• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.501-511
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• 2002

This paper presents a study of the effect of rolling temperature, roll gap (pass height), initial specimen size and steel grades of specimens on the roll force in round-oval-round pass sequence by applying approximate method and verifications through single stand pilot rod rolling tests. The results show that the predicted roll forces are in good agreement with the experimentally measured ones. The approximate model is independent of the change of roll gap, specimen size and temperature. Thus, the generality of the prediction methodology employed in the approximate model is proven. This study also demonstrates that Shida's constitutive equation employed in the approximate model needs to be corrected somehow to be applicable for the medium and high carbon steels in a lower temperature interval (700∼900$\^{C}$).

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.706-709
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• 2005

The absence of the nipple-areolar complex(NAC) in men are seldom stated, as a result of trauma, burn, mastectomy, or after the correction of extreme bilateral gynecomastia. A total of 50 healthy men aged 21 to 27 years were examined. We recorded the configuration (dimensions and shape) and the location of the NAC with respect to fixed skeletal anatomic landmarks. Of the 50 subjects examined, 44 had oval and 6 had a round NAC. The mean diameter for a round NAC was 24.3 mm. The center of the NAC was in the fourth intercostal space in 41 volunteers and in the fifth intercostal space in 9 of the subjects. To localize the NAC on the chest wall, at least three reproducible measurements proved to be necessary, composed of a horizontal line(distance from the midsternal line to the nipple, A), a medial oblique line(distance from the sternal notch to the nipple, B) and a lateral oblique line(distance from the acromioclavicular joint to the nipple, C). Using these three parameters, we recommend that the appropriate location can be calculated derived from the circumference of the chest.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.379-381
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• 1973

The authors have observed a case o hemangioendothelioma occurred on the left palate and buccal mucosa of a 40 year old woman. The results are as follows. 1) A blue-red round mass, 1.0cm in diameter, appeared on the palate and a blueviolet oval mass, 1.2cm in diamcter, on he buccal mucosa, and both of them showed a tendency to bleed after even slight trauma. 2) Microscopically the lesion was composed predominantly of masses of endothelial cells proliferating in and about the undifferentiated vascular channels. 3) well-vascularized tissue was made up of vascular spaces, showing infilitration of small round cells.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.107-123
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• 1983

The globus pallidus of normal cats were prepared for electron microscopic study following perfusion with a mixture of 1% paraformaldehyde and 1% glutaraldehyde solution. Neurons of two size categories were identified in 1 $\\mu$m araldite sections and their ultrastructural characteristics were studied in adjacent thin section. 1. Large neurons ($30 \\mum \\times 45 \\mum$ in diameter) had extensive areas of rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulm, abundant perinuclear Golgi complex, numerous mitochondria and lipofusin granule, and had a large spherical nucleus with shallow indentation of nuclear manbrane. Small neurons ($17 \\mum \\times 27 \\mum$ in diameter) had poorly rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, moderate number of mitochondria and randomly distributed Golgi complex. The nuclear envelope of this cell frequently showed multiple deep invagination. 2. Three types of axo-somatic synapses were identified on the basis of the size and shape of vesicle in the axon terminal and the symmetrical or asymmetrical thickening at the synaptic site. Type I synaptic terminal shows an even distribution of round and oval synaptic vesicles, and has a symmetrical synaptic thickening. Type II axon terminals reveal mostly round and pleomorphic vesicles and a few vesicles were localized near the presynaptic membrane in pale axoplasm and its synaptic thickening were symmetric. Type III axon terminals contain round vesicles, which were aggregated in the axoplasm, and has a asymmetrical synaptic thickening. 3. The majority of axo-somatic contact with the large and small neurons were type I, and type II and III synapes were rare.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.483-489
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• 1997

This study was performed to investigate the differentiation and distribution of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT}-immunoreactive cells in the magnacellular preoptic nucleus (MCPO) of the postnatal and adult rat forebrains, utilizing techniques of immunocytochemistry. According to the cell shape and the ratio of long axis versus short axis of cell soma, the ChATimmunoreactive nerve cells in the MCPO were classified into six types: 1) round, 2) oval, 3) elongated, 4) fusiform, 5) triangular, and 6) polygonal types. Frequency distributions of the oval and round nerve cells on the postnatal day (PND) 0 were observed to be high. But in the adult, frequency distributions of the same cells were shown to decrease. Compared to those of the postnatal rats, frequency distributions of elongated, fusiform, triangular, and polygonal nerve cells in the adult were increased. The total mean volumes of ChAT-immunoreactive cell somata in the MCPO of PND 0 rat were the lowest, while those in the PND 17 rat were shown to be the highest and decreased in the adult. The soma volumes of the immunoreactive cells at the PND 17 were evenly distributed, but those in the other developmental stages (e.g. PND 7 and adult) appeared to exhibit unimodal distributions. On the electron micrography, the free ribosomes, polysomes, and rough endoplasmic reticula (RER) of the nerve cells in the MCPO of PND 21 rat forebrains were immunoreactive to ChAT in the tissues untreated with triton X-100. According to the observations in the present study, it is considered that the ChAT-immunoreactive nerve cells in the MCPO of the rat forebrains are differentiated throughout the following processes during the postnatal development: 1) increase in cell soma volumes, 2) development of neurites, 3) increase in the frequency of differentiated cell types, and 4) decrease in cell soma volumes. The ribosomes, polysomes, and RER are considered to be closely related to the intracellular localization and biosynthesis of the ChAT but not Golgi complex.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.169-176
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• 1996

