• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.126-131
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• 2016

Although many studies have been conducted to find solutions to deal with human errors effectively, violations have been rarely studied in depth. The violation is a type of human error when an employee takes an action with intention but does not intend harmful outcomes. Violations have characteristics similar to other types of human errors but it is difficult to understand the intention of an employee from accident reports. The objective of this study is to develop a conceptual model of violation errors for preventing accidents/failures in a nuclear power plant from violation errors. Based on the previous studies, the characteristics of violations were collected in 9 categories and 136 items. They were classified into three-kinds of characteristics (human-related, task-related, organization-related characteristics) to construct conceptual models of routine/situational violations. The representative cases of accidents/failures in a nuclear power plant were analyzed to derive the specific types of routine/situational violation occurrence. Three types of conceptual model for each violation were derived according to whether the basic, human-related, and task-related characteristics are included or not. The conceptual models can be utilized to develop guidelines to support employees preventing routine/situational violations and to develop supportive system in nuclear power plant.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.522-530
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 ASIC 기반으로 칩을 개발하는 경우에 ECO 단계에서 몇 가지 타이밍 위반을 효율적으로 수정할 수 있는 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 이러한 타이밍 위반은 여러 가지 원인으로 발생할 수가 있는데 이 원인들 중에서 툴들의 특성 때문에 발생하는 것이 주요인이다. 이러한 violation 중에서 가장 빈번히 발생하는 것이 셋업 시간 위반과 홀드 시간위반이다. 먼저 이러한 타이밍 위반이 발생하는 원인을 분석한 후에 이들을 극복하기 위한 타이밍 조절 방법을 제안한다. 각각의 타이밍 위반들은 데이터 요구 시간을 증가시키거나 데이터 도달 시간을 감소시킴으로서 해 결할 수 있는데 그 구체적인 방법들을 경우에 따라 제안한다. 이러한 방법들은 어떠한 정해진 알고리즘과 원리에 의해서 수행하기는 어렵고, 경우에 따라서 ASIC 엔지니어가 적절하게 선택하여 적용해야 한다.

• 약학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.442-452
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• 1993

Previous experimental and clinical investigations suggest a possible role of new nootropic drug, oxiracetam, in improving cognitive performances in patients affected by organic brain syndrome. In this study, the cognitive and behavioral effects of oxiracetam treatment in patients with clinical symptoms of organic brain syndrome were evaluated. Sixty-six patients were enrolled and assigned to either oxiracetam or placebo, according to a randomized, double-blind design between two patient-groups. Either oxiracetam or placebo was orally given bid for 8 weeks ; daily dose of oxiracetam was 1600mg. All the patients, enrolled in this study, were diagnosed as having mild to moderate cognitive dysfunction as defined by a baseline Mini Mental State ExaminationKorean version (MMSE-K) score between 14 and 25. The patients under-went, at baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after, routine laboratory study (CBC, SMA12, U/A, EKG) and the following neuropsychological tests ; MMSE-K, modified Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale(MKWIS), Nurses' Observation Scale for Geriatric patients(NOSGER). Fifteen patients of whom were dropped out or excluded from the analysis because of poor compliance or violation of the protocol. Fiftyone patients (aged 54~78 years, male 25, female 26) were analyzed (vascular dementia, 30 ; senile dementia of Alzheimer type, 9 ; mixed type, 5 ; other cause, 7). Statistical analysis of the data demonstrated that the two groups were comparable at baseline. At the end of each study period the oxiracetam group scored significantly better on the majority of the tests evaluating cognitive function, psychometricity and the improvement rating scale of subjective symptoms than placebo group, in which worsening trends or no changes were seen on the whole. No side effects were noted during oxiracetam treatment. The present study, showing positive clinical findings after oxiracetam therapy, confirmed that this drug can be useful pharmacological treatment in organic brain syndrome.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2020

본 연구는 불법적으로 수산물에 사용될 수 있는 염료 18 종에 대한 안전관리 강화를 위해 정량 및 정성 분석이 가능한 LC-MS/MS 를 적용하여 검증하기 위해 수행되었다. 확립된 시험법은 CODEX CAC/GL-71 가이드라인에 따라 직선성, 정밀성, 정량한계 및 회수율 등을 통해 유효성을 확인하였다. 대상시료에 1% 아세트산을 함유한 아세토니트릴로 추출 후 C₁₈ 과 PSA 로 정제하였다. 본 실험에서 정량한계는 0.002 mg/kg 수준으로 정량한계를 포함한 농도에 따라 검량선을 작성하였고 모두 0.98 이상의 직선성을 확인하였다. 또한 정확성은 63%-112% 이고, 정밀도는 15% 이하로 재현성이 우수하였다. 국내 유통 중인 수산물 124 건을 수거하여 개발된 분석법의 적용성 검증과 안전성을 확인하고자 잔류실태조사를 실시 하였고 그 결과 7 건이 미량으로 검출 되었고 부적합은 없었다. 확립된 시험법은 수산물 안전관리에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료되는 바이다.