• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.14
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• pp.159-186
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• 2012

Julio Romano decorated the facade of his house in Mantua with a statue of Mercury to give expressions to his ideas on painting. Hereby the painter from Rome could show his home to the world as that of a painter. To be concrete, Mercury was the planet god to which visual artists belonged, and so was basically related to visual arts. In his role to deliver diverse features of art works Mercury could also convey concepts and emotions expressed in a picture to the viewer. The power of a painting to arouse certain emotions or move the mind of the viewer was further connected to the role of Mercury as the guide of the human soul. This function again related the Roman god to the characteristic of a portrait to present absent persons to the viewer. Above the statue of Mercury, a Lucian head of the god is seen, so that they together form the central axis of the facade. This seems to emphasize that the theme of the facade decoration was the powerful persuasive forces of eloquence. The two masks on the left could then refer to sources of eloquence, I.e. various beautiful expressions of a language and its generative process. On the other hand, the masks on the right could represent consequences of eloquence, for instance, prudence, evil effects which come about to imprudent listeners, and other influences on listeners. Finally, it would be useful to remind us of a line from On Architecture by Leon Battista Alberti. According to the humanist architect parts of a building which are seen from the outside, like a facade, should be appropriately designed, since the decoration of a house could play a significant role to enhance the fame and honor of the family and its fatherland. This theory of Alberti could have provided the foundation to the facade decoration of the Casa Pippi which proudly presented the profession of painting to the public in visual form.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.34-46
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to research buying behavior and home fashion preferences based on housing size. The target consumers were Korean women, aged 20~40s who reside in the Seoul & Kyunggido areas. We distributed questionnaires to 650 women. However, only 600 questionnaires were used for the statistical analysis. Data analyses were conducted with SPSS program on the frequency, Chi-square test, cluster analysis, t-test and ANOVA. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The considering factors for purchasing such as brand, trends coordinating existing furnishings with new products and functionality were significantly associated with housing size. The buyers who reside in bigger size homes. over 40 pyung place higher value on brand name, trends. or coordinating existing furnishing with new products than residents in smaller units. However, women who live in smaller units place higher value on functionality when purchasing home fashion products. Considering factors such as brand, trend, and materials were also significantly associated with segmented age group; 40~49 age group considered brand, trend, and materials more than 20~29 age group. The group who are highly interested in home fashion considered design/color, rand, coordination, and functionality than the group who are low interested in home fashion. 2. Residents in over 40 pyung homes buy home fashion products at department stores, while residents in less than 39 pyung homes buy them at discounted store. 3. Respondents preferred solid colors more than patterns. However, they favored character pattern for textile bedding products for their children. 4. there is also a statistical difference in preferences for types of window treatments between large ad small housing sizes. Residents living in over 40 pyung preferred tie-back/cottage curtain, while residents living in less than 29 pyung preferred Roman shade style.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.112-124
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• 2011

Textile and clothing in Ancient Egypt have carried long history and tradition. Especially, Egyptian textile culture, created mostly by the Copt, has the originality of weaving technology and the artistic beauty of the weaving motifs, making the textiles comparable to modern textiles. The purpose of this study is to research on the characteristics of Coptic textile designs of ancient Egypt and the tunic, a basic garment made of Coptic textiles, and offer materials for the development of the textiles and designs with artistic values which can be shared in the modern era, not just for the research of the relics of the past. Therefore, this study will follow the historical background of Coptic textiles and the process of the development, and look into the distinct features under the categories of material, colors and motifs. In addition, the tunic and its weaving technology will be explained and this will help understand the originality of Coptic textiles. The scope of this study is limited to the period of the 3rd to 12th centuries when the Egyptian weaving technologies advanced dramatically and many of the ancient Egyptian textiles discovered from the grave goods dates back, the research methode of the tunic as well as books published at home and abroad, research paper and photograph works. The textiles had developed along the Egyptian history which was influenced by different cultures such as Greek, Roman, pagan, Christian, and later, Islamic. For the textiles, they used a variety of pictorial motifs including Greek goddesses, pastoral scenes related to the Nile River and animals, human figures, geometrical figures and Christian icons. They are symbolic, natural, and mythological characters, and this explains that the world views and religions of the weavers influenced the development of specific motifs. Coptic textiles was used to make a tunic, a simple straight-sided gown without sleeves worn by men and women and was woven in a combination of linen plain weave and woolen tapestry weave for a tunic. Not only the excellence of the weaving technologies and the beauty of the colors used in the textiles, but also the diversity of the textures through weaving, embroidery, and knotting are detected in Coptic textiles.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.12
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• pp.7-37
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• 1985

