• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.251-259
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• 2014

Outdoor cultural properties have been damaged by natural weathering and air pollution for a long time. For this reason, there are many characteristics it is hard to decipher some carved inscription on the surface of damaged outdoor cultural properties. Until now, Rubbed copy has been widely used to decode engraved inscription. A investigation for epigraph has been made by the rubbing that has resulted in a lower resolution from the viewpoints of extraction process and used materials. Rubbing's results are not satisfied in the damaged inscriptions which are weathered by natural environment and pollution for a long time and in the narrowed one. The main analysis presented in this paper is a cross section analysis method using 3d scanning technique for epigraph not read. Cross section analysis is a study on readability improvement method for ancient inscription of irregularity monument surface. Cross section analysis confirms information that separated the inscription information of monument and the ground information to read a ancient inscription and decode the inscription information. The proposed character identification method contributed to decoding an ancient inscription on Silla Monument in Jungseong-ri of Pohang.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1110-1114
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• 2003

We have investigated the generation of pretilt angle for a nematic liquid crystal (NLC) alignment with rubbing alignment method on polyimide surfaces using thin plastic substrates. It was found that monodomain alignment of NLC is obtained with rubbing alignment method on polyimide surfaces using thin plastic substrates. The NLC pretilt angles generated are about 3$^{\circ}$ by the rubbing alignment method on thin plastic substrates, However, the pretilt angle are at about 1.7$^{\circ}$ lower on the glass substrate than on thin plastic substrate. We obtain that AFM (atomic force microscope) image of rubbed PI surface with polymer film has formed the micro-groove structure at the low curring temperature (120$^{\circ}C$). However, no grooves are obtained on the glass substrate at the same temperature. It is considered that this alignment may be attributed to roughness of micro-groove substrate. The tilt angle increases with increasing baking temperature for making polyimide layer using glass substrate. It was concluded that the pretilt angle in the polyimide surface is attributable to the increasing of imidization rato.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.362-368
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 알킬 사슬 길이에 따른 러빙 처리된 불소화 자기 조립 단분자막(fluorinated self-assembled monolayers; FSAM)의 수직 액정 배향 상태를 보고한다. FSAM의 증착을 위해 간단한 공정인 기체-상 방법이 사용되었다. FSAM의 가시광선 영역대 광학 평균 투과율은 77.63%~78.21%로 75.89%의 투과율을 갖는 기존의 폴리이미드막보다 우수하였다. 또한 프리틸트각 측정과 편광현미경 사진을 통해 FSAM의 우수한 수직 배향 특성을 관찰하였다. 접촉각과 FSAM의 표면에너지 측정을 통해 알킬 사슬 길이에 따른 프리틸트각이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. FSAM의 높은 광학 투과율과 균일한 수직 배향 특성은 FSAM이 액정 배향막으로서의 가능성을 보여주었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.891-905
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• 2005

The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of tetracycline-HCL on the change of implant surface microstructure according to application time. Implant with pure titanium machined surface. HA-coated surface and TiUniteTM surface were utilized. Implant surface was rubbed with 50mg/ml tetracycline-HCL solution for $\frac{1}{2}min.$, 1min., $1\frac{1}{2}min.$, 2min., and $2\frac{1}{2}min.$ respectively in the test group. Then, specimens were processed for scanning electron microscopic observation. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Both test and control group showed a few shallow grooves and ridges in pure titanium machined surface implants. There were not significant differences between two groups. 2. In HA-coated surfaces, round particles were deposited irregularly. The roughness of surfaces conditioned with tetracycline-HCL was lessened and the cracks were increased relative to the application time. 3. The anodic oxidized surfaces showed the craterous structures. The surface conditioning with tetracycline-HCl didn't influence on its micro-morphology. In conclusion, the detoxification with 50mg/ml tetracycline-HCL must be applied respectively with different time according to various implant surfaces.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.265-275
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• 2007

