• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2011

This study was purposed to develop an effective LC/MS/MS method for simultaneously determining five pre-treated cyanotoxins (anatoxin-a, microcystins-RR, -YR, -LR and -LA) of cyanobacteria blooms. Cyanobacterial bloom samples were collected from 11 major lakes and three downstream areas of river around Korea during 2005~2009. Cyanotoxins were identified in 38 samples from the lakes. The validity of the method was evaluated and the recovery rates were found ranging from 83~87%. The MDL turned out to be $0.046\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ for anatoxin-a and $0.066\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ for microcystins (RR, YR, LR and LA), which indicates that the method has high sensitivity and accuracy. The most dominant genus of the cyanobacterial blooms was Microcystis, which accounted for 71% of the analysed samples. Microcystis also contained the largest amount of microcystins ($398.5\;{\mu}g\;gDW^{-1}$) among the analyzed cyanobacteria. The analysis of the five cyanotoxins showed that anatoxin-a ranged between $0{\sim}41.833\;{\mu}g\;gDW^{-1}$ and microcystins ranged between $6.311{\sim}2,148.786\;{\mu}g\;gDW^{-1}$. Among the microcystins, micocystin-RR took up 58.3%, the largest portion. Anatoxin-a was found to account for 77.8% of the samples. This study has its significance in that it allowed the establishment of toxin criteria appropriate for the Korean water systems. Further studies may be necessary to conduct for improving water treatment methods.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.45-50
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• 2006

About 50% of the population and 75% of the properties concentrate on the flood plain in Japan. The rivers have intimate relationship with our lives. Those conditions have been seen after modern river improvement projects that began about a century ago. The technology which was introduced from foreign countries was improved in conformity with geographical features and the climate condition of our nation, and has redeveloped as a Japanese original technology. In 1940's, Japan had serious natural disasters that were caused by large- scale typhoons. Those typhoons wiped out everything completely. Even though the government realized the importance of flood control and management after those natural disasters, civil work still aimed to economic development. Those construction works have become the one of factors for concentrating population and degrading natural environment in urban areas. Deterioration of river environment has become serious issue in urban development and main cause of pollution. The approaches for environmental restorations which were started about 30 years ago aimed to harmonize with nature environment and cities and human lives. There have been going on many projects called 'river environmental improvement projects', the 'nature friendly river works' and 'natural restoration projects.' The society has tried to find a way to live in harmony with nature. As for societies symbiotic with habitats will form the safe country in the history and the spectacle. Such as the symbiotic of the river or the basin where discharge, water quality, nature, the history, landscape, the local society and also for culture were built in is achieved. Examples of working, applied to restoration technologies and the one to describe the mechanism construction are been shown in the paper. Furthermore, write for an international spread of the river technology of Japan to attempt.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.43-51
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• 2000

This study aims to find the characteristics of the folk houses in the upper area of Seomjin river in the view point of generating housing floor plans by their human and natural elements of environment. Because they are formed differently as them and have the characteristics as the houses in the upper area of Seomjin river. Seomjin river flows from mid-west area of the Korean peninsula to the southern sea. This is about 212.3km long and the fourth in the south of the Korean peninsula. It is surrounded high mountains in the upper area and makes open field in the mid and lower area of river. The study is surveyed and analyzed to the folk houses of the middle and lower class people in the area of Seomjin river. Because they have been formed by their natural and human elements of environment gradually. They are 35 houses - 13 in Jinan-kun, 4 in Imsil-kun, 10 in Namwon city, 10 in Sunchang-kun. They are analyzed by their floor plans and their spatial relations. The result of this study is that they are made by their natural and human elements of environment. There are some houses with semi-several wings and with storage that are appeared in the mountain village. It reflects that they are surrounded by high mountains. And there are some houses with wooden floor room that are appeared in the area of river little in the area of mountain. To prevent wind from the river the houses are layouted as a form . open ㄴ type, open ㄷ type, and their wall is made of stone and planted bamboo trees around their houses.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.103-112
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• 1998

Nature-friendly river project has became common practice in Japan. In order to make it available for the conservation and rehabilitation of desirable water environment, water criteria for water environmental assessment must be established. Especially, the criteria estimating the effects on ecosystem in and around river should be constructed. In this paper, classification method for water quality has been developed using biological indices and applied to observed data in Honmyo River, Nagasaki, Japan. Modified PI method (BI') has been suggested and those of three most abundant species resulted effective estimate for an overall water quality with comparatively simple procedure. Extensive database management code was prepared for the comprehensive ecological monitoring of river basin, which includes various biota. That system enables easy access of all the ecological data for a dissemination of a sound and sustainable water environment. The result of this study could improve knowledge base, serve making consensus for citizens, and help river management plans. In Japan, citizen's realization and action are the most critical factor for nature-friendly river restoration project.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.127-140
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• 2010

