has become more popular for the reconstruction of soft-tissue defects in neighboring areas. Nonetheless, few studies in the literature have explored the use of this flap for trochanteric ulcer reconstruction. The aim of our study is to present the author's experience of utilizing the ALT flap, with a focus on technical elements regarding the flap design and the tunneling method to maximize the reach of the flap. Methods The medical records of patients who received pedicled ALT flaps for the reconstruction of trochanteric pressure sores were retrospectively reviewed. The patients' demographic data, operative details, and postoperative complications were evaluated. Results Between October 2018 and December 2019, 10 consecutive patients (age range, 13-45 years) underwent 11 pedicled ALT myocutaneous flaps for trochanteric pressure sore reconstruction. Each flap was designed around the most distal cutaneous perforator that was included in the proximal third of the skin paddle. The flaps ranged in size from 11×6 to 14×8 cm. The ALT flap was transposed through a lateral subcutaneous tunnel in five patients, while the open tunnel technique was used in six patients. All flaps survived, and no vascular compromise was observed. Conclusions The pedicled ALT flap is a safe and reliable option for reconstructing trochanteric pressure sores. An appropriate flap design and a good choice of the tunneling method are crucial for successful flap transposition.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2001

2몰% 에틸가지를 포함하는 에틸 가지화 폴리에틸렌[(PE(2)]과 에틸렌-프로필렌 몰비가 50:50으로 같지만 입체규칙성이 서로 다른 랜덤-에틸렌-프로필렌 고무(r-EPR), 교호-에틸렌-프로필렌 고무(alt-EPR) 및 이소탁틱-교호-에틸렌-프로필렌 고무(iso-alt-EPR)를 에틸렌-프로필렌 고무의 입체규칙성에 대한 혼화성과 물성의 차이를 조사하기 위하여 혼합하였다. 이 세가지 블렌드들은 상온에서 상호간에 혼화성이 없었고, 밀도 측정에서 단순한 첨가 효과를 보여 주었다. 블렌드 조성에 따른 폴리에틸렌의 녹는점 감소는 PE(2)/r-EPR>PE(2)/alt-EPR>PE(2)/iso-alt-EPR의 순서로 증가하였다. 인장시험에서 이 블렌드계는 혼합 조성이 50:50 일때 가장 낯은 파난강도의 값을 보여 주어 이 블렌드 조성에서 두 고분자 상(phase)이 가장 분리된 형태학(morphology)을 가지고 있음을 알았다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.4425-4433
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• 2011

본 연구는 20~30대 초기 성인기 남성에서 체질량지수, 흡연량 및 음주량과 혈액검사치의 관련성을 알아보기 위하여 탐색적 후향 연구로 시도되었다. 연구대상자는 서울시내 일개 상급종합병원에서 2006년 10월부터 2011년 6월까지 임상시험 참여를 위해 일반건강검진을 받은 20~30대 남성 총 603명이었다. 연구결과 비만 그룹은 정상체중 그룹에 비해 적혈구수, 혈색소, 적혈구용적률, 중성지방, 요산, ALT가 유의하게 높았다. 흡연자는 비흡연자에 비해 백혈구수와 혈색소는 유의하게 높고 단백질은 유의하게 낮았으며, 10~19개비 흡연하는 사람은 비흡연자 및 10개비 미만 흡연자에 비해 혈소판은 유의하게 높고 알부민은 유의하게 낮았으며, 10~19개비 흡연하는 사람은 비흡연자에 비해 중성지방은 유의하게 높고 혈당은 유의하게 낮았다. 일일 10g 이상 음주자는 10g 미만 음주자 및 비음주자에 비해 AST와 ALT가 유의하게 높았다. 체질량지수는 적혈구수, 혈색소, 적혈구용적률, 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 혈당, 요산, AST, ALT 증가에 유의하게 영향을 미쳤으며, 흡연량은 백혈구수치, 혈색소, 적혈구용적률, 중성지방 증가에 유의하게 영향을 미쳤고, 혈당과 칼슘의 감소에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 음주량은 총콜레스테롤, AST, ALT 증가에 유의한 영향 요인이었으며, 백혈구수치 감소에 유의한 영향요인이었다. 결론적으로 20~30대 성인 남성의 혈색소, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, ALT 등의 혈액검사결과와 체질량지수, 흡연 및 음주 간에 유의한 관련이 있으므로 생활습관성 질환을 예방하기 위하여 초기 성인기부터 비만 예방, 금연 및 과음을 방지하는 건강생활 실천 활동을 수행해야 할 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.460-468
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• 2021

