• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.73-83
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between the physical environment and mental health of the adolescents in urban and rural areas. This study was performed using the questionnaire survey method. The research subjects were high school students in Seoul and Jeollabuk-do rural areas. The questionnaire inquired about the housing, neighborhood, and school environments, and these contents were depended on previous studies. The survey was conducted from August 27 to September 6, 2013, and 446 data were collected. They were analyzed with the SPSS 12.0 program. The main results are as follows. 1) The urban adolescents evaluated physical environment to be better than rural adolescents. Specifically, the urban adolescents evaluated 'facility/accommodation', 'security/health', 'amenity' of the housing environment, 'disorder', 'comfortability', 'nature awareness' of the neighborhood environment, and 'noise', 'overcrowding', and 'security' of the school environment to be higher. 2) The urban adolescents' self-esteem was significantly higher than rural ones. 3) The physical environment factors, which had effects on adolescents' mental health, are different depending on the areas, and so adolescents' physical environment would be designed by the local environment conditions.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.879-902
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the levels of hope and their relationship with problem behavior, academic records and procrastination among rural adolescents. The participants were 579 rural middle and high school students from three counties. The major results of the study were as follows. First, pathway and agency thinking of rural adolescents were negatively correlated with depression and anxiety, and were positively correlated with academic records and procrastination. But only agency thinking of rural adolescents were negatively correlated with delinquency among problem behaviors. Second, as a result of multivariate analysis of variance, groups of high hope of rural adolescents were lower in depression and anxiety than groups of low hope, but were higher in academic records and procrastination.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.256-266
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was to compare and to examine the factors related to risk behaviors of adolescents living in small and medium-sized cities and in rural areas. Methods: The subjects were 545 adolescents (295 from small and medium-sized cities and 250 from rural areas). The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson corelation coefficients, and multiple regression with IBM SPSS 19.0 program. Results: The factors influencing the risk behaviors of adolescents in small- medium cities were school, peer risk factors and community risk factors, self- control among protective factors, positive communication with parents, positive peer associations, these variables explained 42.0%. The most important variable explaining the risk behaviors of adolescents in small- medium cities was positive communication with parents, followed by community risk factors, peer risk factors, positive peer relationships, school and self-control. The factors affecting the risk behaviors of rural adolescents were school, personal risk factor, peer risk factor, self- control factor, which explained 38.5% of the risk behaviors of adolescents in rural areas. Among them, the most important variable explaining risk behaviors was personal risk factors, followed by peer risk factors, school, and self-control. Conclusion: These finding suggest a need to develop a strategy to improve positive communication with parents for adolescents living in small- medium cities and a strategy to reduce personal risk factors and peer risk factors for rural adolescents.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.231-243
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• 2013

This study intends to suggest basic data for the activation of rural activities in dietary life education, through a survey of adolescents on rural activities in dietary life education. It was found that 63.2% of subject students had the experience of rural activities; and that as many as 35.2% among the students who experienced rural activities participated in the activities 5 times or more. And the survey showed that rural activities were led most frequently by a teacher in charge (37.9%), and rather rarely by a nutrition teacher (15.4%) or an expert in dietary life education (7.7%). As for food ingredients that adolescents experienced during rural activities, they were composed of easily available good cookers that are common in the Korean diet, and, among them, vegetables were experienced most, followed by cereals and fruits. On the other hand, as for food ingredients preferred by adolescents, it was found that boy students preferred meat, while girl students preferred fruits. And as for improvements in dietary life, it was found that making efforts to have good dietary habits had the highest score, which shows that rural activities contributed to the improvement in adolescents' dietary life. Therefore, given the fact that rural activities go some way towards improving adolescents' dietary life, it is advisable that more opportunities for experiencing rural activities be provided to adolescents in the future so as to help them have good dietary habits.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.475-484
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• 2018

Purpose: To examine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and differentiate factors associated with them in urban and rural areas by applying the Ecological Models of Health Behavior. Methods: We employed a cross-sectional design and convenience sample of 460 female adolescents. The instruments included the Adolescent Mental-Health Problem-Behavior Questionnaire (AMPQ-II) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results: Depressive symptoms were confirmed in 15.7% of urban adolescents and 22.9% of rural adolescents (p<.05). In the urban group, perception of health and stress associated with school performance were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. In the rural group, academic/internet related problems and rule violations were significantly associated with depressive symptoms (p<.05). General life happiness, worry/anxiety, and mood/suicidal ideation were common factors in both urban and rural areas (p<.05). Conclusion: Multiple factors were associated with depressive symptoms, and those significant factors differed between urban and rural female youths. Accordingly, tailored approaches are required considering urban and rural differences. The approaches should include intrapersonal, interpersonal, and organizational levels of interventions.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.14-23
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the smoking behaviors and to identify the impact of depression, temperament, and characteristics of smoking experience on rural adolescents. Method: A survey using a self-administered questionnaire was done of 310 rural high school students. Using SPSS 12.0, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The smoking rate of rural high school students was higher than that of the national rate for this age group. Serious depression was observed in the rural high school students. There was a positive correlation among smoking experience, school records, novelty seeking and a negative correlation between smoking and cooperativeness. The significant predictors of smoking experience were type of school, satisfaction with school, school records, novelty seeking, reward dependence and cooperativeness. These factors accounted for 38.9% of variances in the smoking experience of rural adolescents. Conclusion: These results suggest that adolescents who exhibit factors identified in this study are regarded as having the potential to smoke, and this result proposes the basis for program development for the prevention of smoking and smoking cessation.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.213-221
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to examine factors affecting suicidal ideation among female late adolescents from a Korean rural province. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design involving self-reported questionnaires was used. The data were collected from female adolescents aged 18 to 22 years, from high schools, universities, churches, and local community centers. The sample consisted of 197 female late adolescents from three rural areas in Korea. The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale and the Suicidal Ideation Scale were used to measure depression and suicidal ideation, respectively. Results: Suicidal ideation was correlated with having a specific suicide plan (r=.65, p<.001), depression (r=.39, p<.001), subjective well-being (r=-.46, p<.001), ever experienced violence (r=.15, p=.029), and age (r=-.21, p=.003). Factors affecting suicidal ideation among rural female adolescents were having a specific suicide plan (β=.56, p<.001), subjective well-being (β=-.23, p=.001), and suicide of a close person (β=.12, p=.035). These factors explained 48.0% of the variance in suicidal ideation (F=37.62, p<.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that affective factors and personal experiences regarding suicide were critical indicators for suicidal ideation among female late adolescents. These factors should be managed and tailored nursing interventions should be offered to prevent suicide and to enhance the psychiatric health status of female late adolescents.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.183-185
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• 2000

