• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.9
• /
• pp.4377-4380
• /
• 2016

Background: To compare diagnostic performance in differentiating benign from malignant ovarian masses between IOTA (the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis) simple rules and subjective sonographic assessment. Materials and Methods: Women scheduled for elective surgery because of ovarian masses were recruited into the study and underwent ultrasound examination within 24 hours of surgery to apply the IOTA simple rules by general gynecologists and to record video clips for subjective assessment by an experienced sonographer. The diagnostic performance of the IOTA rules and subjective assessment for differentiation between benign and malignant masses was compared. The gold standard diagnosis was pathological or operative findings. Results: A total of 150 ovarian masses were covered, comprising 105 (70%) benign and 45 (30%) malignant. Of them, the IOTA simple rules could be applied in 119 (79.3%) and were inconclusive in 31 (20.7%) whereas subjective assessment could be applied in all cases (100%). The sensitivity and the specificity of the IOTA simple rules and subjective assessment were not significantly different, 82.9% vs 86.7% and 94.0% vs 94.3% respectively. The agreement of the two methods in prediction was high with a Kappa index of 0.835. Conclusions: Both techniques had a high diagnostic performance in differentiation between benign and malignant ovarian masses but the IOTA rules had a relatively high rate of inconclusive results. The IOTA rules can be used as an effective screening technique by general gynecologists but when the results are inconclusive they should consult experienced sonographers.

• The Journal of Information Systems
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.249-276
• /
• 2019

Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop a prediction model and decision rules for the elderly's suicidal ideation based on the Korean Welfare Panel survey data. By utilizing this data, we obtained many decision rules to predict the elderly's suicide ideation. Design/methodology/approach This study used classification analysis to derive decision rules to predict on the basis of decision tree technique. Weka 3.8 is used as the data mining tool in this study. The decision tree algorithm uses J48, also known as C4.5. In addition, 66.6% of the total data was divided into learning data and verification data. We considered all possible variables based on previous studies in predicting suicidal ideation of the elderly. Finally, 99 variables including the target variable were used. Classification analysis was performed by introducing sampling technique through backward elimination and data balancing. Findings As a result, there were significant differences between the data sets. The selected data sets have different, various decision tree and several rules. Based on the decision tree method, we derived the rules for suicide prevention. The decision tree derives not only the rules for the suicidal ideation of the depressed group, but also the rules for the suicidal ideation of the non-depressed group. In addition, in developing the predictive model, the problem of over-fitting due to the data imbalance phenomenon was directly identified through the application of data balancing. We could conclude that it is necessary to balance the data on the target variables in order to perform the correct classification analysis without over-fitting. In addition, although data balancing is applied, it is shown that performance is not inferior in prediction rate when compared with a biased prediction model.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
• /
• v.52 no.4
• /
• pp.153-177
• /
• 2021

The revision of the Korean Cataloging Rules (KCR) is in progress in order to conform IFLA LRM conceptual model and to strengthen its internal stability. Religious works, along with musical works and legal works, have been treated as special and important in cataloging rules. This trend continues in the new cataloging rules that seek a bibliographic model that interconnects related materials. However since KCR2(1966), there are no rules for access points or specific rules on religious works. Under the circumstances, this study analyzed (1) the contents of religious works in the recently revised cataloging rules, (2) the access points and their functions for religious works implemented in online catalogs and authority system, and finally (3) the direction and scope of KCR revision. As a result of the study, this study suggested that it is necessary to prepare detailed rules for preferred title and authorized access points for various religious works in KCR. In conclusion, some issues for further discussion were summarized.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.467-480
• /
• 2012

Purpose: This paper introduces new 2-of-3 main and supplementary runs rules to increase the performance of the classical $\bar{X}$ control chart for detecting small process shifts. Methods: The proposed runs rules are compared with other competitive runs rules by numerical experiments. Nonlinear optimization problem to minimize the out-of-control ARL at a specified shift of process mean for determining action and warning limits at a time is formulated and a procedure to find two limits is illustrated with a numerical example. Results: The proposed 2-of-3 main and supplementary runs rules demonstrate an improved performance over other runs rules in detecting a sudden shift of process mean by simultaneous changes of mean and standard deviation. Conclusion: To increase the performance in the detection of small to moderate shifts, the proposed runs rules will be used with $\bar{X}$ control charts.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.35-44
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze user-generated rules in online games and to define the way of players' identities are developed. This study focuses on the online game League of Legends, which originated from use map system. Based on rule theory, this study analyzes the characteristics of user-generated rules. As the result, this study proves that the main rule of online game is not the rules made by developers, but the emergent rules made by players. Through rule-detection and rule-selection process, user-generated rules change the game system. Therefore, the result of this study expects to show meaningful roles of players in game system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2011

