• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.213-217
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• 2008

This study investigated the effect of supplement of the pigment source in diets on body color for round tailed paradise fish Macropodus chinensis and the pale chub Zacco platypus. Fish (the round tailed paradise fish: 1.6 g/ fish, pale chub: 2.4 g/fish) were fed diets containing various pigment sources (Porphyra powder, Spirulina powder. yeast astaxanthin and paprika extract) twice a day for 6 weeks. Survival of all treatments was above 80%. Weight gain and total carotenoid contents of round tailed paradise fish fed the diet containing Porphyra powder was higher than that of fish fed the other diets. The apparent redness of skin and fin in round tailed paradise fish fed the diets containing paprika extract and yeast astaxanthin was better than that of fish fed the diets containing Porphyra powder, Spirulina powder and the control diet. Weight gain and total carotenoid contents of pale chub fed the diet containing paprika extract were higher than that of fish fed the containing Porphyra powder, yeast astaxanthin, Spirulina powder and the control diet. The apparent redness of skin and fin in pale chub fed the diets containing parika extract and yeast astaxanthin was better than that of fish fed the diets containing Porphyra powder, Spirulina and the control diet. The results of this study suggest that dietary supplementation with paprika extract and yeast astaxanthin can improve redness of skin and fin of round tailed paradise fish and pale chub.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.288-301
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• 2016

This paper employed typology and stratification as key elements to estimate quality evaluation of vinegar drink through Delphi and AHP(analytical hierarchical process) method to contribute the market expansion of the vinegar drink as a health drink. Through literature research and brainstorming with professionals, the first round of Delphi method was conducted with the open-ended questions including five upper concepts, i.e. 'ingredients', 'production method', 'product characteristics', 'functions' and 'packaging design'. Original study had 50 lower concepts as a result of the first round and added 'marketing' as an additional upper concept. The second and third round of Delphi method have been conducted with closed-ended questions based on the 50 lower concepts resulted from the first round. To seek concordant objectivity among the answers from the survey, the study used Kendall's W coefficient of concordance. 11 items were removed while 16 items were removed at the third round leaving 23 items through second round of Delphi method. For the final round, this study utilized the Pairwise Comparison Method to figure out the relative importance of the 23 items for the prioritization. Finally, current study formulated the final items which should be considered as an important factor in the quality evaluation of vinegar drink.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.4
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• pp.484-490
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• 2013

This study was conducted to develop a simulation model for estimating the amount of such products as round wood, dimension lumber and the residual wood biomass produced by processing the individual trees of Larix kaempferi. In the model, the stem volume is assessed using the taper equations of the species to estimate the stem forms. Then, the model simulates the conversion processes of logs to round wood or lumber and assesses the maximum amount of the wood products by the lumber dimensions or round wood size. Also the model provides information on the amount of residuals for kerf and slabs produced on the conversion processes for sawn timber or round wood. According to the results of an application of the model to a L. kaempferi process, the trees greater than 12 cm of DBH can be converted to logs for lumber or round wood production. For the trees, of which DBH is available for log conversion, the maximum amount of final products by dimensions were analyzed. In this analysis, production of the bigger dimension lumber was assumed to be preferred to that of the smaller or round wood. This model can be used for assesment of forest economic value through estimation of merchantable volume for the trees, and assessment of mill residues which has the potential to provide significant amount of feedstock for bioenergy production as well.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.395-403
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• 1998

In this study we determined fertilization processes and developmental ability of porcine oocytes following injection of round spermatid in the presence and absence of artificial activation. Electrical stimulation at 2 h before spermatid injection significantly increased the incidence of normal fertilization as compared to those following injection without stimulation or with stimulation immediately after injection. The incidences of two pronuclear formation and apposition were not different in oocytes between following intracytoplasmic spermatid and spermatid nucleus injection. Indirect immunocyto chemistry and laser scanning confocal microscopy study revealed that microtubuels were organized from the oocyte cortex following round spermatid injection, and this seemed to move both male and female pronuclei into the oocyte center. At 6 days following injection blastocoele formation was seen in the eggs following round spermatid (25%) and round spermatid nucleus injection (27%). However, none of oocytes developed to the blastocyst stage at 6 days following sham injection. The average cell numbers of blastocysts at 8 days following injection of spermatid and spermatid nucleus were 87 to 99. These results suggested that either round spermatid or it's nudeus can be used to produce viable embryos by injection into unfertilized oocytes in the pig.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.221-228
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• 2012

This study was performed to investigate the effects of various parts of sorghum-sorghum hybrid (SSH) silage on nutritive values and qualities of SSH round bale silage and trench silage. SSH "SS405" was harvested at heading stages and ensiled. Samples of SSH silage used in this study were collected in three different parts (outer, middle and inner). The contents of crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) in SSH round bale silage showed trends similar to SSH trench silage. However, the contents of acid detergent fiber (ADF) and total digestible nutrient (TDN) in SSH trench silage appeared slightly an increased trend, as compared to SSH round bale silage. The contents of CP in inner parts of both SSH round bale silage and trench silage were lower than those of Outer and middle parts (p<0.05). However, The contents of NDF, ADF and TDN, and IVDMD were not different between the parts of SSH silage. The content of lactic acid in SSH round bale silage was significantly decreased (p<0.05), as compared to SSH trench silage. The content of acetic acid appeared an decreased trends, but there is not significantly different between SSH round bale silage and trench silage. In addition, the contents of lactic acid, acetic acid and butyric acid were not different between the parts of SSH silage.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.124-135
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• 2018

