• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.123-132
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• 2020

Purpose: In this study, the authors propose a flood evacuation plan for skyscrapers with law related to underground space of skyscrapers, domestic and international underground space flood case study and simulation test. Method: This study compares the evacuation pattern of various case from flooded underground spaces extending over several floors with respect to the number of evacuation routes with. Also, simulation test was performed by setting up the virtual underground spaces consisting of three-stories basement and changing the number of the ground entrance, area of the basement and the flooding heights of the basement. Result: There was no difference in evacuation route according to the inundation risk even if there was an area corresponding to risk level 4. This is because the risk in the starting area is greater than that in the evacuation route. Especially, even if the risk of evacuation route increases with time, there is no change in route because the route must be passed to reach the evacuation site. Conclusion: In this study, there was no difference in evacuation route according to the inundation risk. However, if the size and shape of the underground space of each building is different, the depth of inundation with time may be different.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.2455-2464
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• 2013

This study is focused on the effect of reformation of public transportation system on the efficiency of bus route system as a result of change of government subsidy scheme. Two types of government subsidy scheme has been considered and before and after analysis by Data Envelopment Analysis technique has been carried out for bus routes in Ulsan Metropolitan City. The analysis output has shown that there is no clear evidence to clarify the relationship between the change of government subsidy scheme and the efficiency of bus route system. There are two types of backgrounds may be suggested for this situation such as more longer period necessary to identify the policy effect and limitation to increase the number of passenger in a provincial city. Tobit regression analysis has also been conducted to discover the most effective variables for maximum efficiency and three variables including route length, frequency per vehicle per day, and headway are found to be influential. It is also seen that strategy to minimising input factors and service upgrade plan such as shortened route length and headway, increasing frequency per vehicle are necessary to develop the efficiency of bus routes operated in Ulsan city.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.81-90
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• 2008

Bus passengers need some time to adapt to the changed bus route or free bus transfer system which is part of the public transportation system restructuring plan. This research is focused on the characteristics of monthly patterns of bus passengers. The period of stabilization of bus passenger demand after the rearrangement of bus route system by a time series were analysed. In order to look into the characteristics of bus passenger demand by month, data on the number of monthly bus passengers of recent five years in metropolitan cities across the nation was collected. Kendall's coefficient of concordance is used to test whether the cities showed concordance with respect to the number of monthly bus passengers during a period of five years. The study collected and performed a time series analysis of data on the number of monthly bus passengers during the past ten years in Daegu metropolitan area which carried out a new bus route plan in February 2006. The number of monthly bus passengers in 2006 was estimated using the time series analysis. The city of Daegu found that after six months the estimated and actual values displayed a similar pattern. This result can be applied to other cities in estimating the passenger demands in the future.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.1-21
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• 2015

This study verifies the change in market conditions in the Korea-China and Korea-Japan car ferry routes. Variation in historical development has led to differences in the lifecycle stages of these two car ferry shipping markets. However, previous studies have focused on individual car ferry routes rather than offering a more general understanding of this market. Based on the foregoing, we investigate the international car ferry market conditions from/to Korean ports, assess the management performances of car ferry companies, analyze the lifecycle stages of each car ferry route, and offer insights into the future of these markets. We show that the competitive market conditions and demands of passengers and cargoes differ between these routes. As for the market stage, we conclude that the Korea-China route is entering a mature market, whereas the Korea-Japan route is entering a declining stage.

• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.68-79
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to propose a transit accessibility analysis method based on temporal variability of travel time. In this study, transit accessibility was defined in three levels (in transit route, spot and region unit) to present findings from different spatial scopes. Recently, Jeju special self-governing province reorganized bus system of the island. To compare transit accessibility before and after transit policy implementation, the reorganized bus system of Jeju special self-governing province was selected as a case study. This study used General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) data format as storage public transit information, and calculated travel time using ArcGIS GTFS networks analysis tools. In the analysis of individual transit route level, we found the 3 types of accessibility changes which is increments, no significant changes and reductions and these results come from transit route change (number of transfer, distance change) rather than changes of vehicle interval. We found increases of inflow and outflow speed in most target spots and overall transit accessibility has been substantially improved in Jeju island. This study implies that accounting for temporal variability of travel time in accessibility analysis can result in more useful and sophisticated accessibility information in decision-making processes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1975-1979
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• 2005

Equal channel angular pressing has been employed to produce materials with ultra-fine grains that have high strength and high corrosion resistance properties. Along with the experiments, the finite element method has been widely performed to investigate the deformation behavior of specimen and the effects of process parameters of ECAP. In general, several steps of ECAP have been repeatedly executed. In this paper, the effects of sectional shape change have been investigated during ECMAP (RouteA, RouteC) with pure-Zr by using three-dimensional finite element analysis. The results have been compared with the experimental results.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.151-156
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• 2008

