• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.86-86
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• 2008

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1987.06a
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• pp.89-107
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• 1987

For the elucidation of significance of saponin as quality criterion of ginseng ginsenoside content(GC) and ginsenoside pattern similarity(GPS) by simple correlation were investigated in relation to red ginseng quality factors, age, plant part, harvest season, mineral nutrition, soil physical characteristics, growth light and temperature, shading material, growth location, physiological disease and crop stand through survey of ginseng plantstions, field experiments, water culture and phytotron experiments. Effect of tissue culture was also reviewed. GC was negatively correlated with good quality of red ·ginseng and positively with bad quality. Age did not show any consistency with GC but GPS was less with the increase of age difference. GPS was less or not significant between taproot that is lowest in GC and epidermis highest, and significant between leaf and taproot. Harvest season marked with the lowest GC and Pattern was also different. Nutrient imbalance, the increase of hazardous soil nutrient and physical condition to growth increased GC, but GPS was little different. The higher the growth lights intensity and temperature the higher the GC but GPS was little changed. Root rust increased GC, but root scab decreased it. Sponge-like and inside cavity phenomena increased GC. Ginsenoside pattern of cultured tissues and rootlet showed great variation. These results strongly indicate that there are optimum saponin content and ginsenoside pattern and that these are accomplished under the optimum growth condition.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.421-433
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• 2023

This study was to examine the developmental dental abnormalities in childhood cancer survivors. Risk factors were assessed for 125 children with radiographic data through a retrospective analysis of medical records and panoramic images. 68.0% of childhood cancer survivors exhibited at least one dental abnormality. The types of abnormalities varied depending on the age at cancer diagnosis and treatment intensity, ranging from microdontia (43.2%), to abnormal root development (39.2%) and tooth agenesis (33.6%). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that a young age at diagnosis (under 3 years), the use of heavy metal agents, a history of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and combination treatment of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and HSCT were associated with a significantly higher risk for overall dental abnormalities. The increased risk ratios were 6.00, 3.06, 3.22, and 7.87, respectively (p < 0.05). The results of this study will predict dental abnormality in permanent dentition according to the diagnosis age and treatment method of childhood cancer.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.39.1-39.12
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• 2022

Objectives: This study investigated the prevalence and characteristics of external cervical resorption (ECR) regarding sex, age, tooth, stages of progression, and portal of entry, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Materials and Methods: CBCT scans of 1,313 patients from a Brazilian subpopulation comprising 883 female and 430 male patients (mean age, 55.2 years), acquired using a PreXion 3D CBCT unit, were evaluated. All permanent teeth included in the scans were evaluated for the presence of ECR according to the 3-dimensional classification and the portal of entry. The association between the presence of ECR and the factors studied was assessed using the χ² test. Intra-observer agreement was analyzed with the kappa test (α = 0.05). Results: In total, 6,240 teeth were analyzed, of which 84 (1.35%) were affected by ECR. A significant association was found between the presence of ECR and sex, with a higher prevalence in male patients (p = 0.002). The most frequently affected teeth were the mandibular and maxillary central incisors. The most common height was the mid-third of the root. For the portal of entry, 44% of cases were on the proximal surfaces, 40.5% on the lingual/palatal surface and 15.5% on the buccal surface. Intra-observer agreement was excellent. Conclusions: The prevalence of ECR was 1.35%, with a higher prevalence in male patients and a wide age distribution. The mandibular and maxillary central incisors were the most commonly affected teeth, and cases of ECR most frequently showed a height into the mid-third of the root and proximal entry.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 1985

This study was undertaken to obtain the data for age determination following the calcification degree of the third molar in the point of forensic odontology. The orthopantomograms of 1399 male and 2517 female ranging from 7 to 22 years of age were studied. The developmental state of the third molar was divided into 12 stages following the calcification degree and the mean ages of stage was obtained and statistically analyzed. The results were as follows : 1. There was remarkable correlation between the development of the third molar and age. 2. There was no significant developmental difference between the right and left third molar. 3. The development of the third molar presents difference between the male and female in the crown formation stages, but it was retarded in female than male in the root formation stages. 4. At the age under 20 years, we can determine the age within the range of * 2 years by means of orthopantomogram.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 2008

