• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.256-263
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• 2022

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the image quality and dose reduction of low-dose three-dimensional (3D) rotational angiography (RA) for evaluating intracranial aneurysms. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical data and 3D RA datasets obtained from 146 prospectively registered patients (male:female, 46:100; median age, 58 years; range, 19-81 years). The subjective image quality of 79 examinations obtained from a conventional method and 67 examinations obtained from a low-dose (5-seconds and 0.10-μGy/frame) method was assessed by two neurointerventionists using a 3-point scale for four evaluation criteria. The total image quality score was then obtained as the average of the four scores. The image quality scores were compared between the two methods using a noninferiority statistical testing, with a margin of -0.2 (i.e., score of low-dose group - score of conventional group). For the evaluation of dose reduction, dose-area product (DAP) and air kerma (AK) were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results: The mean total image quality score ± standard deviation of the 3D RA was 2.97 ± 0.17 by reader 1 and 2.95 ± 0.20 by reader 2 for conventional group and 2.92 ± 0.30 and 2.95 ± 0.22, respectively, for low-dose group. The image quality of the 3D RA in the low-dose group was not inferior to that of the conventional group according to the total image quality score as well as individual scores for the four criteria in both readers. The mean DAP and AK per rotation were 5.87 Gy-cm² and 0.56 Gy, respectively, in the conventional group, and 1.32 Gy-cm² (p < 0.001) and 0.17 Gy (p < 0.001), respectively, in the low-dose group. Conclusion: Low-dose 3D RA was not inferior in image quality and reduced the radiation dose by 70%-77% compared to the conventional 3D RA in evaluating intracranial aneurysms.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.97-114
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• 1996

INSTRODUCTION Service quality is, unlike goods quality, an abstract and elusive constuct. Service quality and its requirements are not easily understood by consumers, and also present some critical research problems. However, quality is very important to marketers and consumers in that it has many strategic benefits in contributing to profitability of marketing activities and consumers' problem-solving activities. Moreover, despite the phenomenal growth of medical service sector, few researchers have attempted to define and model medical service quality. Especially, little research has focused on the evaluation of medical service quality and patient satisfaction from the perspectives of both the provider and the patient. As competition intensifies and patients are demanding higher quality of medical service, medical service quality and patient satisfaction has emerged as a critical research topic. The major purpose of this article is to explore the concept of medical service quality and its evaluation from both nurse and patient perspectives. This article