• Title/Summary/Keyword: rsm1

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반응표면분석에 의한 쇠고기 야채 쌀죽의 이화학적 및 관능적 특성 변화

  • 이용욱;금준석;은종방
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.167.2-168
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    • 2003
  • 현대 사회는 서구적인 식생활의 변화로 인해 조리가 간편하고 조리 시간이 짧은 즉석식품과 영양 기호식품을 동시에 충족시켜주는 음식에 대한 소비가 늘고 있는 실정이다. 또한 최근 미곡의 공급량에 비해서 소비량이 해마다 감소하여 재고미의 증가를 볼 때, 쌀의 새로운 이용방법 모색이 절실히 요망된다. 따라서 쌀의 소비촉진과 현대사회의 소비형태를 접목시켜서 쇠고기와 야채를 이용한 즉석쌀죽을 개발하고자 하였다. 쇠고기, 야채 및 쌀가루를 이용한 soup mix의 최적 배합비를 설정하기 위하여 제조조건에 따라 다르게 제조한 쇠고기 야채 쌀죽의 이화학적 및 관능적 특성에 미치는 변화를 조사하였다. 이때 야채의 배합비에 따른 이화학적 및 관능적 특성을 모니터링 하고자 반응표면분석법 (response surface methodology, RSM)을 이용하였다. 요인변수(Xn)를 쌀의 양에 대한 버섯의 비율 (X$_1$), 당근의 비율 (X$_2$), 대파의 비율 (X$_3$)로 하여 중심합성계획에 따라 17실험구로 구분하여 조리실험을 실시하였고, 반응변수(Yn)는 soup mix를 이용하여 제조한 쇠고기 야채 쌀죽의 이화학적 특성인 색도의 L*값 (Y$_1$), a*값 (Y$_2$), b*값 (Y$_3$), 점도(Y$_4$), 퍼짐성 (Y$_{5}$), 고형분 함량(Y$_{6}$), PH (Y$_{7}$)으로 하였으며 관능적 특성인 색 (Y$_{8}$), 향 (Y$_{9}$), 점성 (Y$_{10}$), 맛 (Y$_{11}$), 전체적인 기호도 (Y$_{12}$)를 종속변수로 하여 회귀분석에 이용하였다. 회귀분석에 의한 모델식의 예측에는 SAS (statistical analysis system)program을 사용하였으며, 3차원 반응표면 분석법으로 해석하였다. 야채의 배합비에 따라 제조한 쇠고기 야채 쌀죽의 물리적 특성인 색도의 L*, a*, b* 값에 대한 반응표면 회귀식의 $R^2$은 각각 0.6098(p> 0.05), 0.8803 (p <0.05), 0.6781(p> 0.05)로서 b값에 있어서 그 유의성이 5%수준에서 인정되어 b값에 미치는 영향이 크다는 것을 알 수 있었다. L*값은 63-68사이로, a*값은 0.13에서 -0.89사이를 b*값은 2-5값 사이에서 변화하여 제조한 죽의 색이 옅은 황색임을 알 수 있었다. 고형분 함량, 퍼짐성과 pH에 대한 $R^2$은 각각 0.4280, 0.5433과 0.2406임을 볼 때 버섯, 당근, 대파의 비율에 따라 제조한 쇠고기 야채 쌀죽의 고형분 함량, 퍼짐성과 pH는 설정된 범위내에서 그 유의성이 인정되지 않아 큰 영향을 미치지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 관능검사 결과, 색과 향에 대한 반응표면 회귀식의 $R^2$은 각각0.6000과 0.7825이고 P-value는 각각 0.4290과 0.0942로서 5% 수준에서 유의한 상관성이 없음을 확인할 수 있었다. 맛과 점성에 대한 $R^2$은 0.8717과 0.8068이고 P-value는 각각 0.0195 (p <0.05)와 0.0612로서 야채의 배합비에 따라 맛에 있어서 유의확률 5%수준에서 그 유의성이 인정되었으며, 전체적인 기호도에 대한 유의성은 $R^2$이 0.8463이고 P-value는 0.0344 (p <0.05)임을 볼 때, 설정된 범위내에서 야채의 배합비에 따라 제조한 쇠고기 야채 쌀죽의 맛과 기호도에 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 최대 임계점이 버섯의 첨가량은 0.99%, 당근의 첨가량은 0.97%, 대파의 첨가량은 0.59%에서 최적 반응표면을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 야채의 배합비에 따른 맛과 전체적인 기호도에 있어서 그 유의성이 5%수준에서 모두 유의한 상관관계를 보였으며, soup mix 제조시 쌀가루 양에 대한 야채의 최적 배합비는 버섯, 당근, 대파에 있어서 각각 0.99, 0.97과 0.59%임을 알 수 있었다.

