• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.315-327
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• 2012

Red saprolites are appeared in granitic hills in Yeongam, Southern Korean Peninsula. These red saprolites were analyzed for their geochemistry, including CIA, A-CN-K and A-CNK-FM ternary plots, to understand the chemical weathering trend and rubefaction of the saprolites. These saprolites were compared with laterite profiles in Cameroon formed under humid tropical conditions. The red saprolites in Yeongam show commonly massive loss of CaO, $Na_2O$, but $K_2O$ is being slow. The red saprolites in Yeongam relative to laterite and kaolinite profiles of Cameroon and Spain show weak chemical alteration owing to slow removal of $K_2O$, but high mafic constituents, $Fe_2O_3$ and MgO, for most of the samples. In the saprolites of Yeongam, mafic oxides become enriched because of the fast and massive removal of alkali constituents, such as CaO, $Na_2O$ and $K_2O$, relative to other elements, resulting in rubefaction of the saprolites. It is found that the rubefaction of the saprolites is not necessarily proportional to chemical weathering intensity.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 2012

Red saprolites are appeared in granitic hills in Naju, Southern Korean Peninsula. These red saprolites were analyzed for their geochemistry, including CIA, A-CN-K and A-CNK-FM ternary plots, to understand the chemical weathering trend and rubefaction of the saprolites. These saprolites were compared with kaolinitic saprolites of Guadalquivir Basin in Spain formed under paleo-humid tropical conditions. Chemical Index of Alteration(CIA) value for Naju in Korea is 80, and 87 in Guadalquivir, suggesting moderate and strong weathering in both. Relative to kaolinitic saprolite of Guadalquivir in Spain, red saprolites in Naju are commonly weak loss of CaO, $Na_2O$, especially in $K_2O$. The A-CNK-FM ternary plots of Naju saprolites relative to Kaolinitic saprolites of Guadalquivir shows weak chemical alteration owing to slow removal of $K_2O$, but high mafic constituents, $Fe_2O_3$ and MgO, for most of the samples. In the saprolites of Naju, mafic oxides, $Fe_2O_3$ and MgO, become enriched because of the fast and massive removal of CaO, $Na_2O$ and $K_2O$ relative to other elements, resulting in rubefaction of the surface layer of the saprolites, so more redness than kaolinitic saprolites of Guadalquivir. It is found that the rubefaction of the saprolites is not necessarily proportional to chemical weathering intensity.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.145-154
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• 2006

A man visited the Dept. of Oriental Medical Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology Hospital, Dong-eui University with the dermatitis exfoliativa by drug eruption. He was suffering from the whole body itching, rubefaction, edema, scale and the feeling a chill. The drug eruption's cause assumed antibiotics. We treated a patient with Oriental Medicines(the herbal medicine of internal use and external use), aroma oils and acupuncture. After four days or so, the itching, rubefaction, edema of the skin was recovered remarkably. After one weeks or so, the scale of the skin disease was improved remarkably, we think that these are good cases to treat with Oriental Medicine, Yeongyopaedog-san. We suggest that Oriental Herb medicines have an effect with the dermatitis exfoliativa and the drug eruption.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.548-556
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to clarify the relict landform development of fluvial terrace and the soil characteristics occurring on the fluvial deposits. The physico-chemical properties of soil that are developed on terrace deposits and X-ray diffraction analysis of clay were investigated specifically. The horizon of $A_1$ consists of silt loam with reddish-brown color (5YR4/3). Its soil structures is a weak, fine, subangular, and blocky, breaking to granular. The horizon of $B_{1t}\;and\;B_{2t}$ are silt clay with either a yellowish red (5YR5/6), bright red (2.5YR4/6) color. This soil structure is weak, subangular, and blocky, with thin discontinuous bright red (2.5YR4/6) clay cutans and soft manganese concretions. This red soil structure is made on heavy-textures. It is packed compactly with parent materials of high fluvial surface sediments, and usually has a $A_1-B_{1t}-B_{2t}-C$ profile, from top to bottom. In most cases, clay accumulation in the B-horizon and clay cutans on ped surfaces are observed, which means the argillic horizon has formed. The soils derived from fluvial surface deposits are associated with soils. The soils on the high fluvial surface are considered to be a kind of paleo-red soil which were developed by strong desilicification and rubefaction, and strong leaching of bases under warmer bio-climatic condition during the old Pleistocene period. According to these morphological and anlaytical characteristics,geomorphological features and bio-climatic conditions under which the soil have developed on the high terrace sediment indicate that the soil should be classified as paleo-red soils.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.19-28
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• 2009

Objectives : We tried to investigate the effects of Panax Ginseng Radix pharmacopuncture and Zizyphi Spinosi Semen pharmacopuncture on human body with the Heart Rate Variability (HRV) in adult man. As well as we tried to investigate how safe Panax Ginseng Radix and Zizyphi Spinosi Semen pharmacopuncture on the the human being. Methods : We investigated on 44 healthy volunteers consisted of 16 subjects in Panax Ginseng Radix pharmacopuncture group, 13 subjects in Zizyphi Spinosi Semen pharmacopuncture group and 15 subjects in Normal Saline. We ruled out subjects who wasn't stable by rest, with in the limit of normal heart beat(60-120cycle/min). Study form was a randomized, clinical trial. Each group was injected Panax Ginseng Radix pharmacopuncture, Zizyphi Spinosi Semen pharmacopuncture and Normal Saline $0.2m{\ell}$ at $GB_{21}$(Kyonjong). We measured HRV on 7 times : before and after injection per 5 minutes during 30 minutes. The SPSS 13.0 for windows was used to analyze the data by the paired t-test(in the group) and Anova test(among the groups) were used to verify the result. Results : 1. After Panax Ginseng Radix pharmacopuncture injection, SDNN was significantly high, pNN50 was significantly low, Ln(TP) was significantly high, Ln(VLF) was significantly high, Ln(LF) was significantly high at 30 minutes. 2. After Zizyphi Spinosi Semen pharmacopuncture injection, Complexity was significantly low, Ln(VLF) was significantly high at 30 minutes. 3. HRV-index made a significant difference between the Zizyphi Spinosi Semen pharmacopuncture and normal saline at 5 minutes(p=0.02). 4. There wasn's any pain the injected region and whole body, rubefaction, uredo, nausea, vomiting, colic, headache, dizziness within 24 hours. Measured data and mean value of Mean-HRV was within normal range. Conclusions : The results suggested that and Panax Ginseng Radix pharmacopuncture in healthy adult man tended to activate the vagus nervous system within normal range.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.828-835
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to clarify the landform development of fluvial terrace and the soil characteristics occurring on the terrace deposit. In order to achieve the purpose, the characteristics of soil profiles, the physic-chemical properties of soils that are developed on terrace deposits and X-ray diffraction analysis of clay were investigated. The horizon of Al in the high fluvial surface is silt clay loam of red (2YR 4/6). The soil structure is a developed granular structure. The horizon of B1 is silt clay reddish-brown (2.5YR 4/6). The soil structure is a medium subangular blocky structure. This red soil structure is made on heavy textured and compactly packed parent materials of high terrace sediments and usually has A-B-C profile. In most cases, clay accumulations in B-horizon and clay cutans on ped surfaces are observed, which mean the formation of agrillic horizon. As the result of this study, soils derived from fluvial terrace deposits on high fluvial surfaces are considered paleo-red soil which were developed by pedogenese-strong desilicification and rubefaction and strong leaching of bases- under warmer bio-climatic condition during in the old Pleistocene period.