attempts to achieve its purpose by (1)classfying critical service attibutes into threecategories(satisfiers, hygiene factors, and performance factors). (2)measuring the relative importance of need criteria, (3)evaluating SERVPERF model and SERVQUAL model in medical service sector, and (4)identifying the relationship between perceived quality and overall patient satisfaction. METHOD Data were gathered from a sample of 217 patients and 179 nurses in Seoul-area general hospitals. From the review of previous literature, 50 survey items representing various facets of the medical service quality were developed to form a questionnaire. A five-point scale ranging from "Strongly Agree"(5) to "Strongly Disagree"(1) accompanied each statement(expectation statements, perception statements, and importance statements). To measure overall satisfaction, a seven-point scale was used, ranging from "Very Satisfied"(7) to "Very Dissatisfied"(1) with no verbal labels for scale points 2 through 6 RESULTS In explaining the relationship between perceived performance and overall satisfaction, only 31 variables out of original 50 survey items were proven to be statistically significant. Hence, a penalty-reward analysis was performed on theses 31 critical attributes to find out 17 satisfiers, 8 hygiene factors, and 4 performance factors in patient perspective. The role(category) of each service quality attribute in relation to patient satisfaction was com pared across two groups, that is, patients and nurses. They were little overlapped, suggesting that two groups had different sets of 'perceived quality' attributes. Principal components factor analyses of the patients' and nurses' responses were performed to identify the underlying dimensions for the set of performance(experience) statements. 28 variables were analyzed by using a varimax rotation after deleting three obscure variables. The number of factors to be extracted was determined by evaluating the eigenvalue scores. Six factors wereextracted, accounting for 57.1% of the total variance. Reliability analysis was performed to refine the factors further. Using coefficient alpha, scores of .84 to .65 were obtained. Individual-item analysis indicated that all statements in each of the factors should remain. On 26 attributes of 31 critical service quality attributes, there were gaps between actual patient's importance of need criteria and nurse perceptions of them. Those critical attributes could be classified into four categories based on the relative importance of need criteria and perceived performance from the perspective of patient. This analysis is useful in developing strategic plans for performance improvement. (1) top priorities(high importance and low performance) (in this study)- more health-related information -accuracy in billing - quality of food - appointments at my convenience - information about tests and treatments - prompt service of business office -adequacy of accommodations(elevators, etc) (2) current strengths(high importance and high performance) (3)unnecessary strengths(low importance and high performance) (4) low priorities(low importance and low performance) While 26 service