We analyzed 121 age estimation clients who had visited oral medicine clinic, Chonbuk National University Hospital, from January 2000 to December 2007 to evaluate its characters in Jeonllabuk-do. The obtained results were as follows : 1. There was distinct difference in sex distribution(Male : 58.7%, Female : 41.3%) and more than half percent(55.4%) was over 50's. 2. The difference between registered and alleged age was the most in more than 5 years, and most of them were over 50's. 3. There were more clients who wanted to increase their age than to decrease and was no prominent difference in sex. Age estimation clients who wanted to decrease their age were predominant under 10 years old and in 20's, and those wanted to increase were predominant in 10's and over 30's. 4. The most reasons to correct age were related to welfare benefit. The purpose of age estimation was different according to each age groups; welfare benefit was the most over 50's, occupation in 40's and 50's, friendship in 30's and 40's, sibling-related in 50's, employment in 10's and 20's. 5. Age was estimated by the attrition of permanent tooth and pulp/tooth ratio from 20 years, root apex closure for 10's and calcification of permanent tooth under 10 years old. In cases that were difficult to estimate by use of the attrition of permanent tooth and pulp/tooth ratio, age was estimated by missing time of permanent tooth and the change of mandibular angle with age. 6. The estimated ages were close to alleged age in 77.7% of clients but the rest(22.3%) was close to registered age.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.7.1-7.9
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was performed to assess the anatomy of mandibular first molars. Materials and Methods: In this in vivo study, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) volumes of 312 bilateral intact first mandibular molars from 156 patients (79 men and 77 women; average age, 35.6 ± 11.2 years) were investigated in terms of the direction of each canal's curvature in the buccolingual and mesiodistal dimensions (direction of the position of the apex in relation to the longitudinal axis of the root), the presence of an isthmus (a narrow, ribbon-shaped communication between 2 root canals) in 3 segments (0-2, 2-4, and 4-6 mm) from the apex), and the presence and number of accessory canals (smaller canals besides the main root canals, connecting the pulp to the periodontium). Data were analyzed statistically (α = 0.05). Results: Mesiolingual canals were mostly buccally and distally inclined, while mesiobuccal and distolingual canals were mostly distally curved. Isthmuses were more common in younger patients (χ² test, p < 0.05). The average numbers of accessory canals in the apical, middle, and coronal segments were 9.9 ± 4.2, 6.9 ± 2.9, and 9.3 ± 3.0 canals per segment, respectively (analysis of variance, p < 0.001). Age and sex were not associated with the number of accessory canals (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The complex anatomy of these teeth deserves attention during non-surgical or surgical endodontic treatment. Around the apex, isthmuses might be more prevalent in younger and female individuals.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.279-289
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• 2024

This study aimed to identify the clinical characteristics of molar root-incisor malformation (MRIM) and provide clinical considerations for treatments. Panoramic radiographs and electronic medical records of 64 patients with MRIM were retrospectively reviewed. Age, gender, follow-up period, medical history, complications, distribution of MRIM teeth, treatment, and prognosis were analyzed. Females were affected 1.56 times more than males, and the average age was 8.2 years. Dental complications, including periapical lesions, abscesses, and alveolar bone loss, were observed in 71.9%, and eruption disturbance of adjacent teeth was noticed in 37.5%. Most patients had medical histories in the first year of life. The most prevalent history was prematurity or low birthweight, followed by neurological conditions, surgeries, medications, and infections. All patients had MRIM on permanent first molars. The primary second molars were the second most frequently involved, followed by maxillary permanent central incisors and primary first molars. The prevalence was low on permanent lateral incisors and canines. Extraction was the most prevalent treatment done on MRIM-affected teeth, and most extraction sockets were managed by the eruption of permanent second molars. Few cases received endodontic treatment but with low success rates. Early detection of MRIM and prompt, appropriate treatment are important to avoid unnecessary discomfort from complications.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 1986

This study was performed to compare the difference of intraoral bisecting and panoramic techniques in evaluating the relationship of antral floor and maxillary roots. The vertical distances from maxillary root apices to antral floor were measured on both orthopantomograms and bisecting projections obtained from fifty subjects. The results were as follows, 1. Tooth lengths measured on orthopantomogram were larger than on bisecting projection and the magnification ratios were 1.08-1.17. 2. The dimensions from maxillary root apices to antral floor measured on orthopantomogram were larger than on bisecting projection. 3. The above results held true regardless of age and sex.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.294-298
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of growth characteristics and mineral contents of ginseng seedling grown in different locations on ginseng growth and root yield. Ginseng seedling produced in 16 farmers' field at the semi-Yangjik seedbed were planted and cultivated in a field with same cultural practices. Missing plant was increased with increased year of ginseng age, especially severe at 5-year-old ginseng. Rate of missing plant was different among the origins of the seedling, even with the same weights. Negative correlation was noted between the missing rate of 3-year-old ginseng plants and NH4-N content of the seedling, but positive correlation between the missing rate and K2O and Ca contents of the seedling. Root yield of 6-year-old ginseng was also affected by the origins of ginseng seedlings. Root yield was high in ginseng plant from 0.6∼0.9 g see dings compared to those from over 0.9 g seedlings.