• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.79-95
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate quality of life in farm households. This study examines some related factors which influence the well-being of the family life among the rural housewives, based on the farm management, household management, the satisfaction of the household and the satisfaction of community. Questionnaires were distributed to the 200 housewives residing in Anseong. The 187 data obtained were analyzed by frequency, percentage and mean. Based on the above findings, it has been found that the role od the rural housewives is very important. Because they works not only at home but also in work. The satisfaction of rural housewives about family living and community is very low. In order to improve work, work course should be mechanized. If greater attentions should be directed to the satisfaction of leisure activities, the quality of family life could be improved and stabilized.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.58-71
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate the rural housewives' recognition and practice on environmental preservation. The subjects of this study were 300 rural housewives living in Chung-buk province. Questionaires were distributed to them during a week from August $25^{th}$ to August $31^{th}$ in 1995. Major findings were as follows: 1. The saved water quite well in washing their faces and the dishes compared with urban housewives, but they did not save water so well in using the lavatory. They used synthetic detergent, one of water pollutants, more often than natural soaps in shampooing and laundering. In addition, they did not use a measuring cup. It resulted in the waste of detergent and aggravation of water pollution. 2. Food waste was disposed of properly, but used batteries were not collected separately. A disposable vinyl bag was more commonly used than a reusable shopping basket. The reason for not using a shopping basket was bothering or uncustomary. Since most of them did not know refillable products of goods with environmental mark, they did not use those. Therefore, housewives should be educated in order to prevent soil pollution. 3. The use of spry-type pesticide and hair treatment, one of air pollutants, was wide-spread among them. They hardly recognized and practiced saving of electric power when they used household electric appliances. 4. The major source of environmental knowledge was mass media like TV of radio. Many of them did not know the practical ways to solve the environmental education program. In conclusion, low level of recognition and practice of rural housewives on environmental preservation indicated that a systematic environmental education program should be developed and implemented.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.163-180
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• 1990

The objective of this study was to investigate the time used for daily activities by rural housewives. This study was carried out two aspects-the amount and the distribution of time. However, the characteristics of agriculture and the farming season influenced on rural housewives activities. There fore, in this study, survey areas divided into two groups-the traditional and the commercial agricultural area. And I conducted surveys in two times-the busy farming season and the leisure season for farmers. Data for 286 housewives(76 in traditional area on the leisure season, and 68 in commercial 142 in traditional area on the busy farming season)were collected by interviews, in which wives were asked to recall the used of time on the previous day, and a time record chart broken into fifteen minute intervals. The statistics for data analysis were frequency, percentile, T-test, and F-test by SPSS PC programs. The findings are as follows; 1)The average total time of rural housewives on labour was 8 hours 53 minutes, on socio-cultural activities 4 hours 18 minutes, and on physiological activities 11 hours 2 minutes. 2) The amount of time on agricultural labour was 6 hours 47 minutes in busy farming season, and 2 hour 45 minutes in leisure season. 3) The average time on household labour was 3 hours 51 minutes. 4) The amount of time on socioculture activities was 2 hours 19 minutes in busy farming, and 6 hours 16 minutes in leisure season. 5) The average time on physiological activities was 11 hours 2 minutes.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.145-161
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• 1989

The objectives of this study are ; 1) To analyze the time use and the invironments of rural housewives household labor according to the characteristics of agriculture. 2) To investigate the factors influencing household labor time. In this study, the rural areas are divided into two groups according to characteristics of agriculture. One is traditional agricultural area-Seokchon Dong in Youngcheon Kun, and the other is commercial agricultural area-Dongpo 1 Dong in Sungju Kun. Two areas are located in Kyungpook Province. 145 housewives dwelling in above two villiages were interviewed. The statistics used for data analysis were frequency, percentile, T-test, x2-test, and multiple regression analysis. Results are as follows; 1) household labor time had not significant differences Hetween Youngcheon and Sungju. But agricultural labor time was longer in Sungju than in Youngcheon. 2) household labor environments in Sungju were better than those in Youngcheon. 3) household labor time was influenced by agricultural labor time and socio-cultural time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.131-143
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• 2005

