• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.741-745
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• 2011

Well-resolved vibronic emission spectra were recorded in the visible region from the corona discharge of precursor alkylbenzenes in a technique of corona excited supersonic expansion using a pinhole-type glass nozzle. From the observed spectra, we found the evidence of the presence of benzyl-type radicals generated by dissociation of C-C or C-H bonds of alkyl group. After identification of benzyl-type radicals formed in the corona discharge, we suggest that energy densities in alkyl chain play a crucial role in determining the bond dissociation during corona excitation.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.263-271
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• 2010

The Reidemeister orbit set plays a crucial role in the Nielsen type theory of periodic orbits, such as the Reidemeister set does in Nielsen fixed point theory. In this paper, using Heath and You's methods on Nielsen type numbers, we show that these numbers can be evaluated by the set of essential orbit classes under suitable hypotheses, and obtain some formulas in some special cases.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.228-240
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to determine the influences of knowledge, self-efficacy, and social support on sick role behavior in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods: The participants were 192 patients with coronary artery disease in D city. Data were collected from January 1, 2014 to April 30, 2014 using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS/WIN 19.0 using ANOVA, t-test, Pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Factors having an influence on sick role behavior were age (70 years old ${\beta}$=.275, p<.001), occupation (Office job ${\beta}$=-.230, p<.001), knowledge (${\beta}$=.204, p<.001), self-efficacy (${\beta}$=.188, p<.001), underlying disease (stroke ${\beta}$=.142, p=.008), and family type (live with their children ${\beta}$=-.128, p=.038). These factors explained 56% of the variance in sick role behavior. Conclusions: More positive knowledge and self-efficacy are needed for the sick role behavior. In addition, results of the study indicated that age, occupation, underlying disease, and family type were very important in predicting health behaviors of patients with coronary artery disease. Thus, it would be necessary to include patients' characteristics in designing an education program for people with coronary artery disease.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.269-275
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• 1998

It has been reported that the $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase and the $Ca^{2+}-Na^+$ exchanger play an important role for the regulation of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ in somatic cells, the $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase located in the plasma membrane helps the $Ca^{2+}$ concentration in maintain low $[Ca^{2+}]_i$. Roldan & Fleming reported that the spermatozoan $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase plays an important role in the capacitation and acrosome reaction. We used to assess $Ca^{2+}$ changes by chlortetracycline (CTC) patterns in the capacitation and acrosome reaction of human and hamster spermatozoa. In the present study applying quercetin which has been known as an ATPase antagonist, the enzymatic effect of $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase on capacitation and acrosome reaction was found to be remarkable: a significant increase of the transformation from the original type to the B type and the AR type of spermatozoa. This finding suggests that $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase play an important role in the efflux and the influx of the $Ca^{2+}$ which have been known to be an essential factor for the capacitation and acrosome reaction, and that the inhibitory action of the $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase might be a prerequsit step toward the capacitation and acrosome reaction. In conclusion, this study suggest the considerable evidence as follows: the increment of the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration occurred by controlling the slope of $Ca^{2+}$ concentration through $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase activites in both the intracellular and extracellulr fluid may be important procedures for the capacitation and the acrosome reaction, and finally for fertilization of the sperm and ovum.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.454-460
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• 2002

While atherosclerosis is a major killer, there is now concern that mortality from the disease will increase due to the rising incidence of type II diabetes. Because diet can potentially influence both diseases, it is important to elucidate the role of diet in the progression of atherosclerosis. In addition, the mechanisms involved in dietary-related alterations of the disease need to be defined to guide public health recommendations to reduce athero-sclerosis incidence and limiting unwanted side effects. Since diet is thought to play a role in atherosclerosis even without added complications due to type II diabetes, reducing the incidence of that metabolic disease will not be enough. While evidence is increasing that high intake of carbohydrate can lead to type II diabetes and atherosclerosis, the preponderance of existing evidence indicates that intake of specific fats as a major dietary causal factor. It has recently been hypothesized that a dietary fat link to atherosclerosis may depend partly on the activity of a transcriptional regulator, the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR). Thusfar, PPAR $\alpha$, $\beta$/$\delta$ and ${\gamma}$, have been shown to play a major role in metabolism, inflammation, and cancer. Furthermore, PPAR may regulate specific processes associated with atherosclerosis such as triglyceride and low density lipoprotein (LDL) metabolism; the reverse cholesterol transport pathway; lipid accumulation within plaques; the local inflammatory response and plaque stability. Synthetic ligands for PPAR have been developed; however, natural ligands include specific fatty acids and their metabolites. Though the role of PPAR in atherosclerosis has been reported with respect to synthetic ligands, additional studies need to be done with established and possible natural ligands. In this review, we will focus on the relation of dietary fat to PPAR alteration of atherosclerosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1553-1558
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• 2015