The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of Tetracycline-HCI on the change of implant surface microstructure according to application time. Implants with thermal dual acid etched surface were utilized. Implant surface was rubbed with $50mg/m{\ell}$ Tetracycline-HCI solution and sterilized saline for O.5min, 1min, 1.5min, 2min, 2.5min and 3min. respectively in the test group. Then, specimens were processed for scanning electron microscopic observation and measured surface roughness by optical interferometer. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The thermal dual acid etched surfaces showed many small peaks and valleys distributed overall surface. 2. The surface conditioning with Tetracycline-HCI and saline didn't influence on its micromorphology. In conclusion, the implant with thermal dual acid etched surface has a protective micromorphology from the detoxification with $50mg/m{\ell}$ Tetracycline-HCI and a scrubbing with cotton pellet. Therefore, the detoxification with $50mg/m{\ell}$ Tetracycline-HCI is an effective method for peri-implantitis in case implants with thermal dual acid etched surface.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1996년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.85-89
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• 1996

This paper was undertaken to analyze the morphology of wear debris for operating condition evaluatio of lubricated machine surfaces. The lubricating wear test was carried out under different experimental conditions using tile wear test device was made in our laboritory and wear testing spcimen of the pin on disk type was rubbed in paraffine series base oil, by varying specimen, applied load, sliding distance. The four shape parameters (50% volumetric diameter, aspect, roundness and reflectivity) to describe morphology of wear debris have been developed and are outlined in tile paper. A system using such techniques promises to obviate the need for subjective, human interpretation of particle morphology in machine condition monitoring

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1028-1032
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• 2005

Liquid crystal (LC) alignment using a photoalignment method by irradiation of polarized ultraviolet (UV) on an alignment layer has been investigated. Photoalignment method exhibits weaker anchoring energy than rubbing method so that we have studied electro-optic characteristics of fringe-field switching (FFS) mode with alignment layers using the photo and rubbing alignment methods. The cell using photo alignment layer shows lower threshold and operation voltage than those using rubbed alignment layer. Also, the former method shows higher transmittance than that of the latter.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.506-515
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• 2009

We synthesized a series of polystyrene derivatives containing various side chain terminal moieties, such as phenoxymethyl, 4-methoxyphenoxymethyl, 4-fluorophenoxymethyl, 4-methylphenoxymethyl, and 4-trifluoromethoxyphenoxymethyl groups, using polymer analogous reactions, in order to investigate the effect of the side group on their liquid crystal (LC) alignment behaviors. The polymers containing 4-fluorophenoxymethyl, 4-methylphenoxymethyl, or 4-trifluoromethoxyphenoxymethyl side groups had lower surface energy values and the LC cells fabricated using the unrubbed films of these polymers showed homeotropic LC alignment behavior. The LC cells fabricated using the rubbed films of the polymers containing phenoxymethyl or 4-fluorophenoxymethyl groups showed homogeneous planar LC alignment behavior in which the LCs were aligned perpendicular to the rubbing direction. This homogeneous planar and perpendicular alignment behavior was ascribed to the favorable anisotropic interactions between the LC molecules and the side groups preferentially oriented perpendicular to the rubbing direction.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.515-518
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• 2000

We studied the viewing angle characteristics of a negative dielectric anisotropy nematic liquid crystal (NLC) using the new vertical-alignment (VA)-1/6 cell on a rubbed polyimide (PI) surface. Good voltage-transmittance (V-T)characteristics using the new VA-1/6 cell without a negative compensation film were obtained. The iso-viewing angle characteristics using the new VA-1/6 cell without the negative compensation film can be achieved.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 디스플레이 광소자 분야
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• pp.118-122
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• 2005

Liquid crystal (LC) alignment using a photoalignment method by irradiation of polarized ultraviolet (UV) on an alignment layer has been investigated. Photoalignment method exhibits weaker anchoring energy than rubbing method so that we have studied electro-optic characteristics of fringe-field switching (FFS) mode with alignment layers using the photo and rubbing alignment methods. The cell using photo alignment layer shows lower threshold and operation voltage than those using rubbed alignment layer. Also. the former method shows higher transmittance than that of the latter.