• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.19 no.8
• /
• pp.1139-1144
• /
• 2009

It has been known that brassiolide (BL) increased the positive gravitropic response and ethylene production in maize roots. This study examined the relationship between the BL-induced gravitropic response and ethylene Production. The ethylene production was inhibited to about 90% of the control by the treatment of $10^{-4}$ M aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), the ethylene synthesis inhibitor. However, the gravitropic response did not show any significant changes compared to the control at $10^{-4}$ M AVG. In the case of treatment of AVG with BL, the ethylene production decreased to 60% of the control. However, the gravitropic response increased to the level which was induced by BL. Cobalt ions, another ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, inhibited ethylene production, but not gravitropic response. When roots were treated with BL and cobalt ions, they showed the inhibition of ethylene production and promotion of gravitropic response. To elucidate the possibility that the effect of BL is related to auxin transport, roots were treated with TIBA (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid), an auxin transport inhibitor. Both treatment of TIBA alone and TIBA with BL stimulated ethylene production to about 96% and 132%, respectively. However, gravitropic response was completely inhibited in both treatments. Further, roots treated with BL in the presence of TIBA and IAA showed a negative gravitropic response, which means that IAA accumulates in the upper side of horizontal roots. Root elongation was also stimulated in this treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that BL might affect the differential distribution of internal IAA on roots, causing the regulation of positive gravitropic response.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.280-285
• /
• 1983

The effect of pH and calcium on the growth of subterraneum clover (Trifolium subteraneum L.) varieties Dwalganup, Mt. Barker, and Tallarook was determined in solution culture. At pH 4.5 and below all components of growth except germination percentage were adversely affected. The effect of lower pH was improved at high calcium level(3.0mM). There was a varietal difference in response to low pH. Mt. Barker showed the highest percent germination and produced the longest radicle length, whereas the greatest value in top dry weight, root dry weight, root length and number of laterals was obtained with Tallarook.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.350-355
• /
• 2015

Clubroot disease is one of the most wide-spread and devastating diseases in the cultivation of Chinese cabbage. To develop a protein marker for resistance to clubroot disease in Chinese cabbage, a comparative proteome analysis was performed between a sensitive line, 94SK, and a resistant line, CR Shinki DH. Three proteins of two fold or higher accumulation that are specific to each line were found 3 days after innoculation of the Plasmodiphora brassicae. They are glutamine synthetase, malate dehydrogenase/oxidoreductase and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase in the 94SK and actin, phosphoglycerate kinase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase in the CR Shinki line. From the comparison of the synthesized proteins in the 94SK and the CR Shinki, CR Shinki was found to produce more ATP-binding protein for the ABC transporter while 94SK showed a higher level of pathogenesis-related protein 1 production. All of these proteomic variations may lead to the development of molecular markers to accelerate the breeding process.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.39-45
• /
• 1979

Egg masses of the root- knot nematodes ( Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria and M. haply) were exposed to two different regimes of soil moisture (459 and 2459) and temperature ( -2$^{\circ}C$ and 33$^{\circ}C$), quite extreme condition in their natural environment, and their survival rate was compared. Three species did not show any difference in the rate when exposed to either soil moisture for 25 days, with the rate in the range of 8.6% to 10.4%. In response to temperature treatment, however, they differed : the best survival rate was obtained from M. incognita at high temperature ( 33"C) and from M, hapla at low temperature (-2$^{\circ}C$) plot. The third species (M. arenaria) was intermediate in both temperature regimes.imes.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.225-230
• /
• 2016

Inflammation from chronic and acute infections of distal organs and tissues such as periodontitis is a risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular processes. Recently, a new model of atherosclerosis with vascular pathologies was developed in the Mongolian gerbil. In this study, we attempted to develop a model of ligature-induced periodontitis in gerbils and compared the characteristics of that periodontitis model with that in rats and mice. Each gerbil, rat, and mouse was randomly assigned to groups of control and periodontitis. A thread was placed around the cervix of the right and left first molars in the mandible with knots placed on the mesial side of each molar. At day 14 after the ligation, the animals were sacrificed and their mandibles were dissected. To measure alveolar bone loss along with inflammation, histopathological and micro-CT analyses were carried out. Gerbils showed tooth characteristics of deeper gingival crevice, longer cusp, longer root trunk and shorter root than those of rats and mice. The increased CEJ-ABC distance in distal and PDL area in furcation was also observed in ligated gerbils. An inflammatory response in the connective tissue under the junctional epithelium was also shown in all the animals. As a result, we confirmed the induction of periodontitis by ligature in the gerbils. We therefore consider the gerbil to be a useful model for investigating relationship between periodontitis and vascular disease in the same animal.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.21 no.10
• /
• pp.1683-1693
• /
• 1997