quality attributes of SERPERF model were significantly related to patient satisfation, only 13 attributes of SERVQUAL model were significantly related. This result suggested that only experience-based norms(SERVPERF model) were more appropriate than expectations to serve as a benchmark against which service experiences were compared(SERVQUAL model). However, it must be noted that the degree of association to overall satisfaction was not consistent. There were some gaps between nurse percetions and patient perception of medical service performance. From the patient's viewpoint, "personal likability", "technical skill/trust", and "cares about me" were most significant positioning factors that contributed patient satisfaction. DISCUSSION This study shows that there are inconsistencies between nurse perceptions and patient perceptions of medical service attributes. Also, for service quality improvement, it is most important for nurses to understand what satisfiers, hygiene factors, and performance factors are through two-way communications. Patient satisfaction should be measured, and problems identified should be resolved for survival in intense competitive market conditions. Hence, patient satisfaction monitoring is now becoming a standard marketing tool for healthcare providers and its role is expected to increase.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2015

목 적 : 폐암환자의 비동일면 선속 빔(Non-coplanar beam) 을 이용한 방사선치료 시 HeaxPOD evo RT system(6D couch)의 정확성을 평가 하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 본원에서 SBRT 환자 중 비동일면 선속 빔을 사용한 폐암환자 13명과, 동일면 선속 빔을 사용하는 폐암환자 10명을 대상으로 하였다. 대상 환자의 자세보정에 있어 Pitch, Roll, Yaw 방향에 대한 보정을 적용, 미적용으로 구분하고, 레이저(Laser)를 Arccheck(Helical grid diode detectors)의 동 중심점에 정렬시킨 후 Arccheck으로 ${\gamma}$값과 전리함(Pinpoint type chamber)을 이용하여 점 선량을 측정하였다. 평가를 위해 점 선량 측정값과 ${\gamma}$-Index(3% / 3 mm, 2% / 2 mm)를 지표로 비교분석 하였다. 결 과 : HexaPOD 미적용 시 치료계획과 비교하여 동일평면 선속 빔의 경우 ${\gamma}$-Index<1(${\gamma}=1$, 3% / 3 mm) 비율은 97.3%, 점 선량은 0.8% 의 차이를 보였다. 비 동일평면 선속 빔의 경우 각각 90.8%, 0.7%로 나타났다. HexaPOD 적용 시, 같은 조건에서 동일평면 선속 빔의 경우 각각 99.5%, 0.6%를 나타냈으며, 비 동일평면 선속 빔의 경우 각각 97.8%, 0.5%의 결과를 나타냈다. ${\gamma}$-Index<1(2% / 2 mm)의 경우, HexaPOD 미적용 시 동일평면 선속 빔의 경우 82%, 비 동일평면 선속 빔의 경우 78.3%를 나타냈으며 HexaPOD 적용 시 각각 91.2%, 93.4%의 결과가 나타났다. 결 론 : HexaPOD를 적용한 경우가 더욱 정확성이 향상되는 것을 확인할 수 있어, 고 정밀 방사선치료의 비 동일평면 선속 빔 사용 시 HexaPOD 사용이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.248-256
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) 상향 링크 시스템에서 발생하는 높은 PAPR(Peak to Average Power Ratio) 문제를 해결하기 위한 방법으로 선택적 DFT(Discrete Fourier Transform) spreading 기법을 새롭게 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 기존의 DFT spreading 기법에 선택적 특성을 추가한 것으로, SLM(Selective Mapping) 기법과 DFT spreading 기법이 혼합된 형태를 갖는다. 그러나 제안된 기법은 copy branch를 사용함에 있어 그 복잡도의 증가를 최소화하기 위해 하나의 DFT만을 사용하고, DFT출력 신호에 여러 개의 각기 다른 matrix를 곱함으로써 여러 개의 copy branch를 생성한다. 여기서 사용된 matrix는 DFT 앞에서의 입력 데이터 위상 회전을 선형 변환함으로써 얻어진 것으로, 각각의 matrix는 그 복잡도가 하나의 DFT보다 매우 낮게 설계된다. 성능 분석을 위해 QPSK 변조 및 512 point IFFT의 사용을 가정하고 한 사용자에게 할당된 sub-carrier 수는 각각 75, 100인 두 가지 경우를 고려하였다. 성능 분석 결과에서, 제안된 선택적 DFT spreading 기법은 copy branch 수가 4일 때 약 5.2 dB 이상의 PAPR 저감 효과를 가지며, 이는 기존의 DFT spreading만을 사용하는 경우 보다 약 1.8 dB 이상, 그리고 32 copy branch를 사용하는 SLM보다도 약 0.95 dB 이상의 뛰어난 PAPR 저감 성능이다. 또한 복잡도의 비교에서도 사용자에게 할당된 sub-carrier의 수가 100일 때, 제안된 기법은 기존의 DFT spreading 기법 보다는 증가되었으나 제안된 기법의 성능에 가장 근접하는 32 copy branch의 SLM보다 약 91.79 % 저감된 곱셈 량을 갖는다. 제안된 기법의 효율성을 확인할 수 있으며, 사용자에게 할당된 sub-carrier의 수가 증가되어 단일 사용자가 모든 sub-carrier를 사용하는 경우, 즉 일반적인 OFDM과 같은 상황에서도 유사한 성능적 이득을 예상할 수 있다.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.75-79