In most of the modern libraries throughout the world, it is popular to adopt the author number which arranges the books or entries in alphabetical order of their author's names within the same ultimate class. However, viewed historically, that was the Western practice never used in the East before. Traditionally chronological order was followed in the East. Book number not only individualizes the books within the same class but also makes it easy for the user to choose and find out the relevant materials. In this respect, chronological book number is decidedly superior to all kinds of book number systems ever have been existed. Especially in these days of rapid obsolescence of documents and with serious problems of storage of documents, the chronological order seems to be the most modern and future-oriented of all other book number systems because it distinguishes clearly new materials from aged materials by the date of publication and controls the stack spaces mechanically and effectively. This writer devised New Chronological Book Numbers adaptable to both the Eastern and Western materials, and the system has been adopted at Yonsei University Library. The features of the system are as follows: (1) It is easy to type the call number in cataloging the Eastern and Western materials. That is because the structure of the chronological number is pure numerical notation by taking the last two figures of the year within twentieth century(e.g. 85 for AD 1985), that is 1900s, and the last three figures of the year from twenty-first century to thirtieth century, that is 2000s. (2) It does not make all classes have chronological number uniformly. Within the classes for individual biographies, genealogies and collections of biography of specific family, books about individual organization, individual literary and artistic works, philosophical works of the famous philosophers, books and its facsmile editions published before 1900, new editions, translations, commentaries, serials, chronological number is assigned to the author number as in the past. (3) It separates the Eastern materials from the Western materials and makes the typing easy in cataloging. That is because the subarrangement within the same chronological book number is made by the accession order which uses 'panjol-ponmun' or the characters of basic syllabic table of Korean alphabet in case of the Eastern materials and Roman alphabet in case of the Western materials.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.1964-1969
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• 2019

The safety and efficiency of nuclear reactors largely depend on the monitoring and control of nuclear radiation. Due to the unique nuclear-physical characteristics, Hf is one of the most promising materials for the manufacturing of the control rods and the emitters of neutron detectors. It is proposed to use the Compton neutron detector with the emitter made of Hf in the In-core Instrumentation System (ICIS) for monitoring the neutron field. The main advantages of such a detector in comparison the conventional β-emission sensors are the possibility of reaching of a higher cumulative radiation dose and the absence of signal delays. The response time of the detection is extremely important when a nuclear reactor is operating near its critical operational parameters. Taking Hf as an example, the general principles for calculating the chains of materials transformation under neutron irradiation are reported. The influence of ^179m1Hf on the Hf composition changing dynamics and the process of transmutants' (Ta, W) generation were determined. The effect of these processes on the absorbing properties of Hf, which inevitably predetermine the lifetime of the detector and its ability to generate a signal, is estimated.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.193-199
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• 2000

The a-C : H films have been grown on the glass substrate by PECVD method, where plasma was generated with a 60 Hz line power source. The growth rate of films is found to be dependent of the partial pressure of $C_2H_2$. This growth rate is a little higher than that in which $CH_4$ instead of $C_2H_2$ is used. The transmittance is also much higher(95%). The optical energy gap of films is in the range of 1.4~1.8eV depending on the partial pressure of $C_2H_2$. However, this energy gap, which is 1.8eV, is found to be independent of the partial pressure of $C_2H_2$ for the thick films above $2000{\AA}$. The carbonization is checked from peak intensities of D ($sp^3$) and G($sp^2$) peaks in Roman spectra. The hydronization and C-H bonding status in films can also be determined from FTIR results. Both the bonding strength of C-H and the ratio of $sp^3$ to $sp^2$ in bonding are found to be slightly dependent of partial pressure of $C_2H_2$. Judging from above results, we can conclude that the best value for partial pressure of $C_2H_2$ in growing process of thick films is about 13.8%.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1464-1472
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• 2014

