• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.93-102
• /
• 2005

An Origin-Destination (O/D) is considered as one of the important information in route choices and trip assignments. A household interview survey is deemed to be the traditional and the most widely used method in making sample O/D and its conversion to the total O/D. Some researchers have studied to estimate dynamic O/D from the relationship between link volumes and trip assignment model. Nowadays, owing to the recent rapid spread of cellular phones. Location information of the cellular phone through the Base Station(BS) is considered as an alternative to O/D estimation. In this study, the methodology of generating BS-based O/D and the methodology of converting this O/D into an administrative district-based O/D are proposed. The information of GPS positions and cellular BS positions have acquired by establishing GPS equipment and cellular phone on taxies in Cheongju. Three weeks data are collected and used in estimating O/D by matching them on a digital map. Scatter diagram and sample correlation coefficients are used to investigate the similarity of the GPS-based O/D pattern among weeks, among days, and among times in day. The results show that there are few significant differences among weeks. But there is a difference in O/C pattern between weekday and weekend. Furthermore, there is a difference between morning peak and afternoon peak. Two methodologies are proposed to convert BS-based O/D into an administrative district-based O/D. The first one is to use the distribution pattern of GPS coordinates, the other is to use the coverage area of the BSs. To validate such converted O/D, GPS O/D is used as a true value. The statical analyses through scatter diagram, MAE and RMSE shows that there is few significant defference of pattern between the estimated BS-based O/D and GPS O/D. In the case of using only cellular information, the methodology using coverage area of the BSs is recommended for estimating O/D.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.27 no.5 s.64
• /
• pp.743-760
• /
• 1997

This study was done to evaluate the correlations between the size, the form of the cranial base, head posture and the horizontal and vertical position of craniofacial structures. For this purpose, 100 cephalometric radiographs were taken from the sample composed of 51 male and 49 female, 12 measurement criteria and 37 reference points were established and digitized, then calculation was performed for the values of measurement variables and the horizontal and vertical position of reference points. The correlations be4ween them were analyzed statistically and mean facial diagrams were constructed and compared with the selected groups which were composed of 10 Samples each as large and small group from the measurement value. The following results were obtained: 1. The angles n-s-ba and n-s-ar as variables for the ion of cranial base correlated highly to the horizontal and vertical position of reference points in the cervical column with statistical significance($0.1\%$ level). 2. The angles n-s-ba and n-s-ar as variables for the form of cranial base correlated to the horizontal position of the reference points in the facial structure with statistical significance($1\%$ level), but not to the vertical position of them($5\%$ level). 3. The length n-s, s-ba, and n-ar as variables for the size of cranial base were correlated th the position of craniofacial structures in various ways, but in general, highly correlated to the horizontal and vertical position of midfacial structures around the teeth and alveolar area. 4. the angle NSL/CVT and NSL/OPT as postural variables tot the inclination of cranial base and cervical column were correlated to the horizontal position of the craniofacial structures with statistical significance($1\%$ level), but not to the vortical position of them($5\%$ level). 5. The angle OPT/HOR and CVT/HOR as postural variables lot the inclination of cranial base and true horizontal line were not correlated to the horizontal and vertical position of the craniofacial structures with statistical significance($5\%$ level). 6. The correlation between the measurement variables and horizontal and vortical positions of the reference poits in soft tissue were shown as similar to the related hard tissue points.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.15-24
• /
• 2020

This work examines discourse on uses of computer technology and its transformation during the last thirty years effecting Korea landscape architecture. First, in the 1990s landscape architects begun to use computers as a new technology for landscape architecture, programming computer software utilities suitable for landscape research, planning, and design. The landscape architects, acting as computer programmers, tried to explore various techniques for landscape analysis and design with a piece of software, and various experts within the field of landscape architecture collaborated with each other. However, landscape architects mainly used computer technology as a tool as a substitute for hands-on cases. Since around the 2000s, the discourse on mapping and diagrammatic techniques as a visualization technique for landscaping processes have begun. Also, realistic representations for perspective drawings using graphic software have been increasingly important. The landscape architects, acting as graphic designers, focused on the specific visualization techniques for landscape planning and design. However, computer technology has been mainly used to produce realistic visuals aids for final presentations instead of creative exploration to generate landforms. Additionally, recent landscape architects have been using landscape performance modeling and parametric modeling for landform and landscape furniture design. The landscape architects as spatial designers are actively using computer modeling as creative form-generating tools during the design process.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.229-239
• /
• 1994

