• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.23-30
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• 1974

The relations of the growth responses of plants, i.e. 4 species of crops, 12 species of roadside trees and 5 species of horticultural plants to cadmium (Cd) to which added soil were studied in pot culture. Growth in dry weight of corn, soybean, barley and wheat plant were decreased with increase of Cd concentration. Damage of corn plant caused by Cd treatment was more or less recovered when it was grown in soil with calcium, but that of other three crops was not recovered when it was with calcium. Although crop plants used here absorbed small amount of Cd through root, Cd content in the shoot was directly proportionate to the concentration of Cd treated to soil. Additions of calcium and sulfur to soil were effectively to change of soil pH, and only of calcium increased exchangeable calcium and cation exchange capacity of its soil. The chlorosis on leaves caused by Cd treatment was observed in 2 species such as Euonymus japonica and Rhododendron yedoense out of 5 species of the horticultural plants, especially at 50ppm of Cd concentration, Euonymus japonica occurred symptoms of chlorosis and difoliation, and at the higher concentration than that the symtoms were sever more and more. At 200 ppm of Cd feeble damage was observed in Pinus koraiensis and Ginkgo biloba but severe chlorosis observed in Robinia pseudoacacia and Sabina chinensis, Buxus koreana, Abies holophylla and Platanus orientalis. Nevertheless those plants had serious damage at 200 ppm of Cd, such symptom was weakened by adding calcium to soil with Cd. There were many Cd tolerant species out of the plants used in thies xperiment, such as Crassula falcata, Chrysanthemum morfolium, Hibiscus syriacus, Ligustrum ovalifolium, Liriodendron tulipeferia, Lespedeza crytobotrys.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.393-410
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• 2012

Conventional geotechnical instrumentation techniques available for monitoring of slopes, especially soil-nailed slopes have limitations such as electromagnetic interference, low accuracy, poor longterm reliability and difficulty in mounting a series of strain sensors on a soil nail bar with a small-diameter. This paper presents a slope monitoring system based on fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensing technology. This monitoring system is designed to perform long-term monitoring of slope movements, strains along soil nails, and other slope reinforcement elements. All these FBG sensors are fabricated and calibrated in laboratory and a trial of this monitoring system has been successfully conducted on a roadside slope in Hong Kong. As part of the slope stability improvement works, soil nails and a toe support soldier-pile wall were constructed. During the slope works, more than 100 FBG sensors were installed on a soil nail, a soldier pile, and an in- place inclinometer. The paper presents the layout and arrangement of the instruments as well as the installation procedures adopted. Monitoring data have been collected since March 2008. This trial has demonstrated the great potential of the optical fibre monitoring system for long-term monitoring of slope performance. The advantages of the slope monitoring system and experience gained in the field implementation are also discussed in the paper.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2000년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.294-297
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• 2000

Heavy metals are extracted from Chonju stream sediment, roadside soils and sediments along Honam expressway, soils and tailings from mining area using partial ectraction in Standard Method, partial ectraction method with maintaining 0.1N of extraction solution and acid digestion. In samples having buffer capacity against acid, 0.1N of extraction solution can not be maintained and pH of extraction solution increases up to 8.0 when partial extraction in Standard Method is used. The averages and ranges of (heavy metals extracted using partial extraction in standard method, HPE)/(heavy metals extracted using partial extraction method with maintaining 0.1N of extraction solution, HPEM) values are 0.506 and 0.145~1.126 in Cd, 0.534~ and 0.078~0.928 in Zn, 0.461 and 0.041~1.715 in Mn, 0.359 and 0.011~0.874 in Cu, 0.195 and 0.018~1.785 in Cr, 0.710 and 0.003~3.075 in Pb, and 0.088 and 1.73$\times$10$^{-5}$ ~0.303 in Fe. These data indicate that the difference between HPE and HPEM is big in the order of Fe, Cr, Cu, Mn, Cd, Zn and Pb. It is quite possible that the partial extraction method in Standard Method of soil in Korea is not adequate for an assessment of contamination in area where buffer capacity of soil will be decreased or lost after a long term exposure of soils to environmental damage.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.803-809
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• 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effects of soil amendment (heat-expanded clay and active carbon) and planting of Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum on the remediation of salt-affected soil and the plant growth under high calcium chloride (CaCl₂) concentration. The experimental group comprised treatments including Non treatment (Cont.), heat-expanded clay (H), active carbon (AC), planting (P), heat-expanded clay+planting (H+P), active carbon+planting (AC+P). A 200 mL solution of CaCl₂ at a concentration of 10 g·L^-1 was applied as irrigation once every 2 weeks. Compared to the Cont., the incorporation of the 'heat-expanded clay' amendment decreased electrical conductivity of the soil leachate and cation exchange capacity, whereas the growth of Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum was relatively increased. These results suggest that the combination of 'heat-expanded clay' amendment and planting will mitigate negative effect of de-icing salts and improve plant growth in salt-contaminated roadside soils.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.83-94
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• 2007