This study is performed to examine the meal management attitudes of housewives who had elementary schoolchildren in the remote rural areas(RA: n = 318, $37.2{\pm}0.3$ years of age) in comparison to those in their vicinity urban area(UA: n = 349, $36.9{\pm}0.2$ years of age) in the Chungnam province in Korea. The subjects were asked to fill out the questionnaire on their attitudes of meal management for their families. The results obtained in this study were as followings: (1) Most husbands of the subjects had a farming job in the RA while they had salaried workers in the UA(p<0.001). Education levels of both subjects and their husbands were lower in the RA than in the UA. Nuclear families were dominated by both groups, however single parent-family and step parent-family were more prevalent in the RA than in the UA. (2) in terms of ways of getting foods such as grains, meats, eggs, vegetables and fruits, the RA housewives relied more often on self-production than did the UA housewives(p<0.001). (3) The frequency of purchasing unprocessed foods was lower in the RA than in the UA(p<0.001). The RA housewives purchased the convenient foods such as instant noodles(p<0.05), ready to eatsoups(p<0.001), retort pouch foods(p<0.05) and instant teas(p<0.05) more frequently than did the UA housewives, while tuna, canned in oil(p<0.01), milk and their products(p<0.001), soybean products(p<0.001) and snacks(p<0.01) were purchased less often by the RA housewives. (4) Family members except housewives engaged more often in meal preparation in the RA than did those in the UA(p<0.001), which was more strongly observed for dinner. The time spent in preparing the dinner was shorter in the RA than in the UA(p<0.001). (5) The degrees of endeavor to provide the subjects' offspring with balanced meal(p<0.001) and nutrition education(p<0.01) were lower in the RA than in the UA. The RA housewives had more difficulty for performing meal management because of 'over work-related fatigue', 'insufficient money to purchase foods' and 'far distance from grocery' than the UA housewives(p<0.001). The RA housewives had lower score on nutritional knowledge(p<0.001) and wanted more strongly nutritional knowledge to improve the quality of family's meal than did the UA housewives(p<0.01). Therefore, the RA housewives had various problems regarding meal management such as 'over work related to fatigue', 'food-purchasing inconvenience', 'low economic status of family' and 'lack of nutritional knowledge'. As a consequence the RA housewives relied on cheap convenient foods more often in order to prepare the meal easily than did the UA housewives. These findings emphasize the need in the RA for nutrition education for housewives and a range of nutrition policies that focus upon the social and economic determinants of food choice within families to improve the nutritional status of the RA residents.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.167-175
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• 2024