The after 1974 capital region electric railroad is opened to traffic Koraill and Seoul metro adopt each other different power supply method and they operate and they are come. AC 25[kv] method voltage the insulation becomes larger standing distance highly, the case tunnel section which will introduce in the underground segment becomes on a large scale and the cost of construction increases to the city center and the underground segment adoption of DC method was many. To recent times with R-bar (Rigid-bar) introductions change of tunnel section the introduction of AC method came to be easy without in the underground segment. Operates sees in the electric protection where the Seoul metro and the Korail are different each other and, from the dead section segment the interior electric light to put out lights the passenger brings about inconveniently and the civil appeal which demands a power supply method unification occurs, within the company interchange electric railroad brazier safety improvement and maintenance expense curtailment etc. the flaw is original proposal, is a condition which finishes a feasibility study service about the power supply method fringe land. Interchange analysis of the DC electric railway it leads from the present paper and it compares under analyzing being it could be reflected to also the route which is in the process of actual using boil the strong point and a weak point of DC and AC method of the establishment route constructive at the time of and

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2021

Rising urban flood patterns are a universal phenomenon and a significant challenge for city government and urban planners worldwide. Urban flood problems range from relatively localized incidents to substantial incidents, which lead to cities being flooded for a few hours to several days. Therefore, the effect may be widespread, such as the temporary displacement of individuals, disruption to civic facilities, water quality degradation and the possibility of epidemics. The problems raised by urban flooding are highly challengeable and compound by ongoing climate change, with adverse implications for changes in rainfall and gaps in intra-urban rainfall distribution. Unplanned construction and invasions of large houses along rivers and watercourses have interfered in natural rivers and watercourses. As a result, the runoff has risen in proportion to the urbanization of the urban floods. The location of the relief camp and the priority for evacuation were determined, and the safest route to avoid floods were established. This method can be used for emergency planning in future flood incidents, and it will help plan disaster preparedness for Panchayat. This study will promote the flood plain's potential use for disaster management and land use planning virtually.

• Strategy21
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• s.30
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• pp.200-235
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• 2012

Over the past few years, due to the climate change of the earth, the Arctic's sea ice cover is undergoing a historic transformation - thinning, extent reduction in all seasons, and mitigation in the area of multi-year ice in the central Arctic Ocean. These changes allow for increases in maritime access throughout the Arctic Ocean and for potential longer seasons of navigation and possibly transarctic voyage in the summer. These changes also allow more exploration for oil, gas, and other minerals. The Arctic is now an archetype of the complex, multi-dimensional global problems of the twenty-first century. Military security, environmental security, and economic security interact. The potentially enormous economic stakes, sufficient to change the strategic balance among the states of the region, set off competitive pressures for national advantage. Korea, which is heavily dependent upon the sea lane in terms of transportation of its exports and imports, is very much interested in the Arctic sea routes. Korea believes that the Artic sea route, particularly the Northern Sea Route (NSR), could serve as a new useful sea lane, which will enable shorter times between East Asia and Europe, thus resulting in substantial cost saving for ship operators. In addition to shipping, Korea is interested in other Arctic-related maritime industries. Korea, as a leading shipbuilder in the global market, is interested in building ice breakers, drill ships, and other vessels which can contribute to safe operation in Arctic resource development and exploration. Korea, as one of the future stakeholders in Arctic maritime activities, should be ready to foster international cooperation in the region.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.53-64
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to find out the fast delivery route that several drones return a truck again after departing from it for delivery locations at each cluster while the truck goes through the cluster composed of several delivery locations. The main issue is to reduce the total delivery time composed of the delivery time by relatively slow trucks via clusters and the sum of maximum delivery times by relatively fast drones in each cluster. To solve this problem, we use a three-step heuristic approach. First, we cluster the nearby delivery locations with minimal number of clusters satisfying a constraint of drone flight distance to set delivery paths for drones in each cluster. Second, we set an optimal delivery route for a truck through centers of the clusters using the TSP model. Finally, we find out the moved centers of clusters while maintaining the delivery paths for the truck and drones and satisfying the constraint of drone flight. distance in the two-dimensional region to reduce the total delivery time. In order to analyze the effect of this study model according to the change of the number of delivery locations, we developed a R-based simulation prototype and compared the relative efficiency, and performed paired t-test between TSP model and the cluster-based models. This study showed its excellence through this experimentation.