Test application of revegetation measure was made on the roadside slope damaged by Gimcheon-Eomo national road improvement project in a bid to prevent the soil from being washed out as well as to restore the ecological environment, and the survey for assessing the effect of slope revegetation measures was conducted, beginning Sep 7 through Sep 20, 2006. In the wake of comprehensive reviewing and evaluating the surrounding topographic environment, physical and chemical characteristics of soil, germination of revegetation plants, analysis of bio mass, covering ratio and the plants appeared, revegetation measure C was found to have been most effective and desirable for further application in the area. Viewing the specific applicability by the area, revegetation measure C and C-1 appeared to be appropriate for blasting rock slope and ripping rock slope as they are efficient in preventing the slope from being washed out and in early revegetating. And revegetation measure B deemed to be effective to blasting rock slope or ripping rock slope as an alternative. And for cut slope, vegetation measure C-2 was judged to be more effective than measure D or E, while measure C-3 would be appropriateto embankment slope.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2001년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.222-225
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• 2001

In urban environments, the surface land impermeability fundamentally related to urban growth emphasizes the environmental problems such as the storm water peak flow (so-called the urban flooding) and the pollution. The conventional urban drainage system provides a number of temporary reservoirs intercepting and retaining surface-derived pollutants following their introduction to and deposition upon the impermeable surface. Gully-pots are common features in urban drainage systems in Korea, which were installed for draining rainwater to prevent regurgitation in rainy season and retaining larger particles, hence minimizing pipe blockage problems. When the road runoff conveying sediment enters a gully-pot, the sediment mixes with the gully liquor causing direct pollution of receiving waters. The characteristics of local sediment contamination are usually related to the types of land use activities that take place or have taken place within the area., This study was undertaken to evaluate the spatial and temporal variations of the contamination of gully-pot sediments in Seoul with respect to heavy metals such as As, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cu and Zn. The heavy metal data were examined according to the land use type. In this paper, sampling sites in Seoul were divided into six groups (commercial area, industrial area, residental area, motor way, rural area, and local pollution).

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.68-73
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• 2003

본 연구는 용도별 토양에 대한 중금속 및 불소 오염 조사를 하기 위하여 한강 남쪽에 위치한 11개 구청(양천구, 강서구, 구로구, 영등포구, 관악구, 동작구, 강남구, 강동구, 서초구)에서 비교적 오염 개연성이 구분될 것으로 판단되는 도로, 공장, 학교운동장, 적환장, 공원, 약수터 주변 등, 그동안 비교적 조사 자료가 부족하였던 토양을 대상으로, 6개의 용도별 시료를 채취하여 pH, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, F 항목을 분석하였다. 조사 결과 용도별 토양의 pH는 4.7∼9.5의 범위로 나타났으며, 중금속 및 불소 평균 농도는 Cd 0.391 mg/kg(0.011∼1.081 mg/kg), Cu 12.35 mg/kg(0.061∼73.62 mg/kg), Pb 13.04 mg/kg(N.D.∼61.85 mg/kg), Hg 0.0866mg/kg(N.D.∼l.3530mg/kg), F 206 mg/kg(47.1∼561 mg/kg)이었다. 용도별 토양에 대한 최대, 최저 농도는 Cd이 잡종지 0.632 mg/kg,학교용지 0.079 mg/kg, Cu는 도로용지 21.35 mg/kg, 학교용지 2.159mg/kg, Pb은 도로용지 24.70mg/kg, 학교용지 1.030mg/kg, Hg은 잡종지 0.1780 mg/kg, 학교용지 0.0087 mg/kg, F의 경우 임야 282 mg/kg, 학교용지 164 mg/kg로 나타나서 전체적으로 Cd, Cu, Hg은 대부분 적환장으로 이용되고 있는 잡종지가, Pb은 도로용지에서 각각 높은 농도를 나타내었고, F는 임야 지역을 대상으로 한 토양에서 높은 농도를 보였다. 그러나 학교용지는 Cd, Cu Pb, Hg. F등에서 상대적으로 다른 용도별 토양보다 낮은 농도를 나타내었다. 한편 조사대상 지역의 토양은 우리나라 토양 환경 우려 기준에는 대체로 적합하였으며 SQPI는 17.0∼211.1로 조사 대상 토양의 86.4%가 100미만으로 대체로 1등급에 해당하는 양호한 토양질을 유지하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.149-157
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• 1994