Objectives: Rural housewives are integral to household management and family care, yet their sedentary lifestyles present significant health risks. This study used the transtheoretical model (TTM) to investigate strategies that encourage and maintain regular exercise habits among rural housewives. Methods: A semi-experimental study was conducted in 2021 with 114 housewives aged 30 to 59 who attended rural health centers in Gorgan, Iran. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups. Data collection involved a validated questionnaire that gathered demographic information and constructs of the TTM. The intervention group participated in a comprehensive educational program, which included four 60-minute sessions. Data were collected again 6 months post-intervention and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS version 21. Results: The study encompassed women with an average age of 39.75±6.05 years, the majority of whom had educational levels below a diploma, and over 90% were married. We observed strong correlations between the processes of change, self-efficacy, and decisional balance. At the outset, there were no significant differences in demographics or model structures between the 2 groups. However, 6 months post-intervention, the intervention group exhibited statistically significant differences in the mean scores of model structures, stages of change, and body mass index (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of physical activity training for rural housewives. The findings suggest that the educational intervention, which utilized the TTM, significantly impacted the participants' model structures and their stages of change.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.269-284
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of environmental education program for rural housewives on their recognition and practice in environmental preservation. The subjects of this study were 300 rural housewives(education group : 150, non-education group : 150) living in Chung-buk province. The environmental education program was conducted to the education group three times from August to October,1995. After the program was completed, questionaires were distributed to the education group and the non-education group to identify changes in their recognition and practice in environmental preservation.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to find out the dietary attitudes and behaviors, intake frequencies of food groups, health-related opinions and practices, and sociodemographic characteristics of housewives in Wonju-Gun rural area. Interviewers asked 413 housewives about obove informations and then recorded. The results were as followes : Using the factor analysis processing, 17 questions about dietary attitudes and behaviors were categorized into 5 groups such as fidelity of diet, the healthful dietary attitudes, the eating practices concerning about items and amount, eating speed and the extent of coincidence in food preference within a family. The role of the housewives was a major factor affecting the dietary attitudes and behaviors. Those who work as housewives and farmers concurrently had good dietary practices concerning about items and amount, but they were interested about health-directed dietary attitudes at a significantly lower level. Food frequencies of 9 groups, animal protein food, fruits and vegetables, milk and milk products, small fishes such as anchovy, soybean curd and beans, seaweeds, vegetable oil, frying food, soybean paste were significantly associated with subjects' age, role, and education and income level. Whether or not intake of soybean paste was considered. protein food intake was altered, and the difference between two situations increased much more as age was higher. We noticed that intake of soybean paste improved the status of protein nutrition. Our subjects ate calcium sources and dishes using vegetable oil insufficiently. Those who had much interests for good health, revealed to be an active practitioner in the aspects of healthful dietary attitudes, but fidelity of diet, eating practices concerning about items and amount showed significant association with balanced life style.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.553-561
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• 2013

This study examined the food purchasing behavior of rural housewives in Bibong-myeon, Hwaseong. The survey targeted grocery shopping for the home, in particular by housewives. The type of grocery store frequented, age, socioeconomic factors, and ease of purchase were compared with interests in health foods. One super supermarket (SSM), three supermarkets (SM), and four convenience stores were examined in the research area, whereas a large-scale discount store and grocery stores were also examined outside the research area. The grocery store visiting rate was 61.5% in the research area and 38.5% in the other area. The SSM (62.7%) and SM (29.9%) in the research area and LDS (57.1%) and SSM (16.7%) in the other area were most frequently visited. Major purchasing products greatly differed according to the grocery store type. Major foods purchased in the SSM were grain, meat, and fish. Major foods purchased in the LDS and SM were processed products and vegetables, respectively. The LDS visiting frequency was 41.7% for 2-3 times per month and 41.7% for <1 time per month. The means of transport were mostly by private car (87.5%), whereas the SSM was visited 1-2 times per week 53.1% of the time by foot. In addition, various grocery stores are absent in rural areas and it is therefore important to find other methods to assess the food environment of rural areas. In future research, it will be necessary to design various ways to perform food environment research.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the food habit and health status of housewives in rural area of Gyonggi Province. The subjects of this study were 121 rural housewives and interviewed with a questionnaire. The results were as follows 1. In food habit items, the mean of Kimchi intake ($4.89\pm0.38$) was the highest, while that of meat processed food intake ($2.12\pm1.07$) was the lowest. The average of food habit score was $53.1\pm7.7$(out of 80) and was not significantly different with educational level, income, family type, size and agricultural type. In age, older subjects had low score. In regular mealtime, 74.4% of subjects had high score. The subjects that had good appetite were 49.6%. 2. The average of height and weight were 156.99cm and 55.5kg respectively. The appeal ratio in THI items was high in the order of musculoskeletal pain (1.62), tired (1.88), eye-fatigued (1.91), mental instability (2.03) and depression (2.07). The average of THI score was $32.7\pm5.5$(out of 45) and was not significantly different with educational level, income, family type and size, but the subjects of younger and nonagricultural belonged to high score level. The percentage of subjects in normal blood pressure, obesity and retained disease at present were 66.9%, 6.1% and 23.1% respectively. There was no significant difference except for good appetite in the relation among food habit, obesity and blood pressure. Food habit score was not significantly different with THI score, but health status seemed to be good in the better food habit.