By laying emphasis on the intermediate layer, water property distribution in the Northwest Pacific is studied using the hydrographic data obtained by Japan Meteorologica] Agency in the period from 1960 to 1986. The scattering of water type in T-S diagram is relatively small in the Kuroshio Region. Both the envelopes of saline side and of fresh side of the scattered data points shifts gradually from saline side to fresh side as the observation line moves from southwest to northeast. In the Mixed Water Region, the scattering of water type increases rapidly as the observation line moves north; The envelope of fresh cold side moves towards fresh cold side much faster than that of same side. The thermosteric anomaly value at the salinity minimum decreases as the observation line moves from north to south or southwest. This suggests that the water does not advect along the salinity minimum layer, but that the salinity minimun layer is understood as a boundary of two different waters aligned vertically. We defined the typical water masses for the Oyashio Water and the Kuroshio Water. The water mass below the salinity minimum layer may be created by isopycnal mixing of these two water masses with a fixed mixing rate. While, the water mass above the salinity minimum cannot be created simply by isopycnal mixing. The salinity minimum layer may be eroded from upper side due to active mixing processes in the surface layer, while the water of the salinity minimum layer moves gradually southward. This appears to give an explanation why the thermosteric anomaly value at salinity minimum decreases towards south.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 2006

With the use of Agrobacterium and gene-gun, cold regulated gene (BN115) has been injected in Chrysanthemum leaf disc and transgenic plants have been produced successfully on the selection media containing phytohormone. To determine the presence of the transferred cold regulated gene (BN115) in the transgenic Chrysanthemum, PCR-amplification indicated the presence of that gene. Real-Time PCR for confirmation of the putative transgenic plants was established. The copy number of cold regulated gene (BN115) is extrapolated on the basis of a standard curve. Serial dilutions of known number of gene copies were in triplicates. In this diagram, PCR cycles are plotted against the fluorescence intensity. The cycle at which the fluorescence reaches a threshold cycle is inversely proportional to the starting amount of target DNA.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.6 no.3 s.25
• /
• pp.144-155
• /
• 2005

Since 1950s, the Korean housing market has continually experienced the chronicle lack of housing stock because of lower housing investment in comparison with a population explosion, prompt urbanization and rapid restructuring of family. The Korean housing market have thus been driven not by the pricing model by housing demand-supply chain but by the Korean housing policies focusing on the increase of housing supply and the living stability of the middle or low-income bracket. After all, repetitive economic vicious circle of housing price and the increase of unsold apartments aggravated the malfunction of the Korean housing market. Meanwhile, the Korean construction firms have exacerbated their profitability. Such terrible situations are mainly triggered by the Korean construction firms that weighed on the short-term profits and quick response of the government policy alterations rather than the prospect of housing market Therefore, this research focusing on the dynamics of housing market identified and classified the demand and supply elements that consist not only of housing system structures but also of the environmental elements that affect the structures. Based on the system thinking and traditional theory of consumer's choice, the interactions of these elements were constructed as a causal loop diagram that explains the mutual influences among housing subsystems with feedback loops. This paper describes and discusses about the causes of the dynamic changes in the Korean housing market. This study would help housing suppliers, including housing developers, construction firms, etc., to form a more comprehensive understanding on the fundamental issues that constitute the Korean housing market and thereby increasing their long term as well as minimizing the risk involved in the housing supply businesses.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.111-129
• /
• 2013

This study analyzed the process of multimedia services and indexed the core quality characteristics through the tools employed in 'Define' and 'Measure' steps of the 6 Sigma DMAIC methodology. To achieve the goal, as a case study of 'S' University Central Library, first, brainstorming technique was used to tap the librarians, second, interview with the half-time student workers, third, user's opinion on homepage was analyzed and lastly, the interview with the users. This study also drew some potential causal factors which would likely to affect the multimedia service using Process Map and C&E Diagram. Those factors were prioritized using X-Y matrix and Pareto Chart. This study revealed 14 factors affecting multimedia services: 'presence/absence of the persons who are in charge of selection', 'cycle of selection materials', 'presence/absence of seperated multimedia room', 'materials arrangement method', 'notification of popular materials', 'notification of documents arrivals', 'methods of noticing new arrivals', 'methods of ordering materials', 'cycle of checking order status', 'types of persons requesting materials', 'methods of requesting materials', 'checking of the status of the returned materials', 'methods of noticing materials in housed', and 'methods of ways to return overdue materials'.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.7
• /
• pp.63-72
• /
• 2017

This paper proposes a procedure to improve the operational efficiency of the automotive parts manufacturing process by applying classical IE techniques composed of process analysis, work method analysis, and motion analysis, and a specific application case is outlined. The proposed procedure was developed originally by the Task Force organized in L company's automotive parts manufacturing business unit. The balance efficiency and production capacity were used as measures of operational efficiency. The developed procedure follows the general procedure of analyzing the phenomenon at the manufacturing shop, deriving an improvement solution to solve the problem, evaluating each derived alternative, and implementing it to the field to achieve productivity improvement. Among the methods used in each phase of the procedure, function analysis used in the waste discovery phase and R&R evaluation method used in the alternative assessment phase are unique techniques developed by L company's TF. The R&R Evaluation method techniques are described in detail because this method is highly applicable and extensible. A case of applying developed procedures to improve the EPS motor manufacturing process is discussed. As a result, the line balance efficiency and production capacity were increased to a satisfactory level.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
• /
• 1995.04a
• /
• pp.234-251
• /
• 1995