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Effects of Additives on the Improvement of Frozen Dough Quality (첨가물이 냉동반죽의 품질향상에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Young-Chun;Jeong, Hyung-Won;Yoon, Suk-Kwon
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.36 no.2
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    • pp.217-225
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    • 2004
  • This study was carried out to reduce the loss of frozen dough quality during frozen storage. Using response surface method, ascorbic acid 160.4 ppm, L-cysteine 63.1 ppm, and SSL 0.6% were found to be optimum, with xanthan gum 0.3% (formula A) and Ultra tex-3 5% (formula B) added as cryoprotectants. During frozen storage at $-20^{\circ}C$, control rapidly deteriorated after 4 weeks, while formulas A and B showed slight deterioration with immutable quality after 10 weeks.

Optimization for the Process of Ethanol of Persimmon Leaf(Diospyros kaki L. folium) using Response Surface Methodology (반응표면분석법을 이용한 감잎(Diospyros kaki L. folium) 에탄올 추출물의 최적화)

  • Bae, Du-Kyung;Choi, Hee-Jin;Son, Jun-Ho;Park, Mu-Hee;Bae, Jong-Ho;An, Bong-Jeon;Bae, Man-Jong;Choi, Cheong
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.43 no.3
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    • pp.218-224
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    • 2000
  • The efforts were made to optimite ethanol extraction from persimmon leaf with the time of extraction$(1.5{\sim}2.5\;hrs)$, the temperature of extraction$(70{\sim}90^{\circ}C)$, and the concentration of ethanol$(0{\sim}40%)$ as three primary variables together with several functional characteristics of persimmon leaf as reaction variables. The conditions of extraction was best fitted by using response surface methodology through the center synthesis plan, and the optimal conditions of extraction were established. The contents of soluble solid and soluble tannin went up as the concentration of ethanol went up and the temperature of extraction went down, and the turbidity went down as the concentration of ethanol went down. Electron donation ability was hardly affected by the extraction temperature and had the tendency to go up as the concentration of ethanol went up. The inhibitory activity of xanthine oxidase(XOase) had the tendency to go up as both the concentration of ethanol and the temperature of extraction went up. The inhibitory activity of angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE), the significance of which still was not recognized, showed the maximum when the concentration of ethanol was 27%. In result, the optimal conditions of extraction was the extraction time of two hours, the extraction temperature of $75{\sim}81^{\circ}C$, and the ethanol concentration of $33{\sim}35%$.

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Optimization of Extraction of Functional Components from Black Rice Bran (흑미 미강의 기능성 성분 추출 공정 최적화)

  • Jo, In-Hee;Choi, Yong-Hee
    • Food Engineering Progress
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.388-397
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum ethanol extraction conditions for maximum extraction of functional components such as ferulic acid, oryzanol, and toopherol from black rice bran using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A central composite design was applied to investigate the effects of the independent variables of solvent ratio ($X_{1}$), extraction temperature ($X_{2}$) and extraction time ($X_{3}$) on the dependent variables such as total phenol components ($Y_{1}$), total flavonoids compounds ($Y_{2}$), electron donating ability ($Y_{3}$), $\gamma$-oryzanol ($Y_{4}$), ferulic acid ($Y_{5}$) and $\alpha$-toopherol components ($Y_{6}$). ANOVA results showed that coefficients of determination (R-square) of estimated models for dependent variables ranged from 0.8939 to 0.9470. It was found that solvent ratio and extraction temperature were the main effective factors in this extraction proess. Particularly, the extraction efficiency of ferulic acid, $\gamma$-oryzanol and $\alpha$-toopherol components were significantly affected by extraction temperature. As a result, optimum extraction conditions were 20.35 mL/g of solvent ratio, 79.4$^{\circ}C$ of extraction temperature and 2.88 hr of extraction time. Predicted values at the optimized conditions were acceptable when compared with experimental values.