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• 2019

관상동맥 혈류예비능(CFR)은 관상동맥 협착에 대한 기능적 평가를 하는데 중요한 지표로 사용되고, 허혈성 심장질환(IHD)의 발생을 조기에 진단할 수 있다. 최근 도입된 Discovery NM 530c (D530c) 장비의 구조적 특성으로 인해 동적인 영상 획득이 가능해졌고, 심근 혈류 및 관상동맥 혈류예비능의 측정을 할 수 있게 되었다. D530c 19개 CZT 검출기의 FOV가 교차되는 영역을 QFOV라고 하며, 영상의 질을 위해 QFOV 중앙으로부터 2 cm 이내 심장을 위치시키고 촬영할 것을 권고하고 있다. 동적 심근관류 SPECT 시에 심장의 위치를 선정하기 위한 최적화된 방법을 연구하였다. 심장의 위치를 측정하기 위한 도구로 이동형 초음파를 이용하였다. 환자는 parasternal long-axis view (PLAX) 스캔하였고, 심장 내 구조물이 잘 보이는 탐촉자 지점에 위치를 표시하였다. 환자의 신체에 표시한 지점과 D530c 검출기에 표시된 기준점을 서로 일치시킨 상태에서 약물부하(stress)를 하였고, 방사성동위원소를 순간주사(bolus injection) 하면서 동적 촬영을 시행하였다. 3시간 경과 후, 휴지기(rest) 촬영 시 QFOV 중앙에 심장이 위치하도록 조정하였다. 테이블 및 검출기 위치에 대하여 이동형 초음파를 이용한 dynamic stress와 QFOV 중앙에 위치시킨 rest의 좌표를 비교 분석한 결과, 모든 항목에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(P > 0.05). 이동형 초음파의 이용은 비교적 사용이 간편하면서 시간 단축과 함께 공간의 제약이 없었고, 심장의 정확한 위치 선정에 도움이 되었다. 이는 영상의 질향상과 환자의 불필요한 방사선 피폭을 최소화하고, 심근혈류 및 관상동맥 혈류예비능의 정량적 평가에 도움을 줌으로써 임상적 진단에 효과적일 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.25-57
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 인터넷 점포에서 의류상품 구매후기를 작성하는 동기의 유형을 규명하는 한편 작성 동기 유형에 따라 인터넷 점포 고객들을 범주화하고, 각 집단의 작성행동, 인터넷 구매 행동, 인구사회적 특성의 차이를 규명하였다. 초점집단 면접과 온라인 서베이를 통해 연구되었으며, 정량적 연구에서는 의류상품 구매후기를 읽은 경험과 작성한 경험이 많은 국내 인터넷 점포 여성 고객 252명을 대상으로 자료가 수집되었다. 연구결과, 인터넷 점포에서 구매후기를 작성하는 동기 유형은 이타적 정보 공유, 불만해소 및 보복, 경제적 보상 추구, 상품 개발 지원, 감동 표현으로 나타났다. 특히, 작성행동에 대한 영향력이 큰 동기는 이타적 정보 공유 동기와 경제적 보상 추구 동기였다. 인터넷 점포 고객은 작성동기 유형에 따라 소비자 옹호 집단, 이익 추구 집단, 중도적 집단으로 범주화되었으며, 세 집단은 구매후기 작성행동, 인터넷 구매빈도, 인구사회적 요인들에서 차별적 특성을 보였다. 소비자 옹호 집단과 이익 추구 집단을 대상으로 인터넷 점포 구전 채널 관리 방안이 제시되었다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.71-83
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• 2009

The documentary characteristics of acupuncture and moxibustion recorded in Dusagyeong(杜思敬)'s".Jesaengbalsu(濟生拔粹)" can be summarized into 3 major parts: 1. "Gyeolgo-ungichimbeop(潔古雲岐鍼法)" and "Dutaesachimbeop(竇太師鍼法)" 1) "Gyeolgo-ungichimbeop" was edited by Dusagyeong of the Won dynasty, and was recorded in "Jesaengbalsu". Du was influenced by his teacher Heohyeong(許衡) and followed Janggyeolgo(張潔古) and his son Jangbyeok(張璧), and collected his work "Chimgu-pyeon(鍼灸篇)" for Jang and named it "Gyeolgo-ungichimbeop", and took the content from the medical book of Jang and his student Wang-haejang(王海藏). (2) "Jesaengbalsu"'s original edition exists today. The "Gyeolgo-ungichimbeop" listed in "Jesaengbalsu"'s index contain two collections, the first collection being "Gyeolgo-ungichimbeop" and the second collection being "Dutaesachimbeop(竇太師鍼法)" (3) Gyeolgo(潔古)、Un-gija(雲岐子)'s acupuncture methods can be seen in Un-gija "Bomyeongjipryuyo(保命集類要)" and Wanghaejang "Chasananji(此事難知)". (4) The related acupuncture methods are 'Non-gyeong-rak-yeongsubosabeop(論經絡迎隨補瀉法)', 'Gyeong-rakchwiwonbeop(經絡取原法)', 'Jeopgyeongbeop(接經法)', and 'Sang-hanyeolbyeongjabeop(傷寒熱病刺法)' (5) Du's edition of the entire text of 'Gyeolgojajetongbeop(潔古刺諸痛法)' 'Jasimtongjehyeol(刺心痛諸穴)' and the first half of 'Jeopgyeongbeop(接經法)' is all recorded in "Somunbyeonggigi-uibomyeongjip(素問病機氣宜保命集)". The existing "Somunbyeonggigi-uibomyeongjip" is a combination of the unfinished posthumous work of Yuwanso(劉完素), "Gi-ui(氣宜)" and "Byeonggi(病機)" with works such as Jangwonso(張元素)'s '"Bomyeongseo(保命書)"'. (6) Of the titles "Gyeolgo-ungichimbeop" and "Dutaesachimbeop", the 14$\sim$19th chapters "Dutaesachimbeop" should be concentrated at the end of the chapter, and the 16th chapter that Du added was put after chapter 14 "Yujujiyobu(流注指要賦)", and chapters 20, 21 should be put in "Gyeolgoungichimbeop" after chapter 13. 2. "Chimgyeongjeok-yeongjip(鍼經摘英集)" (1) "Chimgyeongjeok-yeongjip" is a collection of the acupuncture and moxibustion contents of medical books from the Geum and Won dynasties that Dusagyeong collected and organized during the Won dynasty, which is consisted of 5 chapters : "Guchimshik(九鍼式)", "Jeolyangchwisuhyeolbeop(折量取腧穴法)", "Bosabeop(補瀉法)", "Yongchimhoheupbeop(用鍼呼吸法)", "Chibyeongjik-ralgyeol(治病直剌訣)". (2) First, the contents. The nine acupuncture needles[九鍼] listed in "Guchimshik(九鍼式)" is the first existing document recording to systematically illustrate the 'nine classical needles' in drawing and text form which reflects the forms of the needles of the era. Second, "Jeolyangchwisuhyeolbeop(折量取腧穴法)" has the same basic way of measuring points [量穴法] as Wang-yuil's "Dong-insuhyeolchimgudo-gyeong(銅人腧穴鍼灸圖經)" and the same point selection rules as "Jeonyeongbang(全嬰方)". Third, in "Bosabeop(補瀉法)", "Somun(素問)" and Janggyeolgo's "Yeongsubosabeop(迎隨補瀉法)" is put together. Fourth, in "Yongchimhoheupbeop(用鍼呼吸法)", the cold and heat supplementation and draining [寒熱補瀉] method that combines breathing with inner and outer rotation[外 內撚] is recorded. Fifth, "Chi-byeongjik-ralgyeol(治病直剌訣)" is the main part of "Chimgyeongjeok-yeongjip(鍼經摘英集)" listing 69 acupuncture treatments reflecting Du's scholastic ideas on aspects such as syndrome differentiation[辨證], needling method and type of needle[鍼具]. (3) The content of this book was quoted by "Bojebang Chimgumun(普濟方 鍼灸門)" and when Gomu compiled "Chimguchwiyeong", he put the acupuncture treatments for the main indications of the disease patterns[鍼方主治病證] of this book in the related main indications of acupuncture points[腧穴主治證], which influenced books on acupuncture points there after. 3. "Chimgyeongjeolyo(鍼經節要)" (1) Consists of 1 volume. The original title of this book is "Dong-insuhyeolchimgudo-gyeong (銅人腧穴鍼灸圖經)" and the author is Wang-yuil of the Northern Song dynasty, written in the 4th year of the Cheonseong(天聖) era of the Song dynasty(1026). (2) Dusagyeong selected the contents on pathology of the 12 meridians in volume one and two, the introduction and five transport points[五輸穴] in volume 5 of "Dong-indo-gyeong(銅人圖經)" and named it "Chimgyeongjeolyo." During the Won dynasty it was recorded in "Jesaengbalsu".