본 연구에서는 EDI감사 의사결정지원시스템을 개발하였다. 이를 위해서 기존의 EDP감사 의사결정지원시스템 및 감사전문가시스템분야의 연구를 고찰했다. EDI감사를 위한 의사결정지원시스템은 통계, 위험, 회사의 개요, 테스트 항목등의 데이타를 저장한 데이타베이스 시스템이다. 시스템 개발을 위해서 E/R(Entity Relation)이나 DFD(Data Flow Diagram)분석을 통해서 논리적인 설계를 하였다. 시스템 개발은 개인용 데이타베이스팩키지인 FoxPro를 사용하였다. 이 시스템을 통해서 감사인이 필요한 테스트 결과를 조회하거난 저장할 수 있고 통제, 위험, 회사등의 상호조회를 통한 필요한 통제나 위험정도를 쉽게 조회해 볼수 있다. 회사마다 필요한 통제, 위험, 테스트 항목등의 체크리스트가 달라지는 경우에 이 시스템을 통해서 입력 저장하여 각각의 회사에 대해 다른 체크리스트를 저장하여 놓을수 있다. 본 시스템은 EDI감사뿐만 아니라 일반 EDP감사분야에도 적용가능할 것이다. 종이를 사용한 감사증적이 없음으로 인해 수작업에 의한 EDI감사는 어려움이 있고 EDP감사시스템분야의 국내 연구가 전무한 실정에서 EDI감사를 지원하는 시스템의 연구는 의의를 갖는다고 생각된다. 본 시스템을 통해서 EDI의 보안 및 감사업무의 효율성이 높아지고 EDI에 대한 위험에 효율적으로 대처할수 있게 될 것이다. 그리고 이러한 보안 및 감사기법과 통제모형을 지식베이스로 구축해서 실제의 위험노출상황에서 가능한 보안을 위한 통제방안이 여러가지가 있는 경우에 비용/편익 분석, 효율성, 회사방침 및 법률적인 문제등을 고려해서 최적의 보안통제 및 감사기법을 선택하는 것을 지원할 수 있을 것이다.고리듬을 개발 함으로써 내부점 선형계획법의 수행속도의 개선에 도움이 될 것이다.성요소들을 제시하였다.용자 만족도가 보다 높은 것으 로 나타났다. 할 수 있는 효율적인 distributed system를 개발하는 것을 제시하였다. 본 논문은 데이타베이스론의 입장에서 아직 정립되어 있지 않은 분산 환경하에서의 관계형 데이타베이스의 데이타관리의 분류체계를 나름대로 정립하였다는데 그 의의가 있다. 또한 이것의 응용은 현재 분산데이타베이스 구축에 있어 나타나는 기술적인 문제점들을 어느정도 보완할 수 있다는 점에서 그 중요성이 있다.ence of a small(IxEpc),hot(Tex> SOK) core which contains two tempegatlue peaks at -15" east and north of MDS. The column density of HCaN is (1-3):n1014cm-2. Column density at distant position from MD5 is larger than that in the (:entral region. We have deduced that this hot-core has a mass of 10sR1 which i:s about an order of magnitude larger those obtained by previous studies.previous studies.업순서들의 상관관계를 고려하여 보다 개선된 해를 구하기 위한 연구가 요구된다. 또한, 준비작업비용을 발생시키는 작업장의 작업순서결정에 대해서도 연구를 행하여, 보완작업비용과 준비비용을 고려한 GMMAL 작업순서문제를 해결하기 위한 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이다.로 이루어

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.1009-1019
• /
• 2009

In this research, various characteristics of South Korea's design flood have been examined by deriving appropriate design flood, using data obtained from careful observation of actual floods occurring in selected main watersheds of the nation. 19 watersheds were selected for research in Korea. The various characteristics of annual rainfall were analyzed by using a moving average method. The frequency analysis was decided to be performed on the annual maximum flood of succeeding one year as a reference year. For the 19 watersheds, tests of basic statistics, independent, homogeneity, and outlier were calculated per period of annual maximum flood series. By performing a test using the LH-moment ratio diagram and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test, among applied distributions of Gumbel (GUM), Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), Generalized Logistic (GLO) and Generalized Pareto (GPA) distribution was found to be adequate compared with other probability distributions. Parameters of GEV distribution were estimated by L, L1, L2, L3 and L4-moment method based on the change in the order of probability weighted moments. Design floods per watershed and the periods of annual maximum flood series were derived by GEV distribution. According to the result of the analysis performed by using variation rate used in this research, it has been concluded that the time for changing the design conditions to ensure the proper hydraulic structure that considers recent climate changes of the nation brought about by global warming should be around the year 2002.