This study was peformed in order to evaluate the usefulness of the crush cytologic features and differential diagnosis between meningiomas and schwannomas in the central nervous system. Deeply seated and unusually located meningiomas and schwannomas with equivocal or erroneous frozen section diagnosis can be correctly diagnosed cytologically in crush preparations. Twenty-four meningiomas and nine schwannomas were studied by frozen section and crush preparation technique. These tumors displayed distinctive cytologic features. in meningiomas, the tumor tissue fragments were easy to crush, and the tumor cells were arranged in small clusters, flat sheets, papilla-like, whorling pattern or singly. Individual tumor cells displayed round or oval nuclei with finely granular chromatin pattern and inconspicuous small nucleoli. Occasionally psammoma bodies, nuclear pseudoinclusion or nuclear grooves were found. In schwannomas, tissue fragments were hard in consistency and difficult to crush. The crushed tissue presented as thick, irregular fragments with shard borders. The cells showed ill-defined cytoplasm and round, oval, cigar-shaped or curved nuclei. It is important to emphasize that the smear pattern under low-power view and cytologic features are helpful in discriminating between these two tumors.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.311-316
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• 2008

A 7-year-old female Shih Tzu dog with lots of masses in the whole mammary gland was presented to the surgery department of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital in the Cheju National University. After surgical excision, all mammary samples were referred to Pathology Department of Veterinary Medicine. Grossly, masses were measuring up to $6.5{\times}4{\times}1cm$ and on cut surface of masses in right 1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th and left 1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th mammary masses were well delineated and firm, sulphur yellow, solid round to oval shape. Microscopically, most neoplastic sweat glands were severely proliferated in dermis and subcutis. Most tubules were lined by round to oval shaped epithelium with eosinophilic cytoplasm, hyperchromatic nuclei with high mitotic figures and severe central necrosis. The neoplastic epithelium also had PAS-positive diastase-resistant cytoplasmic granules, but negative with Perls iron stain. The left 2nd mass was well delineated, and had several dark brown areas and yellowish white glittered areas. Mass was well circumscribed with dense connective tissue. Neoplastic areas contained irregular sized mammary gland with papillary grown luminal epithelial cells in single or double cells layer with mitotic figures and small amounts of proliferated myoepithelial cells. Proliferated myoepithelial cells also produced slightly basophilic mucinous materials. Based on the gross, histopathologic and special staining characteristics, this dog was diagnosed as 90% of apocrine sweat gland aenocarcinoma and 10% mammary. complex adenomas in mammary masses. In our best knowledge, this is the first report for concurrent occurrence of apocrine sweat gland adenocarcinoma and mammary gland complex adenoma in mammary masses of the same dog.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.157-174
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• 2013

This study aims to develop a proper face design for traditional fashion doll so that the Korean traditional doll can achieve its stand in the modern collection with the new face design based on researching documents, analyzing the examples and delivering a customer survey. The majority of dolls in traditional costume has an innocent look with inverted triangle shape face. But the inverted triangle or oval shape as well as the refined look of well balanced facial features are preferred. An oval face, elongated eyes with no double eyelid or inner double eyelid, plump lips and round and high nose are considered beautiful in the traditional figure. Based on this result, a new design is configured with an inverted triangular face with slightly plump cheeks, eyes with reduced eye, pupil and double eyelid, round nose without tuning up and small and full lower lip.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 1997

Meanwhile Pityrosporum species as well as Candida species in yeast phase are not pathogenic, Pityrosporum in mycelial phase is pathogenic. Pityrosporum species can be isolated not only from tinea versicolor patients but also from ninety (90) percent of healthy persons. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ketoconazole against Pityrosporum spp. was 0.05~0.8$\mu\textrm{g}$ ml$^{-1}$and the MIC of ketoconazole was the lowest. Of itraconazole, selenium sulfide, sodium thiosulfate and ketoconazole had the lowest MIC against P. orbiculare. The P. orbiculare strains isolated from healthy persons were inhibited by lower MIC than those isolated from tinea versicolor patients. P. ovale strains were inhibited by lower MIC at MIC$_{50}$ and MIC$_{90}$ of oral and topical antifungal agents than p. orbiculare.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.80-94
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to analyze and interpret the ponds appeared in the Korean traditional temples. Summarized findings are as follows: First, it appeared that the location of ponds of the Korean traditional temples is, in general, in both the entry space and transitional space of temple. And it is considered that such configurations of the location of ponds were done intentionally in order that the ponds should have a significance as same as the concept that a natural mountain stream separates the sacred place and the secular world. Second, since the size of the ponds appeared in the temples are considered to be what is transformed from the original one, it is hard to understand the real size. However, it is judged that since ponds we see at present played an element of the total space of a temple it is deemed that no significant change of the size of ponds have happened if the size of the structure a temple itself has ever changed. Third, it appeared that the forms of the temple's ponds are diversified in a square, oval, egg-shaped one, round shape(circle), natural shape, etc. and it is identified that most of the ponds inspected for this study appeared to be in shapes of an oval, egg-shaped one, and round shape which take a typical curve. Fourth, regarding the temples whose origins are from the Baekje dynasty or Shilla dynasty among the objects of this case study, there appear some uniform styles for each temple respectively. For example, in both the Junglim Temple's twin pond(定林寺 雙池) and the Mireuk Temple's twin pond(彌勒寺 雙池) which were built in the Baekje dynasty appears a twin-pond in a square shape, and in the Bulkuk temple(佛國寺), Haein temple(海印寺), Tongdo temple(通度寺), etc. which were built in the Silla dynasty appears the ponds in an egg-shape one. Fifth, regarding the function of the ponds appeared in the temples, the ponds are characterized with a lotus pond(蓮池), reflecting pond(影池), and pond complex(蓮 . 影池). In consideration of the 20 ponds in the 15 places of this study's object, there are 8 lotus ponds(蓮池), 6 reflecting ponds(影池), and 6 ponds complex(蓮 . 影池).