• 유기물자원화
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2016

벼 수확 후 겨울철 휴경논에서 유채 재배 시스템의 환경영향을 평가하고 경쟁 작물인 보리 재배 시스템의 환경영향과 비교 분석하기 위하여 전과정 평가방법을 적용하였다. 투입물질에 대한 자료를 수집하고 유채 및 보리 1 ton을 기능단위로 하여 분석하였다. 전과정 영향평가를 위해서는 체계화가 잘 되어있고 규칙적으로 적용된 영향평가 방법인 Eco-indicator 95 방법을 사용하였다. 생산물 1 ton당 발생하는 영향범주별 비교에서는 온실가스 등 6개 영향범주에서 보리보다 유채의 포텐셜이 높게 나타났는데 이 중 화학비료 사용에 의한 환경부하가 전체 발생량의 65-96%를 차지하고 있었다. 부영양화 포텐셜은 오히려 유채보다 보리에서 높게 나타났다. 보리와 유채 재배에서 중금속에 의한 부하가 0.5 Pt로 상대적으로 가장 크게 나타났으나 전체 영향범주값을 합산하게 되면 보리에서 0.78 Pt, 유채에서 0.82 Pt로 나타났다. 시비-수확량 반응 시험에 대한 평가에서 보리는 시비량이 증가할수록 환경부하가 계속 증가하는 것으로 나타났으나 유채는 시비량에 따라 증가하다가 최고 생산량을 보인 R3(80-65-65)에서는 오히려 감소하였다. 이와 같은 결과를 토대로 겨울 휴경논에 유채를 재배할 경우 환경 영향 범주 8개 중 6개 범주에서 기존의 보리를 재배하는 과정에 비해 환경부하량은 더 크다고 할 수 있지만 환경지수값으로 환산하게 되면 휴경지에서 유채와 보리 재배를 통한 환경영향에는 차이가 없을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권51호
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• pp.361-390
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• 2018

카카오톡 이모티콘 이용자들은 가상공간에서 자신의 감정표현 커뮤니케이션 수단으로 카카오톡(Kakao Talk) 이모티콘을 이용하고 있다. 이모티콘에 담겨진 디자인적인 요소(보조, 색채, 형태, 모션)들과 스토리텔링적인 요소를 이용하여 자신의 감정상태를 표현하고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 카카오톡 이모티콘이 지니고 있는 스토리텔링 및 디자인적인 요소들을 중심으로 어떠한 요인들로 카카오톡 이모티콘을 감정 표현 수단으로 선호하는지에 대해서 연구하고자 한다. 이모티콘의 스토리텔링적인 측면에서는 악어, 복숭아, 개, 오리, 사자, 두더지, 토끼들로 평범한 과일과 동물들로 구성하였다. 대부분의 이모티콘들은 각자 개성있는 성격의 소유자로 스토리가 구성되었으며 하나씩 콤플렉스를 가지고 있는 스토리를 지니고 있어 이용자들이 친근하게 다가가고 사용할 수 있는 요인이 되었다. 디자인적인 측면에서는 다양한 보조요소(불꽃, 땀, 눈물, 콧물, 성난 눈 등)를 사용하여 화남, 간절함, 초조함, 애원, 기쁨, 슬픔 등을 표현하였다. 색채요소는 희, 노, 애, 락의 감정에 관계없이 이모티콘 캐릭터가 지니고 있는 고유의 색채(초록, 빨강, 노랑, 분홍, 하양, 검정, 밤색 등)로 대부분의 난색 계열로 구성되었다. 형태 요소는 기쁨, 슬픔 등의 요소를 표현하는 경우 둥근형의 형태로 구성되었다. 반면에 FRODO, NEO가 슬픔과 분노를 표현하는 경우에는 사각형의 형태를 나타내고 있다. 모션요소로는 APPEACH, NEO, TUBE, JAY-G의 슬픔, 분노, 애원의 감정 표현에는 수평/수직/사선으로 표현하고 APEACH, TUBE, MUZI & CON등의 기쁨, 슬픔의 감정 표현은 수평/수직/사선과 방사/앞뒤/회전의 역동적인 느낌을 나타내고 있다. TUBE, FRODO의 분노는 수평/수직/사선과 방사 모션을 나타낸다. 본 연구결과 스토리텔링 측면에서는 감정을 차별화할 수 있는 스토리를 각 이모티콘 캐릭터에 맞게 구성하였다. 디자인적인 측면에서는 보조요소 불꽃, 땀, 눈물과 같은 감정의 대표적인 요소를 이미지로 표현하였다. 색채 요소는 감정의 차이와는 관계없이 난색 계열의 캐릭터 고유색을 사용하였다. 형태 요소는 각 감정 표현을 위해 다양한 움직임을 표현하였다. 이러한 연구결과들이 커뮤니케이션 측면, 감성디자인 측면, 산업적인 측면의 발전에 도움이 될 것이다. 위와 같은 논문의 의의에도 불구하고 스토리텔링의 분석틀과 보조요소에 대한 기호학적인 분석이 이루어지지 못한 것을 연구의 한계점으로 두고자 한다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.53-67
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• 2009

For the last decades, service quality has been studied as one of the most important tools for a service company to compete with the other companies. Based on these past researches, it has been agreed that the service quality is a basic and powerful tool to create the competitive advantage. Due to similar reason, many service marketing practitioners have been also focused on the service quality to retain the existing consumers and collect the new consumers. However, service quality is subjectively perceived by individual consumers. Consumer evaluation of service quality can be different from each other. Especially consumers with one life-style may evaluate the service quality differently from the consumers with the other life-styles. Therefore we need to know whether there are differences in service quality perception on the categories of life-style. Life-style refers to a distinctive mode of living in its aggregate and broadest sense. It embodies the patterns that were developed and emerged from the dynamics of living in a society. Since the concept of life-style and its relationship to marketing was introduced in 1963 by William Lazer, methods of measuring the life-style and their application have been developed. Life-style has been usually used to segment the marketplace because it offers marketers a unique and important view of the market. When Life-style is combined with clustering methods, life-style segmentation can generate identifiable whole persons rather than isolated fragment. Life-style segmentation begins with people instead of products and classifies them into different life-style types, each characterized by a unique style of living based on a wide range of activities, interests, and