• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.132-140
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• 2020

Objectives: This research study aimed to determine the effect of Korean medicine treatments on a patient with lumbar disc herniation accompanying polycystic kidney disease. Methods: Acupuncture, herbal medicine, pharmacopuncture, spine decompression therapy, Motion Style Acupuncture Treatment (MSAT), and Chuna were preceded for treatment. We checked the patient's Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), numeric rating scale (NRS), and straight leg raise test (SLRT) on admission and discharge; we also used the NRS and SLRT to evaluate the patient's symptoms on every third day during the hospital stay. Because it is important to manage blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and blood pressure during the early stage of polycystic kidney disease, BUN and serum creatinine levels were checked weekly while blood pressure was checked every morning. Results: Twelve days after admission, the NRS for lower back pain and right leg pain decreased from 7 to 3 and from 7 to 2, respectively. The ODI value also decreased from 56 to 20 while the SLRT value increased from 30/70 to 60/70. The BUN and serum creatinine levels and the blood pressure readings were all within normal range every time they were checked. Conclusions: The use of Korean medicine treatments resulted in improvements in NRS, ODI, and SLRT on a patient with a herniated lumbar disc herniated who had a past history of polycystic kidney disease; thus, the patient was able to maintaining kidney functioning. Herbal medicine, an alternative method of analgesic anti-inflammatory drugs that has been evaluated as relatively safe on liver and kidney function, could be suggested on a patient with a past history of polycystic kidney disease to maintain kidney function when renal function and blood pressure are monitored.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.19-34
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• 1996

[ $[^{123}I]{\beta}$ ]-CIT [$2{\beta}$-carbomethoxy-$3{\beta}$-(4-iodophenyl)tropane]는 도파민 운반체 (dopamine transporter)에 특이결합하며 $[^{123}I]{\beta}$-CIT의 도파민 운반체 결합정도는 파킨슨병에서 도파민 뉴우런의 변성정도를 반영하는 것으로 제안되어 왔다. 이 연구의 주요 목적은 파킨슨병 환자에서 $[^{123}I]{\beta}$-CIT SPECT를 이용하여 측정된 $[^{123}I]{\beta}$-CIT의 선조체 결합지표들이 질병의 임상적 진행정도를 반영하는지를 검토하고, 간편화된 조직방사능비가 $[^{123}I]{\beta}$-CIT의 결합정도를 나타내는 정량적 지표로 이용될 수 있는지를 검증하는 것이었다. 파킨슨병 환자 30명($59{\pm}9$세, 평균${\pm}$표준편차: Hoehn-Yahr stage 1-3)과 정상인 6명 ($58{\pm}5$세)을 대상으로 $[^{123}I]{\beta}$-CIT SPECT 영상을 얻었다. $[^{123}I]{\beta}$-CIT 선조체 결합의 정량적 지표로서 (선조체 방사능-소뇌방사능)/소뇌방사능 비(specific binding ratio, SBR)와 추적자역학모델을 이용하여 측정한 선조체 결합능(binding potential)($k_3/k_4$)을 구하였다. 파킨슨병 환자에서 $[^{123}I]{\beta}$-CIT의 선조체 결합역학은 정상인에 비하여 현저하게 느렸으며 그 결합지표들은 정상인에 비하여 뚜렷하게 낮았다. 한편, 편측파킨슨병 환자에서 $[^{123}I]{\beta}$-CIT 결합은 증상 반대쪽 선조체 뿐만 아니라 같은 쪽 선조체에서도 정상인에 비해 유의하게 감소되어 있었다. 파킨슨병 환자에서 $[^{123}I]{\beta}$-CIT 투여 후 24시간의 선조체 SBR 및 최대 SBR, 선조체 결합능은 모두, 유병기간, Hoehn-Yahr stage, UPDRS(Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale) 총점, UPDRS 운동점수, UPDRS 일상활동점수와 유의한 상관관계를 나타내었다. 24시간 선조체 SBR과 최대 SBR은 선조체 결합능과 우수한 상관관계를 보였다. 이상의 결과로부터 $[^{123}I]{\beta}$-CIT의 선조체 결합은 파킨슨병의 진행정도를 나타내는 지표로 이용될 수 있다. 또 $[^{123}I]{\beta}$-CIT 투여 후 24시간 영상으로부터 얻은 간편화된 조직방사능 비는 $[^{123}I]{\beta}$-CIT의 결합정도를 정량적으로 반영한다. $[^{123}I]{\beta}$-CIT SPECT는 파킨슨병의 조기진단 및 진행 추적에 임상적으로 유용할 것으로 판단된다.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.299-314
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• 1996