To determine the status of infection caused by intestinal parasites among children and adolescents living in Legaspi city, the Philippines, we performed a small survey by fecal examination for helminth ova and protozoan cysts with formalin-ether concentration method. Of the 64 examinees, the infection rate was 78.1%. The infection rates of primary school children, preschool children and adolescents were 95.5%, 64.7% and 87.5%, respectively. The infection rate in urban areas was 56%, and 92.3% in rural areas. The infection rates were 51% with Trichuris trichiura, 40% with Ascaris lumbricoides, 23.4% with hookworm, 15.6% with Iodamoeba butschlii, 14.1% with Endolinax nana, 9.4% with Entamoeba coli and 7.8% with Giardia lamblia. There were 33 cases with multiple infection (51.6%). Mixed infection with more than 3 parasites was observed in 15 cases, all of them being children and adolescents living in rural areas. By this survey, it was conjectured that helminthic infection is prevalent among children and adolescents in Legaspi, Philippines. To determine the status of infection caused by intestinal parasites among children and adolescents living in Legaspi city, the Philippines, we performed a small survey by fecal examination for helminth ova and protozoan cysts with formalin-ether concentration method. Of the 64 examinees, the infection rate was 78.1%. The infection rates of primary school children, preschool children and adolescents were 95.5%, 64.7% and 87.5%, respectively. The infection rate in urban areas was 56%, and 92.3% in rural areas. The infection rates were 51% with Trichuris trichiura, 40% with Ascaris lumbricoides, 23.4% with hookworm, 15.6% with Iodamoeba butschlii, 14.1% with Endolinax nana, 9.4% with Entamoeba coli and 7.8% with Giardia lamblia. There were 33 cases with multiple infection (51.6%). Mixed infection with more than 3 parasites was observed in 15 cases, all of them being children and adolescents living in rural areas. By this survey, it was conjectured that helminthic infection is prevalent among children and adolescents in Legaspi, Philippines.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.502-514
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• 2006

This Study was carried out to find out regional differences about dietary life and factors associated with meal of school children and adolescents between urban and rural area. Forty students from each of the nationwide 51 schools of three different levels(elementary, middle and high school) were surveyed by self-developed questionnaires. Total of 1,886 questionnaires (1,243 from urban and 681 from rural) were collected and distribution of subjects was 544 from elementary school, 661 from middle school, and 681 from high school. The results were summarized as follows. BMI and degree of satisfaction on body weight of elementary and middle school subjects were not significantly different between urban and rural area. But there were significant regional differences in $BMI(urban\;21.2{\pm}3.0,\;rural\;20.5{\pm}2.8,\;p<0.05)$ and degree of satisfaction on body weight of high school subjects(p<0.001). Elementary(p<0.01) and middle school(p<0.05) subjects in urban area had exercised more frequently than those in rural area. Regularity of having breakfast was not significantly different between urban and rural area at each of three different levels of school. Most subjects(urban 92.2%, rural 92.1%) had lunch regularly by virtue of school lunch service. Regularity of having dinner of elementary(p<0.01) and high school subjects (p<0.01) was significantly different between urban and rural area. Reason for skipping dinner of high school subjects was significantly different between urban and rural area (p<0.05). The most delicious meal was dinner for 51.8% of the urban high school subjects and lunch for 51.7% of the rural subjects. Only one third had intention of participating in school breakfast program regardless of region and levels of school. The findings suggested that nutrition education programs for school children and adolescents include different strategy according to region and levels of schools.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.73-84
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to differentiate the factors associated with the BMI group of adolescents between rural and urban areas, and provide baseline data in the development of health education programs considering their personal and environmental characteristics. Methods: Secondary data analysis was performed using the data from an on-line survey of the 9th adolescence behavioral health in 2013. The instruments included general, behavioral, and psychosocial characteristics. This study was a cross-sectional survey conducted with 26,513 adolescents. The data were analyzed using a t-test, two-way ANOVA, and multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results: Significant differences in the prevalence of obesity between urban and rural areas were nated and rural areas exhibited a higher prevalence of obese adolescents (p<0.05). The factors associated with the BMI group were the mothers' education level (low) and lower age of adolescents (middle school) in rural areas, wherase those for urban areas were gender (boys) and the fathers' education level (low) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Because there was a significant difference in the prevalence of obesity between rural and urban areas, it is necessary to develop a tailored education program considering the regional and environmental characteristics that the adolescents belonged to in order to prevent and control adolescent obesity.