The microbial community structures of two continuous stirred tank reactors digesting turkey manure with pine wood shavings as well as chicken and swine manure were investigated. The reactor fed with chicken/swine wastes displayed the highest organic acids concentration (up to 15.2 g/l) and ammonia concentration (up to 3.7 g/l ammonium nitrogen) and generated a higher biogas yield (up to $366ml/g_{VS}$) compared with the reactor supplied with turkey wastes (1.5-1.8 g/l of organic acids and 1.6-1.7 g/l of ammonium levels; biogas yield was up to $195ml/g_{VS}$). The microbial community diversity was assessed using both sequencing and profiling terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms of 16S rRNA genes. Additionally, methanogens were analyzed using methyl coenzyme M reductase alpha subunit (mcrA) genes. The bacterial community was dominated by members of unclassified Clostridiales with the prevalence of specific clostridial phylotypes in each reactor, indicating the effect of the substrate type on the community structure. Of the methanogenic archaea, methanogens of the genus Methanosarcina were found in high proportions in both reactors with specific methanosarcinas in each reactor, whereas the strict hydrogenotrophic methanogens of Methanoculleus sp. were found at significant levels only in the reactor fed with chicken/swine manure (based on the analyses of 16S rRNA gene). This suggests that among methanogenic archaea, Methanosarcina species which have different metabolic capabilities, including aceticlastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, were mainly involved in anaerobic digestion of turkey wastes.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.313-330
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the metatheatricality of Harris' plays marked by the device of 'play-within-a-play' - Androcles and the Lion, Arkansaw Bear, and Punch and Judy. In his metatheatrical plays Harris shows that characters perform for themselves and others. The framework that inner performance is going on within the outer frame play is formed on the stage, and this device reminds the audience in the seats that they are representing reality but that they are only in the middle of performing on the stage. Based on this point of view, this study explores fictionality of character, and play. In Androcles and the Lion, the most-performed children's play in America, the metatheatrical elements are shown in the style of commedia dell'arte, which attacks the rigidity of characters' identity in the Roman society. Another well-known children's play, Arkansaw Bear consists of realistic frame play and fantastic inner play in the mind of a girl, both of which function as a mirror each other and help to sustain aesthetic distance to death and reality on the stage. In Punch and Judy, the structure of frame play and inner puppet play reminds that what's going on in the play is just a fictional play and reflects history of children's puppet show. Harris' unique metatheatricality, the heightened awareness of his own artistic medium, offers children educational opportunity to learn about how a play is performed on the stage and contributes to convey mature theme through children's imaginary participation in the process of playmaking on the stage.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.79-87
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• 2014

In general, at the relationship between claim and obligation if debtor does not fulfill its obligations arbitrarily the creditor can claim to debtor such as lawsuit. It means, despite the debtor ordered payment through the judgment, if debtor disobey that judgment, compulsory execution can be performed by the force of the country. In the end, fulfillment of obligation is enforced by national authorities in principle. However, exceptionally, even it established as a valid debt, if debtors fulfill themselves, they may not be protected from the national authorities. That is the natural obligation. The natural obligation originated from the Roman law which enforces strict type legal system and it is exceptional phenomenon in modern civil law which is made up as that all the bonds are likely to recourse. Therefore, in Korean theory acknowledge that debt is natural obligation and there is no exception. However, there are still controversy about the presence and occurrence of natural obligation. So, in this paper, want to review about its extent and effect including the concept of natural obligation.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.29-42
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• 2012

Historically, the pattern and technology of Copts' textiles, who were a minority in Egypt, have been studied a lot in the textile sector due to its unique characteristics. Unlike ones in other regions that appeared around the same time, the overall configuration ratio of the patterns looks exaggerated or distorted because they expressed it plainly by interpreting the world with ordinary people's eyes. Also, because it had used mixed linen and woolen yarns, harsh expression way and the use of various colors have been one of the features in Coptic textiles. Coptic textiles, which have been developed along with the historical development of continued domination from neighboring countries, have expressed the effects of the Roman Empire, Christ, Christianity, and Islam on the pattern of its fabric. This study analyzed its characteristics which make people smile by the way of expressing a simple and humorous representation of the textiles and categorized them as Humoristic Beauty - the aesthetic category of humorous feature. In this study, the Humoristic Beauty in Coptic textiles has been analyzed in terms of the following three smiles; the smiles coincidental with the flow of time, the smiles made by the shaping of distorted proportions and appearance, and the smiles like folk-paintings made by a rustic expression way. This study shows the possibility of the further studies on the textile patterns history from a different angle. I look forward to more detailed analysis in the follow-up studies in the future.