In this paper, a new nonlinear dynamic model is derived for a 2-dimensional overhead crane based on a new definition of 2-degree-of-freedom swing angle, and a new anti-swing control law is proposed for the crane. The dynamic model and control law take simultaneous travel and traverse motions of the crane into consideration. The model is first linearized for small motions of the crane load about the vertical stable equilibrium. Then the model becomes decoupled and symmetric with respect to the travel and traverse axes of the crane. From this result, a decoupled anti-swing control law is proposed based on the linearized model via the loop shaping and root locus methods. This decoupled method guarantees not only fast damping of load-swing but also zero steady state position error with optimal transient response for the 2-dimensional motion of the crane. Finally, the proposed control method is evaluated by controlling the simultaneous travel and traverse motions of a 2-dimensional prototype overhead crane. The effectiveness of the proposed control method is then proven by the experimental results.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.275-282
• /
• 2008

Hot-water($100^{\circ}C$) and cold-water($4^{\circ}C$) extracts of Taraxacum officinale root were assessed for the effects of innate and adaptive immune responses in mice. Hot water extracts(TO-100) and cold water extracts(TO-4) did not affect the viability of macrophages at concentrations below to 18 mg/ml and 8 mg/ml, respectively. The thioglycollate-induced macrophages cultured with TO-100 and TO-4 produced a significantly higher quantity of various cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-12, than those treated with medium. This shows that the extracts potently stimulated the innate immune response. When mice were subcutaneously immunized(sc) with OVA+FIA(Freund's incomplete adjuvant)-emulsified TO-100, TO-100 did not affect the production of IgE, but enhanced the production of IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b. The culture supernatant obtained from the splenocytes of mice treated with OVA+FIA-emulsified TO-100 also evidenced elevated levels of both OVA-specific Th1-type(IFN-$\gamma$) and Th2-type cytokines(IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10). These results suggested that TO-100 can modulate the immune responses to allergens in mice.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.101-112
• /
• 2005

In order to select the suitable soybean cultivars for paddly field cultivation, growth response and yields characters were investigated with 37 Korean domestic soybean cultivars, in Yeoncheon, Gyeonggi province. The results can be summarized as follows ; When the soybeans were cultivated in paddy field, significant differences were observed in growth responses at each growth stage and yields among the cultivars. Yields of six cultivars, such as Danbaekkong, Paldokong, Pungsannanulkong, Myeongjunamulkong, Saeolkong, and Namhaekong, were less than 200kg/10a, however, seven cultivars, such as Shinpaldalkong 2, Sohokong, Dormikong, keumkangkong, Bukangkong, Dajangkong, and Geomjeongkong 2, showed highest yields ranged from 301~385kg/10a. At V5 stage, highly positive correlation(r=091$^{{\ast}{\ast}}$) was observed between the top dry weight and leaf area while negative correlation was existed between T/R ratio and root dry weight. However, at R2 age, leaf area was correlated with both top and root dry weight while T/R ratio was correlated with leaf area and top dry weight. Thirty-seven soybean cultivars used in this experiments were classified into 3 different clusters based on 19 important agronomic characters, and genotypic properties of the cultivars were similar in each cluster. In results, high yields could be achieved by selected cultivation of suitable soybean cultivars such as Shinpaldalkong 2 which showed early maturation date and highly ripening ratio.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.349-363
• /
• 2020

Penalized spline is a suitable nonparametric approach in estimating mean model in small area. However, application of the approach in informative sampling in a published article is uncommon. We propose a semiparametric mixed-model using penalized spline under informative sampling to estimate mean of small area. The response variable is explained in terms of mean model, informative sample effect, area random effect and unit error. We approach the mean model by penalized spline and utilize a penalized spline function of the inclusion probability to account for the informative sample effect. We determine the best and unbiased estimators for coefficient model and derive the restricted maximum likelihood estimators for the variance components. A simulation study shows a decrease in the average absolute bias produced by the proposed model. A decrease in the root mean square error also occurred except in some quadratic cases. The use of linear and quadratic penalized spline to approach the function of the inclusion probability provides no significant difference distribution of root mean square error, except for few smaller samples.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.35-48
• /
• 1991

Installation periods of implants in Mx. and Mn., is related to pattern of bone formation. The purpose of this study was to observe histologic response in osseointegration at root formed implant-tissue interface at Mx. and Mn., the other is comparison of osseointegration level between Mx. and Mn. at 8 weeks. In this study, unilateral upper & lower molars were extracted in dog. After allowing to heal for 4 months, two kinds of osseointegrated implants Swedevents, Corevents-were inserted in dog. The specimens were treated by conventional method. The interface zones between bone and implant were investiigated using X-rays, light microscope. The following results were obtained from this study. 1. Around titanium implants that were installed in Ma and Mn., Radio lucencies don't exist 2. There are not inflammation and mobility of titanium implants that were installed in Mx. and Mn. Most of implant surface are covered by bony tissued partly by bone-marrow tissues. 3. Titanium implants installed in Mx, in contrast to same implants in Mn., shows more coverage by bone marrow tissue and lack of apposition lamellar bone, which lead to the assumption that bone formation in Mn. is faster than in Mx.