• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.100-105
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• 2016

양파 정식기 작업에 적합한 상토 개발을 위해 원예용 유기질 주재료(피트모스, 코이어)의 적합성을 조사했다. 유기질 재료를 무기질 재료(황토 등)와 혼합하여, 묘 출현율, 생육 및 기계정식 적응 특성 등을 조사하였다. 조사 결과 피트모스 혼합 처리구, 코이어 혼합 처리구 모두 묘 출현율, 생육 및 상토 용적밀도에서 유사했으나, 피트모스 혼합 처리구가 코이어 혼합 처리구에 비해 더 높은 상토 응집성을 보였다. 피트모스 혼합 상토의 높은 응집성은 양파 묘 정식 시 뿌리부 무게 증가 등의 효과를 가져와서 정식기 작업 효율성을 증진시키는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이라고 생각된다. 이러한 이유로, 양파 정식기 작업에 적합한 상토 개발 시 피트모스를 유기질 주재료로 선정하는 것이 적합하다고 최종 판단하였다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.416-420
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• 2010

Root yield and quality of ginseng cultured in paddy soil was low relatively compared with that of upland soil because of moisture injury in root during rainy season. Drainage class in soils generally divided into 6 classes, and it is possible to cultivate ginseng practically in imperfectly drainage class (IDC). This study carried out to select the varieties that is suitable for paddy soil, which is easy to be generated rusty-colored root and physiological-discolored leaf. Experiment plot arranged with the condition of soil humidity contents such as poorly drainage class (PDC) and imperfectly drainage class (IDC), and upland soil. Growth characteristics and root yield were investigated in four-year-old ginseng of varieties, Cheonpoong (CP), Yeonpoong (YP), Hwangsookjong (HS), and Jakyeongjong (JK). CP among four varieties showed the highest yield in IDC and CP was the lowest ratio in leaf discoloration and rusty-colored root. HS was followed by CP in the order of root yield, but it had the weakness that the ratio of rusty-colored root was high respectively.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.525-529
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• 2013

As most of citrus, shiranuhi mandarin ((Citrus unshiu ${\times}$ C. sinensis) ${\times}$ C. reticulata) mainly use the trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) as its rootstock which has dwarf and cold hardness in Korea. However, recently, scion root was observed in 'Shiranuhi' mandarin tree grafted onto the trifoliate orange. This study was carried out to find out effects of scion root occurrence on the fruit quality, flowering and yield of shiranuhi mandarin. For the experiment, we selected six farmers who have outbreak of scion root in their Shiranuhi mandarin orchards and surveyed the difference of fruit quality of shiranuhi mandarin hybrid between scion root and control (trifoliate orange root). In the results, flowering was severely decreased in scion root trees compared to control. As a result of survey of 174 Shiranuhi mandarins, 160 trees were proved to be scion root, and had less flowering. Fruiting of scion root also severely dropped compared to control and thus, yields of scion root (6.4 kg) reduced by 24% compared to control (26.7 kg). The fruit size, weight and soluble solid contents of scion root were significantly reduced, but there were no differences in acid contents and coloring of fruit. From the results, we concluded that scion root had negative influence on flowering, fruit size and the yields of Shrinanuhi mandarin hybrid.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.474-482
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• 2000

Currently frequency-dependent type electronic apex locators have been widely used to determine the working length in endodontic treatment. But, accuracy of electronic apex locators is controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of Root-ZX(Morita Co., Japan) at different kinds of conditions of root canals compared with the radiographic working length. The 40 extracted human anterior teeth with fully formed apices and without any caries were used. The radiographs were taken for working length with the 0.5mm short of #15 K-file tip just visible at the foramen under the surgical microscope(Carl Zeiss Co. Germany) at 25X. Then the electronic working lengths were determined with Root-ZX at the different kinds of conditions of root canals according to the presence of electrolyte and Crown-down pressureless technique. The results were as follows ; 1. There was no significant statistical difference in working length between radiograph and Root-ZX. 2. There was no significant statistical difference in electronic working length between the canal with electrolyte and without electrolyte. 3. There was no significant statistical difference in electronic working length between the canal without any instrumentation and after Crown-dow pressureless technique. 4. Of the total 40 root canals, 85% in Group I, 92.5% in Group II, 95% in Group III and 95% in Group IV using Root-ZX showed coincidence within 0.5mm accuracy compaing with the radiographic working length. The results showed that the Root-ZX can be use effectively for measuring the working length of root canal after instrumentation with Crown-down pressureless technique regardless of the presence of electrolyte in root canal.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2010

