• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.547-560
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• 2013

The importance of renewable energy has increased continuously due to the energy insecurity and the necessity of reducing carbon dioxide which is causing global climate change. In such a situation, the Pohang Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) power plant project which is launched in December 2010 shall be a new opportunity for the development of EGS related technologies in Korea. In this paper, the case studies of Fenton Hill project in the USA and Hijiori project in Japan are introduced in order to help a part of the domestic EGS demonstration project. As a result, it could be helpful to minimize the trial and error of the domestic EGS project by acquiring the achievements and limitations of existing EGS projects.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.506-520
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• 2013

While geothermal energy provides the only base-load power among renewable energy sources, its development has been carried out predominantly in volcanic area. EGS (Enhanced Geothermal System) is a ubiquitous technology that can allow the geothermal power generation virtually in any area. This manuscript introduces the current state-of-the-art of EGS development in the world and presents the hydraulic stimulation technology and associated microseismicity which are key technical component in EGS. Finally this paper suggests the key research areas required in Korea for further development of EGS.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.521-537
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• 2013

While microseismicity induced by hydraulic stimulation carried out for EGS is useful means in estimating the range of permeability increase, it also affect surface structures and environments. In order to establish a mitigation plan for microseismicity triggered by hydraulic stimulation, we reviewed world-wide guidelines on the impact of ground vibration on the surface structure and human environment by blasting. Case studies from Europe and USA on the microseismicity by hydraulic stimulation are presented and suggestions are made for the guidelines on ground vibration by hydraulic stimulation for the ongoing Pohang EGS project.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.366-376
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• 2017

In this paper, we investigated the subsidence possibility and countermeasures according to the current mining method through investigation of the subsidence condition in operation mine. Most of the metal mine were broken, investigating to subsidence pattern of the Sink-hole. Coal mines are becoming more and more deep, investigating to Trough type subsidence patterns in existing mining areas. History of nonmetallic mines have not been developed for over 30 years, but large and small ground deformation problems have been investigated. Mining also has ground subsidence functionality due to time dependence by relying more heavily on empirical methods than technical methods. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the various researches on systematic development method and prevention of subsidence of nonmetallic mines.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.377-386
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• 2017

This study was carried out to predict the future technology on the prevention and reclamation of mining induced subsidences in Korea. We summarized the technical improvement of ground surveys and investigation, ground stability assessment, ground reinforcement, ground monitoring system and so on. It is essential to improve the technology that we try to collect and review all the data that is implemented on the site of mined area in Korea and collaborate all the members of public and private business sectors. We, also, try to expand our business area to related industry such as tunnelling, civil infrastructure, underground environmental assessment etc, and continue to develop oversea's market.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2001

The estimation of proper prediction method and the transformation method of environmental regulation standard were carried out by measuring blasting vibration. Vibration velocity was more adequate than vibration level in the blasting design by scaled distance. Thus, design and construction mutt be controlled by vibration velocity, and it is required that the vibration velocity is transformed to vibration level to meet regulation standard. Three transformation methods were studied. First, transformation formula is derived from the shock vibration data only. The second method it the transformation by correlation equation of vibration velocity and vibration level measured at the same time. The last one is the transformation of vibration velocity by FFT. It seems to be difficult to estimate damages by these methods because that every method shows considerable error. But transformation formula of PPV component to vibration level was most practical.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.15 no.5 s.58
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• pp.338-343
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• 2005

This study analysed response spectrum using the observed ground motion from the mine blasting and, then compared the results to the seismic design response spectra applied domestic nuclear power plants. The results showed that the resultant response spectra above 20 Hz revealed higher values than the design response spectra and those below 20 Hz revealed much lower values. These facts suggest that the analysis of response spectrum should be applied to the analysis of impacts to frequency dependent structures in addition to the analysis of peak values of ground motions.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.114-122
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• 1995

The principle and applications of GPR(Ground Penetrating Radear) are familiar to engineering geologists and geophsicists as very attractive technique for continuous high resolution images of the subsurface. However, the main limitation of GPR is obviously related to presence of clayey or silty conductive soils, resulting in complete attenuation of radar signals. This difficulty gives hesitation for the exploration of the deeper targets for example detecting bedrock, particularly in Korean situation that most regions have conductive overburden. In order to prove usefulness of geological survey with GPR in that situation, the technique was tried to investigate depth of bedrock under thick conductive overburden and the other geolocgical informations for the constructionof foundation in the Dongbu apartment site, Kimhae. The reflection patterns on the processed GPR sections are well correlated with the geotechnical units-bedrock, alluvium, landfill unit and their internal layer-boundaries of boring data before GPR survey, except upper contact of bedrock. The isopach maps of the geotechnical units for the 3-D interpretations are made from GPR sections. The maps provided useful geological information that bedrock was distributed as plain and valley with 22~27m depth under alluvium unit (this depth is 5~8 m deeper than drill log) and sedimentary layers subsided and bended along growth fault with NNE strike/15$^{\circ}$SE dip in alluvium unit.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.134-143
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• 1995

Effects of blasting vibrations on curing concrete have not been well studied. As a result, unreasonable and strong blasting vibration constraints have been placed on blasting when it occurs in the vicinity of curing concrete. To study the effects of blasting on curing concrete blocks of 33.3X27.7X16.2 cm were molded and placed on the quarry. Several sets of concrete blocks were subjected separately to peak vibrations of 0.25, 0.5. 1.0, 5.0, and 10cm/sec. The impulses of blasting vibrations were applied with thirty-minute intervals. Along with unvibrated concrete blocks, the vibrated concrete samples cored with 60.3 mm in diameter were measured for elastic moduli, sonic velocity and uniaxial compressive strength. Test results can be summarized as follows; 1. The blasting vibrations between 6 and 8 hours after pour generally lowered on the uniaxial compressive strength of the concrete. 2. A low blasting vibration of 0.25 cm/sec did not affect the uniaxial compressive strength. As the magnitude of the blasting vibration increases, compressive strength of concrete is decreased. 3. Physical properties of the P-wave velocity, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio showed a weakly decreasing trend in the concrete blocks vibrated between 6 and 8 hours after pour.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

Microseismic monitoring is utilized for the performance verification and safety management of the structure by detecting fine levels of damage. In order to construct a highly reliable microseismic monitoring system, the role of signal conditioner is critical. The signal conditioner helps with accurate data collection and precision control of the device, and performs additional functions such as signal conversion, linearization, and amplification. In this technical report, noise reduction signal conditioner suitable for mining sites was developed and reviewed for the purpose of implementing more precise monitoring by supplementing the previously developed microseismic monitoring system.