The purpose of the present study was to validate the use of tissue radioactivity ratios instead of regional metabolic rates for the assessment of regional metabolic changes in Alzheimer's disease(AD) with [$^{18}F$]FDG PET and to examine the correlation of ratio indices with the severity of cognitive impairment in AD. Thirty-seven AD Patients(age $68{\pm}9 yrs$, $mean{\pm}s.d.$; 36 probable and 1 definite AD), 28 patients with dementia of non-Alzheimer type(age $66{\pm}7 yrs$), and 17 healthy controls(age $66{\pm}4 yrs$) underwent [$^{18}F$]FDG PET imaging. Two simplified radioactivity ratio indices were calculated from 37-66 min image: region-to-cerebellar radioactivity ratio(RCR) and a composite radioactivity ratio(a ratio of radioactivity in the most typically affected regions over the least typically affected regions: CRR). Local cerebral metabolic rate for glucose(LCMRglu) was also measured using a three-compartment, five-parameter tracer kinetic model. The ratio indices were significantly lower in AD patients than in controls(RCR in temporoparietal cortex, $0.949{\pm}0.136$ vs. $1.238{\pm}0.129$, p=0.0004; RCR in frontal cortex, $1.027{\pm}0.128$ vs. $1.361{\pm}0.151$, p<0.0001; CRR, $0.886{\pm}0.096$ vs. $1.032{\pm}0.042$. p=0.0024). On the RCR analysis, 86% of AD patients showed a pattern of bilateral temporoparietal hypometabolism with or without frontal involvement; hypometabolism was unilateral in 11% of the patients. When bilateral temporoparietal hypometabolism was considered to be suggestive of AD, the sensitivity and specificity of the RCR analysis for the differential diagnosis of AD were 86% and 73%, respectively. The RCR was correlated significantly with the macroparameter K [$K_1k_3/(k_2+k_3)$] (r=0.775, p<0.0001) and LCMRglu(r=0.633, p=0.0002) measured using the kinetic model. In patients with AD, both average RCR of cortical association areas and CRR were correlated with Mini-Mental Status Examination(r=0.565, p=0.0145; r=0.642, p=0.0031, respectively), Clinical Dementia Rating(r=-0.576, p=0.0124; r=-0.591, p=0.0077), and total score of Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (r=0.574, p=0.0648; r=0.737, p=0.0096). There were also significant correlations between memory and language impairments and corresponding regional RCRs. The results suggest that the [$^{18}F$]FDG PET ratio indices, RCR and CRR, reflect global and regional metabolic rates and correlate with the severity of cognitive impairment in AD. The simplified ratio analysis may be clinically useful for the differential diagnosis and serial monitoring of the disease.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2022

■Objectives This case study is to report the effectiveness of Korean medicine in Parkinsonism patient's treatment. ■Methods We used the acupuncture, electro-acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping therapy, herbal medicine, especially Palmulgunja-tang to the Parkinsonism patient with motor disorder such as Postural Instability and Gait Difficulty(PIGD) and aphonia. Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS), analysis of gait pattern, voice dB and self-evaluation of speed and volume were used to assess the change of symptoms. ■Results ‌After treatment, the UPDRS score decreased in overall category and the walking pattern has improved. In addition, the improvement was observed in voice volume and in self assessment of the patient. ■Conclusion This case suggests the effect of Korean medical treatment on motor disorder and aphonia in Parkinsonism.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2023

■Objectives This case study is to report the effects of Korean medicine on parkinsonism patient's Gait Disturbance. ■Methods During 12 days of hospitalization, the patient was treated by acupuncture, pharmaco-acupuncture, moxibustion, herbal medicine, especially Cheongsimyeonjatang-gamibang. In order to assess the change of symptoms, we used a 3-Dimensional(3D) gait analysis system, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS), analysis of gait video and self-evaluation of discomfort. ■Results After treatment, The improvements of walking pattern were observed in both objective analysis results of gait analysis system and subjective video analysis. And the UPDRS score decreased, especially Part III score decreased more than minimal clinically important difference(MCID). In addition, There was improvement in self assessment of the patient. ■Conclusion This study suggests that Korean medical treatment might be effective in motor disorder of parkinsonism patient.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.195-203
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• 2012

Recurrent aphthous ulcer(RAU) is the most frequent form of oral ulceration with a prevalence in the general population ranging between 5% and 60%. The peak age of onset is between 10 and 19 years of age, and it can persist into adulthood and throughout the patient's lifespan, with no gender predilection. The disease is characterized clinically into three types: minor aphthous ulcer, major aphthous ulcer and herpeticform ulcers. The cause of RAU is unknown and thought to be multifactorial with many triggers or precipitating factors that include familial tendency or genetic predisposition, allergy, medications, hormones, stress or anxiety, and immunologic abnormalities. The need for consideration of psychological factors in the pathogenesis of oral disease has been increasingly acknowledged over the last decades and many studies have highlighted the psycho-social impact of oral conditions. In this study, we tried to evaluate the influence of emotional stress in RAU. There were thirty patients with a clinical diagnosis of RAU and other subjects who did not show any signs of systemic disorders include RAU. They are evaluated by using modified Holmes and Rahe's Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS). As a result, a significantly higher level of stress was found in the RAU patients than the control group. Therefore it can be concluded that psychological stressors play an important role in the RAU.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.245-251
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• 2015