Purpose : We want to identify the appearance of the buccolingual root dilaceration teeth in the panoramic views and specify the characteristics of these teeth. Materials and Methods : One thousand-six patients were examined on the basis of both panoramic and CT image criteria. We diagnosed and excluded certain teeth from the samples; both prosthodontic or pathologic lesion appearing teeth and mesiodistally dilacerated ones. We meticulously discerned buccolingually dilacerated teeth in the CT images and total 48 samples were selected. The degree of severity in dilaceration was standardized by 2 types of criteria. The samples were differentiated into 3 groups and again categorized into six types showing from the panoramic views: irregular view on the root apex area, clear blunt on the root tip, stepping on root tip, double lamina dura or double tip, arrow-target shaped root, bull's eye, normal view. Results : The types of teeth selected from total 48 buccolingual root dilaceration samples were mandibular first and second molar, premolars, canines, and lateral incisors. The direction of dilaceration was an even percentage to each buccal and lingual side for most selected teeth, however, that of both canines and lateral incisors were directed in almost a buccal side. In the panoramic views, the root types of the buccolingually dilacerated teeth were irregular view on the root apex area, clear blunt on the root tip, stepping on root tip and normal types were almost always normal view. The more severity in dilareated degree, the more chances of observation in the panoramic views were clear blunt on the root tip and stepping on root tip. Conclusion : As observed in the shape of stepping on root tip or double lamina dura in the panoramic views, there can be much more probability to diagnose as a buccolingually dilacerated root.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.157-164
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• 2004

인삼재배지에서 나타나는 적변삼 외피세포 조직의 특성과 화학성분을 조사하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 적변외피는 현미경 관찰결과 적색이 아닌 황색으로 보였으며, 적변외피의 세 포층수는 10∼13층으로 건전외피의 5∼6층에 비해 2배 정도 많았고, 외피층의 두께에 있어서는 적변외피가 179 $\mu\textrm{m}$로서 건전외피의 55$\mu\textrm{m}$에 비해 3.2배 정도 더 두꺼웠다. 2. 착색도는 적변외피가 건전외피에 비해 5.5배 정도 짙게 나타났으며, 적변물질의 각 추출분획별 용해도는 비극성 보다는 극성용매에서 높았고, 또한 UV-spectrum은 275∼280nm에서 흡광 최대를 나타냈다. 3. 적변외피는 지질성 물질은 물론 산불용성 에스테르화 페놀물질, 산불용성 결합 페놀물질, 산불용 축합성 페놀물질, 불용성 결합 페놀물질 및 유리 페놀 물질 함량이 건전외피에 비해 많았으며 철의 함량에 있어서도 적변외피가 2,220 ppm으로 건전외피의 820 ppm 보다 2.7배 정도 많았다. 4. 적변삼은 인삼뿌리가 분포된 근권환경의 어떤 외적환경에 의해 뿌리가 stress를 받을 때 자체방어 물질인 phenol 물질이 외피로 배출되면서 외피의 지질성 물질과 polymerization되고 이때 철(Fe)이 체놀성 물질과 강하게 chelating 되는 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권5호
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• pp.539-542
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the impacts of jasmonic acid (JA) on adventitious root culture of Eleutherococcus senticosus. Adventitious root of E. senticosus were treated with jasmonic acid (JA) and cultured for 30 days. JA inhibited the root growth but increased eleutherosides accumulation, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity. Among various concentrations of JA, 1.0 mg/L JA increased the total phenolic contents in E. senticosus adventitious root to $39.81{\mu}g/g$, about 2.6 times higher than that of the control. Consequently, high accumulation of total phenolic contents led to increase the antioxidant activity to 82.41%. The antioxidant activity of control was 37.89% at $2500{\mu}g/mL$. A linear correlation ($R^2$ = 0.9937, 0.9648 and 0.9883) was also shown between antioxidant activity (at 1250, 1875, and $2500{\mu}g/mL$) and total phenolic contents of adventitious root of E. senticosus.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.55-64
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• 1980