Optimization of the Reaction Conditions and the Effect of Surfactants on the Kinetic Resolution of [R,S]-Naoroxen 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl Thioester by Using Lipse (리파아제를 이용한 라세믹 나프록센 2,2,2-트리플로로에틸 씨오에스터의 Kinetic Resolution에서 반응조건 죄적화와 계면활성제 영향)

  • Song, Yoon-Seok;Lee, Jung-Ho;Cho, Sang-Won;Kang, Seong-Woo;Kim, Seung-Wook
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.257-262
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    • 2008
  • In this study, the reaction conditions for lipase-catalyzed resolution of racemic naproxen 2,2,2-trilfluoroethyl thioester were optimized, and the effect of surfactants was investigated. Among the organic solvents tested, the isooctane showed the highest conversion (92.19%) in a hydrolytic reaction of (S)-naproxen 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl thioester. In addition, the isooctane induced the highest initial reaction rate of (S)-naproxen 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl thioester ($V_s=2.34{\times}10^{-2}mM/h$), the highest enantioselectivity (E = 36.12) and the highest specific activity ($V_s/(E_t)=7.80{\times}10^{-4}mmol/h{\cdot}g$) of lipase. Furthermore, reaction conditions such as temperature, concentration of the substrate and enzyme, and agitation speed were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), and the statistical analysis indicated that the optimal conditions were $48.2^{\circ}C$, 3.51 mM, 30.11 mg/mL and 180 rpm, respectively. When the optimal reaction conditions were used, the conversion of (S)-naproxen 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl thioester was 96.5%, which is similar to the conversion (94.6%) that was predicted by the model. After optimization of reaction conditions, the initial reaction rate, lipase specific activity and conversion of (S)-naproxen 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl thioester increased by approximately 19.54%, 19.12% and 4.05%, respectively. The effect of surfactants such as Triton X-100 and NP-10 was also studied and NP-10 showed the highest conversion (89.43%), final reaction rate of (S)-naproxen 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl thioester ($V_s=1.175{\times}10^{-2}mM/h$) and enantioselectivity (E = 59.24) of lipase.

Prediction of Isothermal and Reacting Flows in Widely-Spaced Coaxial Jet, Diffusion-Flame Combustor (큰 지름비를 가지는 동축제트 확산화염 연소기내의 등온 및 연소 유동장의 예측)

  • O, Gun-Seop;An, Guk-Yeong;Kim, Yong-Mo;Lee, Chang-Sik
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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    • v.20 no.7
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    • pp.2386-2396
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    • 1996
  • A numerical simulation has been performed for isothermal and reacting flows in an exisymmetric, bluff-body research combustor. The present formulation is based on the density-weighted averaged Navier-Stokes equations together with a k-epsilon. turbulence model and a modified eddy-breakup combustion model. The PISO algorithm is employed for solution of thel Navier-Stokes system. Comparison between measurements and predictions are made for a centerline axial velocities, location of stagnation points, strength of recirculation zone, and temperature profile. Even though the numerical simulation gives acceptable agreement with experimental data in many respects, the present model is defictient in predicting the recoveryt rate of a central near-wake region, the non-isotropic turbulence effects, and variation of turbulent Schmidt number. Several possible explanations for these discrepancies have been discussed.

Comparison of Property Changes of Black Jujube and Zizyphus jujube Extracts during Lactic Acid Fermentation (흑대추와 일반 건조대추의 추출 및 유산발효과정 중 특성 변화)

  • Auh, Mi Sun;Kim, Yi Seul;Ahn, Seung Joon;Ahn, Jun Bae;Kim, Kwang Yup
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.41 no.10
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    • pp.1346-1355
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    • 2012
  • This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of black jujube and Zizyphus jujube extracts during lactic acid fermentation. Both extracts were fermented using Lactobacillus fermentum YL-3. As a result, viable cell number rapidly increased until 24 hours, after which it gradually decreased. Before lactic acid fermentation, the $IC_{50}$ of black jujube, which was 0.014 mg/mL, was lower than that of Zizyphus jujube. Further, black jujube showed stronger antioxidant activity (374.21 mg AA eq/g) than Zizyphus jujube. Contents of total polyphenolics in both extracts were 15.46 mg/g and 13.61 mg/g, respectively, whereas contents of total flavonoids were 374.21 ${\mu}g/g$ and 64.25 ${\mu}g/g$. After lactic acid fermentation, there was no significant increase in DPPH or ABTS free radical scavenging activity. Total polyphenolic content of Zizyphus jujube decreased to 12.39 mg/g upon fermentation, whereas flavonoid content significantly increased to 291.58 ${\mu}g/g$. Further, polyphenolic and flavonoid contents of black jujube increased from 15.46 mg/g to 17.46 mg/g and from 374.21 ${\mu}g/g$ to 1,135.29 ${\mu}g/g$, respectively. These results demonstrate that 9-Times Steamed and Dried increased functional components. Especially, lactic acid fermented black jujube showed remarkably high antioxidant activity. These results confirm the potential use of lactic acid fermented black jujube as a valuable resource for the development of functional foods.