Alternative hosts increase the difficulty of disease management in crops because these alternate hosts provide additional sources of primary inoculum or refuges for diversity in the pathogen gene pool. Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass), Bromus inermis (smooth bromegrass), Pascopyrum smithii (western wheatgrass), Stipa viridula (green needlegrass), and Thinopyrum intermedium (intermediate wheatgrass), commonly identified in range, prairie, verge, and soil reclamation habitats, serve as additional hosts for Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, the cause of tan spot in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A. cristatum (five lines), B. inermis (seven lines), P. smithii (four lines), S. viridula (two lines), and T. intermedium (six lines) were tested for their reactions to 30 representative P. tritici-repentis isolates from races 1-5. Plants were grown until the two-three-leaf stage in a greenhouse, inoculated individually with the 30 isolates, held at high humidity for 24 h, and rated after 7 days. All lines developed lesion types 1-2 (resistant) based on a 1-5 rating scale. Also, leaves from an additional plant set were infiltrated with two host selective toxins, Ptr ToxA as a pure preparation and Ptr ToxB as a dilute crude culture filtrate. All lines were insensitive to the toxins. Results indicate that these grass hosts have a limited or nonsignificant role in tan spot epidemiology on wheat in the northern Great Plains. Additionally, the resistant reactions demonstrated by the grass species in this research indicate the presence of resistance genes that can be valuable to wheat breeding programs for improving wheat resistance to P. tritici-repentis.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.185-188
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• 2016

The $12^{th}$ rib syndrome is a disease that causes pain between the upper abdomen and the lower chest. It is assumed that the impinging on the nerves between the ribs causes pain in the lower chest, upper abdomen, and flank. A 74-year-old female patient visited a pain clinic complaining of pain in her back, and left chest wall at a 7 on the 0-10 Numeric Rating scale (NRS). She had a lateral fixation at T12-L2, 6 years earlier. After the operation, she had multiple osteoporotic compression fractures. When the spine was bent, the patient complained about a sharp pain in the left mid-axillary line and radiating pain toward the abdomen. On physical examination, the $10^{th}$ rib was not felt, and an image of the rib-cage confirmed that the left $10^{th}$ rib was severed. When applying pressure from the legs to the $9^{th}$ rib of the patient, pain was reproduced. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with $9^{th}$ rib syndrome, and ultrasound-guided $9^{th}$ and $10^{th}$ intercostal nerve blocks were performed around the tips of the severed $10^{th}$ rib. In addition, local anesthetics with triamcinolone were administered into the muscles beneath the $9^{th}$ rib at the point of the greatest tenderness. The patient's pain was reduced to NRS 2 point. In this case, it is suspected that the patient had a partial resection of the left $10^{th}$ rib in the past, and subsequent compression fractures at T8 and T9 led to the deformation of the rib cage, causing the tip of the remaining $10^{th}$ rib to impinge on the $9^{th}$ intercostal nerves, causing pain.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 2005

Cultural, morphological and pathogenic variation in Indian isolates of Ascochyta rabiei, the causal agent of blight of chickpea, was investigated. Fungal isolates representative of seven agroclimatic regions in north western plain zones (NWPZ) of India showed variation in colony colour as mouse gray with green hue, light mouse gray with slate gray centre and gray with dark brown centre, when grown on chickpea dextrose agar (CDA). Conidiomatal color of the isolates varied from brown to slate gray and black. The number of conidiomata and conidia formed on CDA ranged from 49.7 to 90.7 and $5.5\times10^4\;to\;3\times10^5cm^{-2}$, respectively. The size of conidiomata and conidia of A. rabiei isolates varied from $274\times232{\mu}m\;to\;156\times116{\mu}m$, and from $14.0\times6.2{\mu}m\;to\;10.7\times4.6{\mu}m$, respectively. Fourteen A. rabiei isolates from the seven agroclimatic regions of NWPZ were evaluated for their virulence on 180 chickpea genotypes in controlled environment. Cluster analysis based on the disease rating on a 1-9 scale indicated higher similarity coefficient (> 0.65) between isolates from different agroecological regions, while few isolates from the same region had less similarity. The 14 isolates were grouped into eight pathotypes at > 0.5 similarity coefficient. Sixteen genotypes were identified as probable differentials to distinguish A. rabiei isolates.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.81-86
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• 2014

One of the methods for Parkinson's disease(PD) tremor evaluation is the Clinical Tremor Rating Scale(CTRS). However, the method has some limitations that clinician ratings can vary because the scores are subjectively rated. In addition, most researches usually collected data measured on the more affected arm. In this study, we developed a portable wearable system(SNUMAP system) for measuring PD tremor. The SNUMAP system captures 3-dimensional motion using tri-accelerometer and tri-gyroscope on finger and wrist. 40 PD patients participated in resting tremor and postural tremor tasks, while wearing the system on both hands simultaneously. Estimated tremor scores from Leave-One-Out Cross Validation for regression were highly correlated to the average clinician CTRS scores for rest tremor($r^2$ = 0.87, RMSE = 0.48) and postural tremor($r^2$ = 0.82, RMSE = 0.48). Therefore, the quantitative assessment model can improve treatment of PD patients.