To investigate the causes of distribution of Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl. mostly restricted on the roadside and reclaimed land, plant growth was analyzed under different of tread-pressures: $P_1$(10 times/day, $16.34Kg/cm^2$), $P_2$(20 times/day, $31.52 Kg/cm^2$), $P_3$(30 times/day, $40.79 kg/cm^2$) and the control $P_c$(0 times/day, $3.73 Kg/cm^2$). The matter production in the $P_1$decreased compared with that in the $P_c$, and those in the $P_2$and $P_3$ continuously decreased so that its length growth gradually decreased and, in particular, the growth of leaves and nodule was suppressed. The number of leaves and roots tended to increase in the $P_2$and $P_3$. The water contents of roots following the increase of tread-pressure increased continuously. Following the increase of tread-pressure, T/R ratio and C/F ratio tended to increase. Kummerowia striata showed the highest growth in the $P_c$ and showed 26% relative growth in the $P_1$compared with that in the $P_c$. This plant showed 8% relative growth in the $P_3$, which is excess to the tread-pressure $21Kg/cm^2$, the limit of growth in the plant. Because this plant grew continuously in the P$_3$, the tread-pressure is regarded as an important factor affecting the roadside distribution of this plant.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.166-171
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• 2003

본 연구는 가로수의 염류 피해 원인을 밝히고, 생리생화학적 내성 특성을 구명하고자 하였다. 공시재료는 2년생 느티나무를 사용하였으며, NaCl을 0, 3, 14, 56, 112mM로 토양에 처리한 후, 근원경, 형성층 전기저항치와 잎 내 탄수화물 및 이온 함량 등을 측정하여 생리적인 피해 반응을 비교 분석하였다. 느티나무는 NaCl처리에 의해 생리적인 대사과정이 저해를 받은 것으로 나타났다. 특히 염류농도가 증가함에 따라 활력이 감소하였으며, 체내 이온농도가 변하여 이온 불균형이 발생하였다. 이러한 결과는 염류 처리에 의해 식물의 뿌리에서 수분 흡수력이 저해되면서 수분 스트레스가 유발되었기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 반면 생장과 체내 탄수화물 대사에는 큰 영향을 주지 않았는데, 이것은 NaCl 처리 농도가 너무 낮았거나 처리 기간이 너무 짧았기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 느티나무 가로수가 장기적으로 염류에 노출되었을 경우, 생장에 심각한 장애가 발생할 것으로 예측된다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.158-162
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• 1974

Some ecological attributes of perennial plants and Pb contamination were analyzed for study plots near an entrance of Nevade Test Site at Mercury Valley, Nye County, Nevada. The surface of the desert pavement soil was composed of stones (1 to 4cm diameter). The underside of each stone was coated with coarse and fine sand (about 90%). The profiles of soil were constituted with the A-horizon and C-horizon only. The soil pH at the plots ranges from 7.6 to 8.5, C/N was 13 and cation exchange capacity showed 15me/100g. Nine species and 42 number of individuals were found in all plots. Franseria dumosa and Larrea divaricata were dominant species. The discrete clumps of vegetation were consisted of 9 species of common perennials and these were covered about 25% on desert pavement, on the other words, bare area without vegetation was about 75%. The size and spacing of the plants was irregular. Community coefficient as comparison between shrub species in these study area and those in near the low elevation desert indicated a low degree of similarity. Density, cover and productivity in the study plots as compared with those in the nearest study areas in Mercury Valley showed a higher value. The soils in the studied area involved high heavy metal contents in the plant tissue was higher than those of its soil. The leavds of Lycium andersonii tended to accumulate more Zn and Mo than those of the other species. Larrea divaricata leaves accumulated very high leaves of Fe and Ephedra nevadensis were generally high in Mn. Lead contamination was apparent in foliage of desert vegetation collected alongside the roadway, reflecting the variation in traffic volume. Lead contents greater than fifteen-fold of normal (low traffic) were found in plant foliage alongside the heavily traveled roadway. Lead content of old foliage by the heavily traveled roadway was as much as 129 ppm but that of new foliage 17 ppm only.