Objective : Extremely low alanine transaminase (ALT) levels are associated with all-cause mortality in frail elderly individuals; the clinical significance of ALT as a reliable biomarker is now being considered. Predicting mortality with routine tests at the time of diagnosis is important for managing patients after intracranial hemorrhage. We aimed to investigate whether an extremely low ALT level is associated with mortality in the elderly after intracranial hemorrhage. Methods : A retrospective review was performed on 455 patients with intracranial hemorrhage admitted to a university-affiliated tertiary care hospital from February 2014 to May 2019. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed for all ages and for each age group to determine whether an extremely low ALT level is an independent predictor of mortality only in the elderly. Results : Overall, 294 patients were enrolled, and the mean age of the subjects was 59.1 years, with 99 (33.8%) aged ≥65 years. The variables associated with all-cause mortality in all subjects were age, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, hemoglobin (Hb) levels (<11 g/dL), and initial Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores. In young patients, CRP, low Hb levels, and initial GCS scores were significantly associated with all-cause mortality. However, in the elderly (≥65 years), the variables significantly associated with all-cause mortality were extremely low levels of ALT (<10 U/L) (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.313; 95% confidence interval, 1.232-8.909; p=0.018) and initial GCS scores. Conclusion : Extremely low ALT level (<10 U/L) at the time of diagnosis is a significant risk factor for all-cause mortality in the elderly after intracranial hemorrhage.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.54-64
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• 2023

This case report describes skeletal anchorage-supported maxillary protraction performed with the Alternate Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Constriction (AltRAMEC) protocol over a treatment duration of 14 months in a 16-year-old female patient who was in the late growth-development period. Miniplates were applied to the patient's aperture piriformis area to apply force from the protraction appliance. After 9 weeks of following the Alt-RAMEC protocol, miniplates were used to transfer a unilateral 500-g protraction force to a Petit-type face mask. A significant improvement was observed in the soft tissue profile in measurements made both cephalometrically and in three dimensional photographs. Subsequently, the second phase of fixed orthodontic treatment was started and the treatment was completed with the retention phase. Following treatment completion, occlusion, smile esthetics, and soft tissue profile improved significantly in response to orthopedic and orthodontic treatment.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.127-142
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• 2019

This study investigates factors that impact dating relationship stability(DRS) among college students by applying two key concepts from the Interdependence Theory suggested by Kelly & Thibaut (1978; Thibaut & Kelly, 1959), the comparison level(CL) and comparison level for alternatives($CL_{alt}$). This study also examined mediating effects of commitment on the relationship between CL and DRS and $CL_{alt}$ and DRS. The research used a survey data set drawn from 327 college students currently involved in a dating relationship. The collected data set was then analyzed using SPSS software ver. 23.0 and AMOS software ver. 25.0, to produce the descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlations, and path analysis with bootstrapping. First, both CL and $CL_{alt}$ had a significant direct impact on DRS. In terms of effect size, CL's effect size was comparatively larger than $CL{_{alt}}'s$. The mediating effects from the commitment were evidenced. In the model, the commitment partially mediated the relationships between CL and DRS, and $CL_{alt}$ and DRS. The findings suggest that commitment still plays a key role in dating relationships among college students who currently have a romantic partner. The findings of this study show the possibilities in applying the concepts and theory of interdependence to explain current dating relationships among young adults.