Controlling industrial vehicle operated by human in warehouse was not simple since the information transfer for controlling the vehicle was not easy. However, as the technology for the WMS (Warehouse Management System) has been advanced and the PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) has come into wide use in a workplace, the control of man-operated vehicle became less difficult as do to AGVS (Automated Guided Vehicle System). This study examines the ways to improve the efficiency of warehouse operation through introducing rule of task assignment for the vehicles, particularly forklift. This study, basically, refer to AGV operation policy because a great number of studies for AGV dispatching rule have been done and the mechanism for the controlling vehicles is very similar. The workers in field prefer to simple dispatching rules such as Shortest Retrieval Time First (SRTF), Shortest Travel Time First (STTF), and Longest Waiting Time First (LWTF). However, these rules have potential disadvantage. Thus, several rules made up by combining rules mentioned above are introduced and these new rules use threshold value or evaluation formula. The effectiveness of these new rules are tested by simulation and the results are compared. This study proposes favorable dispatching rules for forklift in warehouse for the efficiency of the vehicle operation and stability of service level.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.163-176
• /
• 2010

Nowadays due to the rapid advances in the field of information systems, transactional databases are being updated regularly and/or periodically. The knowledge discovered from these databases has to be maintained, and an incremental updating technique needs to be developed for maintaining the discovered association rules from these databases. The concept of Temporal Association Rules has been introduced to solve the problem of handling time series by including time expressions into association rules. In this paper we introduce a novel algorithm for Incremental Mining of General Temporal Association Rules (IMTAR) using an extended TFP-tree. The main benefits introduced by our algorithm are that it offers significant advantages in terms of storage and running time and it can handle the problem of mining general temporal association rules in incremental databases by building TFP-trees incrementally. It can be utilized and applied to real life application domains. We demonstrate our algorithm and its advantages in this paper.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.67
• /
• pp.163-186
• /
• 2015

This study attempts to analyze the trade costs of domestic firms utilizing the FTAs in terms of burden of expenses in managing the rules of origin. In doing so, we classify the managing costs of FTA rules of origin into three categories (that is, (i) ex ante costs from acquiring necessary information and building the infrastructure in the advance stage before the FTAs, (ii) the actual costs of the origin management in the application stage of FTA preferential treatment, (iii) ex post management cost in the preparation stage of origin verification) and perform a survey on the greater details on each category. Using the comprehensive results from the survey regarding domestic firm's use of FTAs, this paper also discusses the issues related to small and medium-sized firms and addresses the concerns involved with their managing costs of FTA rules of origin. Importantly, this paper emphasizes the importance of government supports to reduce inefficiency induced by the additional costs that domestic firms face in their use of FTAs and proposes the various policy implications regarding the managing costs of rules of origin.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.46
• /
• pp.181-210
• /
• 2010

The continuing advance of multimodal transport with the importance for efficient and effective logistics management emphasizes the need for uniform legal approach to international multimodal transport. However, the current fragmented instrument regulating such transport is being an obstacle to development of multimodal transport as it aggravates confusion and uncertainty. The Rotterdam rules, which was adopted in December 2008 by UNCITRAL, expands its scope of application to door-to-door transport. However, the new rules has some problems in its application to multimodal transport operation as it has been conceived not to regulate general multimodal carriage but to regulate contract of carriage by sea that extends its services to the transport by other modes. This article examines conflict of conventions in the Rotterdam Rules. The applicability of the Rotterdam Rules in international multimodal transport contract and possibility of potential conflict with other transport conventions are analyzed with some hypothetical cases. Furthermore, problems arising from application of the Rotterdam Rules under international multimodal transport Contracts are indicated in the chapter IV.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.4 no.5
• /
• pp.1289-1296
• /
• 1997

To build up a knowledge-based system in an Artifical Inerligence System, selecting an appropriate set of rules is one of the key provlems. In this paper, we discuss a new method for exteacting fuzzy rules diredtly from fuzzy membdrchip function dat for pattern classifcation. The fuzzy rules with variable fuzzy recions are defined by sharing fuzzy space in fuzzy grid.Tehse rules are extracted form memberchop function. Them, optimal input vari-ables for the rules are determined using the number of extracted rules as a criterion. The method is compared with neural networks using Ishibuchi. Finally, in order to demonstrate the cffectiveness of the present method, simulation results are shown.