opinions(Plummer, 1974). In this study we applies the life-style segmentation based on the AIO(Activities, Interests, and Opinions) to the consumers of the large discount stores. In Korea, the large discount store market has entered into maturity stage so that the market differentiation strategy is becoming a more critical issue to the marketing practitioners. One of the most important tools to differentiate from the competitors in large discount store market is continuously to provide service of better quality than competitors. This study tries to find answers about the following questions: 1) How can we categorize the consumer life-styles in the large discount store? 2) What are the characteristics of the categorized groups? 3) Are there any differences in service quality perception among the consumers with different life-styles 4) Are there any differences in consumer behavior among them in the large discount store? For the purpose, we collected survey data from consumers and analyzed the data with the SPSS package where we had $X^2$-test, factor analysis, ANOVA, MANOVA, and cluster analysis. The survey was made during one month in the April of 2008. Among the collected 306 copies of questionnaires, 281 copies were chosen as the effective samples for empirical analysis except 25 copies with wrong responses. To identify the life-style patterns, we used the measures employed by Kim and Kwon(1999), where 44 items on a seven-point scale were used to measure factors of the life-style patterns. The Principal Component Method was used for factor extraction, and the VARIMAX orthogonal factor rotation was employed. The 7 items showing low factor loading were eliminated. The results of the factor analysis suggested that nine factors of the life-style patterns were identified as follows: 1) the equality-of-sexes and pursuit-of-independence tendency 2) self-management tendency 3) sociable tendency 4) self-display tendency 5) degree of a dilettante life 6) pursuit-of-information tendency 7) bargain hunter tendency 8) TV preference tendency 9) pursuit-of-leisure tendency. Next, after the K-means cluster analysis was performed with nine factors of the life-style patterns, the life-styles of the respondents were classified into four groups which are named as the 'progressive practicality-oriented group', 'positive success-oriented group', 'sociable ostentation-oriented group', 'stable conservation-oriented group'. The analysis results for usage behavior between the market segments showed statistically significant differences in the frequency of usage, duration time in the store, consumer satisfaction, and loyalty. Also, we tried to investigate whether the large discount store consumers differently perceive the quality of service based upon the types of life-style. To measure the service quality of large discount store, we adapted several measurement models measuring the service quality such as SERVPERF, BCP, R-SERVPERF, R-BCP. MANOVA and One-Way ANOVA were performed to confirm the difference in service quality perception based on the market segments. The results have also shown significant differences between life-style types in service quality perception. These findings show that the large discount store marketers should consider consumer life-style as one of the most important market segments for marketing and understand the difference in service quality perception between life-style types. Our findings give important implications to marketers of large discount stores as well as life-style researchers. First, this study showed there were significant differences in consumer's service quality perception and usage behavior between the types of life-style. It provides evidence that the life-style approach can be a important basis in segmenting the large discount store market and will make consumers perceive the service quality high. Second, most previous researches on service quality have been in aggregate level. However, our results imply that the future research on service quality have to focus on segment level.