• 생약학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2013

The results of the alcohol decomposition ability of Aronia melanocarpa are as follows. Plasma alcohol concentration of the Aronia group was ca. 48.9% lower than the control group, but half an hour faster in that of Aronia before alcohol group, ca. 54.9% higher and half an hour later than that of the control group. ALDH(acetaldehyde dehydrogenase) of the Aronia group was ca. 243% higher than that of the control group. But maximal ALDH of the group taking Aronia before alcohol administration showed 0.5h faster and ca. 267% higher than that of the control group. This result shows that the activity of ALDH was increased by the Aronia. Aronia group's AST and ALT are increasing with similar patterns and their levels continually under the control's, but ca. 12.6% lower at AST and ca. 19.0% lower at ALT than those of control group. Ca. 21.7% lower at AST and ca. 40.5% lower at ALT in the Aronia group before alcohol administration than those of the control group. This result shows that Aronia has a role of suppressor against the liver damage. Therefore, this study proved lucidly the protective effects of Aronia on the hepatocyte.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.116-121
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• 2001

A series of poly(1,4-phenylenevinylene-alt-3-alkyl-2,5-thienylenevinylene)s (alkyl = hexyl [PPV-alt-6-TV] and octyl (PPV-alt-8-TV] group) have been synthesized by the Heck coupling reaction. These polymers were characterized using $^1$H-NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TCA). They are solvent processible and have obviously copolymeric structure. The photophysical properties of the polymers were investigated using UV-visible and steady-state photoluminescence(PL) spectroscopy. We studied the change of light-emitting properties by incorporating the thiophene group into the PPV polymer backbone using alternating copolymer system. The properties of two synthesized polymers are very similar, but they exhibited apparent changes of light-emitting properties compared with other PPV backbone based polymers. The broad absorption bands from 350 to 570 nm are due to $\pi$-$\pi$* transitions of the polyconjugated systems. The absorption maxima of the two polymers were found at about 452 and 448 nm for PPV-alt-6-TV and PPV-alt-8-TV, respectively. The copolymers showed broad PL spectra between 550 and 700 nm without vibronic bands and PL emission maxima of PPV-alt-6-TV and PPV-alt-8-TV are about 620 and 605 nm, respectively. The copolymers exhibited the red emission (PPValt-6-TV), but more red shifted emissions are needed to obtain real red color.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2023

The Government the Republic of Korea is showing a lot of interest in net zero-energy buildings (NZEBs) to reduce energy consumption of buildings and to promote green growth policy in construction sector. The application of building passive technologies and renewable energies is essential to achieving NZEBs. Green remodeling reinforced the insulation of the exterior walls and roofs of the buildings and replaced high-efficiency windows and doors. In this study, the energy performance before and after green remodeling applied in a detached house was comparatively analyzed for baseline scenario and three different ones, ALT 1, ALT 2 and ALT 3. A building modeling and simulation software (DesignBuilder V7.0) with EnergyPlus (V9.4) calculation engine was used to calculate the energy demand and energy consumption for each scenario. Based on the calculation results of the building's energy demand for baseline, it was determined that the target building required more heating energy than cooling energy. The simulation results also showed that the implementation of building envelope performance improvement technologies (ALT 1) could notably decrease the heating energy consumption of the building. After the remodeling (ALT 1), the source energy consumption per unit floor area was assessed to be reduced by 65.2%, compared to prior remodeling of 338.7 kWh/m² -y. Meanwhile, ALT 2 can achieve energy savings of 67.7% and ALT 3 can achieve savings of 73.1%. Following completion of the remodeling project, actual construction costs, and on-site measurements and verification results will be gathered and compared with the simulation results. Additionally, economic analysis including construction costs and payback period will be conducted using actual site data.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.341-348
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• 1993

Automated system to analyze liver function test results is presented based on fuzzy logic knowledge. Clinician's knowledge and experience was first expressed in linguistic terms fol- lowed by conversion to numerical values to create membership functions of disease possibility for each test item and liver disease. Membership functions were then compensated for different relative importances of test items. Liver diseases considered were acute viral hepatitis (AVH), chronic persistent hepatitis(CPH), chronic active hepatitis(CAH), and liver cirrhosis(LC), Liver function test results of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate amino- transferase(AST) , glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH), ornithine carbamyltransferase(OCT) , ALT/AST, and 10* GDH/ALT in 218 patients were analyzed by the present system, welch resulted in 80% accuracy. AVH and CAH showed the highest 93 % and the lowest 58% ac- curacies, respectively, which was similar to the clinician's expectation. The simple mathemat- ical formulation of the present system would enable an easy implementation in commercial analysis instruments. Also, the identical fuzzy logic can be applied to similar diagnostic envi- ronments in general.