Background: COX-2 has been shown to play an important role in the development of breast cancer and increased expression has been mooted as a poor prognostic factor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between COX-2 immunohistochemical expression and known predictive and prognostic factors in breast cancer in a routine diagnostic histopathology setting. Materials and Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour tissue of 144 no special type (NST) invasive breast carcinomas histologically diagnosed between January 2009 and December 2012 in Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Alor Setar, Kedah were immunostained with COX-2 antibody. COX-2 overexpression was analysed against demographic data, hormone receptor status, HER2-neu overexpression, histological grade, tumour size and lymph node status. Results: COX-2 was overexpressed in 108/144 (75%) tumours and was significantly more prevalent (87%) in hormone receptor-positive tumours. There was no correlation between COX-2 overexpression and HER2/neu status. Triple negative cancers had the lowest prevalence (46%) (p<0.05). A rising trend of COX-2 overexpression with increasing age was observed. There was a significant inverse relationship with tumour grade (p<0.05), prevalences being 94%, 83% and 66% in grades 1, 2 and 3 tumours, respectively. A higher prevalence of COX-2 overexpression in smaller size tumours was observed but this did not reach statistical significance. There was no relationship between COX-2 expression and lymph node status. Conclusions: This study did not support the generally held notion that COX-2 overexpression is linked to poor prognosis, rather supporting a role in tumorigenesis. Larger scale studies with outcome data and basic studies on cancer pathogenetic pathways will be required to cast further light on whether COX-2 inhibitors would have clinical utility in cancer prevention or blockage of cancer progression. In either setting, the pathological assessment for COX-2 overexpression in breast cancers would have an important role in the selection of cancer patients for personalized therapy with COX-2 inhibitors.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.111-124
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• 2017

The environmental dependence of the morphology of dwarf galaxies in isolated satellite systems is analyzed to understand the origin of the dwarf galaxy morphology using the visually classified morphological types of 5836 local galaxies with $z{\leq}0.01$. We consider six sub-types of dwarf galaxies, dS0, dE, $dE_{bc}$, dSph, $dE_{blue}$, and dI, of which the first four sub-types are considered as early-type and the last two as late-type. The environmental parameters we consider are the projected distance from the host galaxy ($r_p$), local and global background densities, and the host morphology. The spatial distributions of dwarf satellites of early-type galaxies are much different from those of dwarf satellites of late-type galaxies, suggesting the host morphology combined with $r_p$ plays a decisive role on the morphology of the dwarf satellite galaxies. The local and global background densities play no significant role on the morphology of dwarfs in the satellite systems hosted by early-type galaxies. However, in the satellite system hosted by late-type galaxies, the global background densities of dE and dSph satellites are significantly different from those of $dE_{bc}$, $dE_{blue}$, and dI satellites. The blue-cored dwarf satellites ($dE_{bc}$) of early-type galaxies are likely to be located at $r_p$ > 0.3 Mpc to keep their cold gas from the ram pressure stripping by the hot corona of early-type galaxies. The spatial distribution of $dE_{bc}$ satellites of early-type galaxies and their global background densities suggest that their cold gas is intergalactic material accreted before they fall into the satellite systems.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.215-220
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• 2006

Objective : Tyrosine kinase inhibitors may be useful in the management of cerebral vasospasm. It has not yet been reported whether L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channels playa role in tyrosine kinase inhibitors-induced vascular relaxation of cerebral artery. This study was undertaken to clarify the role of L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channels in tyrosine kinase inhibitors-induced vascular relaxation, and to investigate the effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channels currents in freshly isolated smooth muscle cells from rat basilar artery. Methods : The isolation of rat basilar smooth muscle cells was performed by special techniques. The whole cell currents were recorded by whole cell patch clamp technique in freshly isolated smooth muscle cells from rat basilar artery. Results : Patch clamp studies revealed a whole-cell current which resembles the L-type $Ca^{2+}$ current reported by others. The amplitude of this current was decreased by nimodipine and increased by Bay K 8644. Genistein[n=5], tyrphostin A-23[n=3]. A-25[n=6] $30{\mu}M$ reduced the amplitude of the L -type $Ca^{2+}$ channel current in whole cell mode. In contrast, diadzein $30{\mu}M$ [n=3]. inactive analogue of genistein, did not decrease the amplitude of the L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channels current. Conclusion : These results suggest that tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as genistein, tyrphostin A-23, A-25 may relax cerebral vessel through decreasing level of intracellular calcium, [$Ca^{2+}$]i, by inhibition of L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.51-90
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• 2021

Talent is a person who has the values and skills necessary to achieve effective goals and performance of the nation, society, organization, and individuals, or those who play a key role in generating the success or performance of the nation and companies. It can be said that it is a talented person who will achieve a well-equipped library world and a knowledge-based national society. In this study, in order to derive the talent image of the librarian, the talent image, competency, role of the librarian, librarian job development, PEST analysis, etc. suggested in various fields of society including the library world were performed. First, 11 human resources were derived, and 4 types of human resources were derived through the FGI process, and a verification process was conducted for users, librarians, and students. Finally, in this study, four librarian talents were proposed: creative convergence type talent, personality type talent, professional type talent, and communication type talent.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.39.1-39.13
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• 2020

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic and systemic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration in the exocrine glands. In SS, type I IFN has a pathogenic role, and recently, inflammasome activation has been observed in both immune and non-immune cells. However, the relationship between type I IFN and inflammasome-associated pyroptosis in SS has not been studied. We measured IL-18, caspase-1, and IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) in saliva and serum, and compared whether the expression levels of inflammasome and pyroptosis components, including absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), caspase-1, gasdermin D (GSDMD), and gasdermin E (GSDME), in minor salivary gland (MSG) are related to the expression levels of type I IFN signature genes. Expression of type I IFN signature genes was correlated with mRNA levels of caspase-1 and GSDMD in MSG. In confocal analysis, the expression of caspase-1 and GSDMD was higher in salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs) from SS patients. In the type I IFN-treated human salivary gland epithelial cell line, the expression of caspase-1 and GSDMD was increased, and pyroptosis was accelerated in a caspase-dependent manner upon inflammasome activation. In conclusion, we demonstrate that type I IFN may contribute to inflammasome-associated pyroptosis of the SGECs of SS patients, suggesting another pathogenic role of type I IFN in SS in terms of target tissue -SGECs destruction.