This study investigated the nutritional properties and biological activities of Ganoderma lucidum (GL). The round type of GL contained higher carbohydrate content, while the Nokgak type of GL contained higher crude ash, crude fat, and crude protein content. The most abundant amino acid, fatty acid, mineral, and soluble vitamin observed were valine (round type: 11.90 mg/g and Nokgak type: 17.18 mg/g), linoleic acid (round type: 47.56% and Nokgak type: 75.68%), potassium (round type: 116.50 mg/100 g and Nokgak type: 184.36 mg/100 g), and vitamin B3 (round type: 1.78 mg/100 g and Nokgak type: 1.81 mg/100 g), respectively. In addition, the ${\beta}$-glucan content were 34.15 g/100 g (round type) and 30.07 g/100 g (Nokgak type). The GL 70% ethanol extract at $40^{\circ}C$ showed higher radical scavenging as well as carbohydrate and lipid enzyme inhibition than other conditions. At 1 mg/mL of treatment with the 70% ethanol extract at $40^{\circ}C$ of round type GL, the DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl radical scavenging, and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, ${\alpha}$-amylase, and pancreatic lipase inhibition activities obtained were approximately 92.85, 99.74, 58.09, 89.68, 44.68, and 67.56%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.875-888
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• 2021

In this paper, we search integral distinguishers of lightweight block cipher PIPO and propose a key recovery attack on 8-round PIPO-64/128 with the obtained 6-round distinguishers. The lightweight block cipher PIPO proposed in ICISC 2020 is designed to provide the efficient implementation of high-order masking for side-channel attack resistance. In the proposal, various attacks such as differential and linear cryptanalyses were applied to show the sufficient security strength. However, the designers leave integral attack to be conducted and only show that it is unlikely for PIPO to have integral distinguishers longer than 5-round PIPO without further analysis on Division Property. In this paper, we search integral distinguishers of PIPO using a MILP-aided Division Property search method. Our search can show that there exist 6-round integral distinguishers, which is different from what the designers insist. We also consider linear operation on input and output of distinguisher, respectively, and manage to obtain totally 136 6-round integral distinguishers. Finally, we present an 8-round PIPO-64/128 key recovery attack with time complexity 2^124.5849 and memory complexity of 2⁹³ with four 6-round integral distinguishers among the entire obtained distinguishers.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.153-163
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• 2003

Performed here is a comparative assessment study for the generation of the pressure-temperature limit curve of the reactor vessel. A round robin problem is proposed using the data available in Korea and all organizations interested in the generation of the pressure-temperature limit curve are invited. The problems consisting of 12 cases for cool-down are solved and their results are compared to generate a reference solution for the reference problem, which will be useful in the evaluation of the generation of the pressure-temperature limit curve in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2020

Background: The aim of this study is for the effects of upper trapezius (UT) inhibition on round shoulder posture (RSP) index, pectoralis minor index (PMI), UT activity and neck disability index (NDI) in adults with RSP. Methods: 30 male and female participants with RSP were included in this study. The participants were divided into two groups: experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG). the EG received UT inhibition 3 days a week for 5 weeks those in the CG did not receive UT inhibition. Results: RSP index, PMI, UT activity and NDI were measured again, There was a significant difference within the EG at pre- result and post-results. Conclusion: These results suggest that UT inhibition with an RSP program was effective in decreasing the RSP index, UT activity, and NDI in adults with RSP.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.171-179
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the fertilizing ability of round spematids isolated from seminiferous tubules. A round spermatid was introduced into the perivitelline space of a mature oocyte using Leitz micromanipulators and then subjected to electrofusion. Electrofusion was induced by applying a single DC pulse of 90V with a duration of 60$\mu$sec using Model 611 Square Wave Stimulator(Phipps and Bird, U.S.A) in 0.3 M sucrose fusion medium containing 0.05mM CaCl2 and 0.1mM MgSO4, Oocyte pre-activation was conducted by exposure to a single DC(80V, 80$\mu$sec) pulse in electrofusion medium at 1 hour before electrofusion. The incidence of fusion with pre-activated oocytes(23.8%, 57/239) was higher than that with nonactivated oocytes(6.7%, 3/45). The most of electro-stimulated mouse oocytes cleaved regardless of the success or failure of fusion. Karyotyping of embryos that developed into blastocysts after exposure to the fusion pulse were performe. We found that blastocysts from the fused oocytes were diploid whereas blastocysts from the unfused oocytes were haploid. About 11.7 and 11.5% of fused and unfused oocytes were developmental potentials of fused and unfused oocytes. Therefore, these results suggest that the mouse mture oocyte can be fertilized by fusion with a round spermtid and subsequently developed normally.