The distribution pattern of mineral nutrients, among various Parts of Korea ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) was investigated to understand ginseng nutrition by simple correlation analysis. Five·year old ginseng plants grown under four different nutritional environments were sampled and separated into leaf, petiole, stem, rhizome, cortex and epidermis of tap foot, central part of tap root, cortex and epidermis of lateral root, central part of lateral root, fine root in the middle of truly, for chemical analysis. Between mineral nutrients in root, N and P showed highly significant positive correlation each other and with Mg and Cu while all other elements (K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B) showed highly significant positive correlation each other. In shoot, number of mineral nutrient pairs haying significant relation was much less than in root. (Negative: P with Ca or B, K with N, Fe, Mn or Cu, Positive: N with Mg, Fe, Mn or Cu, K with Zn, Ca with Mg, Zn, or B, Fe Mn Cu each other, Mn with B.) The number of pairs having significant correlation in whole plant was approximately the same as the number in root but three of them showed significant negative correlation. The distribution pattern similarity of mineral contents among various parts was also discussed in relation to physiological significance in Korea ginseng plant.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.257-264
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• 2010

Purpose: Connective tissue reattachment to periodontally damaged root surfaces is one of the most important goals of periodontal therapy. The aim of this study was to develop a root conditioning agent that can demineralize and detoxify the infected root surface. Methods: Dentin slices obtained from human teeth were treated with a novel root planing agent for 2 minutes and then washed with phosphate-buffered saline. Smear layer removal and type I collagen exposure were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and type I collagen immunostaining, respectively. Cell attachment and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) removal demonstrated the efficiency of the root conditioning agent. Results: SEM revealed that the smear layer was entirely removed and the dentinal tubules were opened by the experimental gel. Type I collagen was exposed on the surfaces of the dentin slices treated by the experimental gel, which were compared with dentin treated with other root planing agents. Dentin slices treated with the experimental gel showed the highest number of attached fibroblasts and flattened cell morphology. The agar diffusion assay demonstrated that the experimental gel also has effective antimicrobial activity. Escherichia coli LPS were effectively removed from well plates by the experimental gel. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that this experimental gel is a useful tool for root conditioning of infected root surfaces and can also be applied for detoxification of ailing implant surface threads.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.559-564
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• 2018

Rehmannia glutinosa root (R. root) has been used as an traditional medicine, and is important resource for natural medicines and functional foods. However, R. root contains catalpol which is bitter, and undigested sugars, including stachyose and raffinose, which can cause diarrhea. Therefore, this study was performed to identify the changes in reducing sugar from undigested sugars and in catalpol contents in R. root slurry induced by aging treatments. R. root slurry was treated at $10{\sim}70^{\circ}C$ for up to 72 hr; and extracted with a 50% ethanol solution. The catalpol content was analyzed using HPLC-UVD. Reducing sugar content generated from undigested sugars was measured by the Nelson-Somogyi methods, and the reaction rates were calculated from their variation according to aging time and temperature. During the aging treatment, reducing sugar increased and catalpol decreased. Their formation and degradation rates were highest at $50^{\circ}C$ and $30{\sim}40^{\circ}C$, and their rates were $2.05mg/g{\cdot}hr$ and 23.09 to 23.33%/hr, respectively. These results indicated that aging treatment can positively affect the sweetness and digestibility of R. root slurry. Therefore, an aging treatment could be considered for improving the taste and digestibility of R. root.