This study investigates the relation between the location of a habitat and the ecological connections according to the habitat type in the riparian zone at the Nonsan Stream and Yanghwa Stream. Stream habitat is classified into nine types for the aquatic insects and fish. For vegetation and birds, habitat is classified into two types of medium-scale streams, including both physical and chemical streams are analyzed accordingly. Nowadays, The fundamental goal of the river environment restoration enterprise is the rehabilitation or the restoration of the characteristic the river scenic or environment. For instance, The Channel habitats which has physical nature environment such as flat, speedy rapids, or closed-channel wetland, pool are constructed by artificial, Consequently, make them autogenesis smoothy eco-environment. However, the river environment are controlled not only physical environment, but it also need reasonable the quality of the water to compose smoothly. Finally, understanding what influence are effecting on physical habitat environment which are made by natural factors to water quality are very important factor for the river environment restoration enterprise Therefore, In this research, we are targeting to a basin to investigate the environment of the physical channel habitat and evaluate the changing of the water quality. This results will be a important characteristic that can judge the physical habitat and reciprocality connected to the water quality or adequacy of restoration technology. Therefore in this study, as a step to quantify functions and values of habitats and definite factors to perform habitat, we selected a representative stream of sand-stream, gravel-stream to classify habitat characteristics and quantified the physical, chemical, biological characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.316-326
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• 2022

This study aimed to investigate the causes of the increasing Total Phosphate(TP) in the mainstream of Mangyeong river over the past 10 years, and suggested a reduction plan of about 3 points. First, the high TP concentration was continuously released in the discharge outlet of the Haepo bridge stormwater pipeline. The average TP concentration was 5.066 mg/L and values as high as 29.470 mg/L were measured. The highest pollution contribution rate to the Mangyeong river was more than 70 %. The cause of the pollution was expected to take place somewhere in Wanju Industrial Complex. Second, the average TP concentration of wastewater-treated effluent in the H factory was 0.405 mg/L. If a TP reduction facility is additionally installed in the H factory, it will help reduce TP uptake by Lake Saemangeum. Third, the TP concentration of untreated non-point source point flowing into the Samrae stream was very high with an average of 2.828 mg/L. Also, the pollution contribution rate of Samraecheon 2 to Mangyeong river was 21.8 % on average and up to 58 %. The pollution contribution rate was also high during the agricultural season and the winter, during which the flow rate is decreased. Investigation of these three points may be continuously needed, and analysis results and policy proposals presented to Jeollabukdo and Wanjugun to manage pollution sources.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.spc
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• pp.54-57
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• 2005

It is important to assess the change of water environment in the present and past. In this study, present-day water quality standards are applied to the expressions in literary works to reconstruct the historical water environment including the quality. As the result, the historical reconstruction of water quality has been made distribution of water quality from 1905 to 1935 for the Sumida River in Tokyo.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.342-349
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• 2016

Andong belongs to the Nakdong River Basin, Nakdong River is flowing through the city, including Andong dam and Imha dam. The runoff due to provincial transfer and impervious area has been increasing by urbanization increases and nonpoint source loads. In this study, we evaluate the runoff and nonpoint pollution loads in accordance with the development targeted at selected urban water cycle leading to Andong city. Andong city leading to the water cycle plan to evaluate the directly runoff and BOD, T-N and T-P nonpoint pollutant loads using the CN into account the temporal and spatial changes. Evaluation, direct runoff per year is 10.41 % if the green roof and a water permeable pavement replacement, water cycle parks and streets compositions, City impermeable layer improvements to be business including four kinds of scenario is applied to both the development and the BOD non-point pollutant loads 20.56%, T-N 9.55% and T-P pollution and nonpoint loads was investigated to be reduced 14.29%. Four kinds of low lapse rate of the development scenario of the highest thing urban impervious surface was investigated by improving business development prior year annual direct runoff is 6.25 %, BOD nonpoint pollution loads are 11.84%, T-N nonpoint pollution loads are 4.46 % and T-P was investigated by reducing pollutant loads to be 10.20%.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.291-296
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• 2008

Pollutant unit load developed by Ministry of Environment (MOE) in 1995 has been a tool commonly used for water quality management and environmental policy decision. In spite of the convenience of the method in application, the shortcoming of the method has been criticized especially for nonpoint source pollution from paddy field. In this paper the estimation procedures of pollutant unit load from paddy field in the major river basins (Han, Nakdong, Geum, and Youngsan river) were investigated, and some suggestions of improvement measures of the unit-load estimation were made. The investigation showed that the distributions of rainfall, run-off, and run-off ratio, which are the most important factors affecting discharge amount of pollutants, were not similar among river basins. Such differences seemed to result in a greater unit loads estimation at Han river and at Nakdong river watersheds compared to the others. Therefore, it is not likely to be rationale to compare unit load among the watersheds without consideration of such differences. We conclude that estimation of unit-load through an intensive monitoring of pollutant discharge is crucial for better estimation of unit-load. When such an intensive monitoring is not easy due to labor and expense restriction, we suggest that unit-load should be estimated based on the storm-events which is a representative rainfall-runoff event of the area.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.647-657
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• 2018

This study was carried out to review as criteria for zoning at management plan for river restoration, in case of naturalness of river environment and suitability of water friendly activity suggested at assessment system of river environment in Korea. As a result of reviewing law and guidelines concerned, historic & cultural resources used as criteria for preservation zone, it was judged that the historical and cultural value as the preservation zone needs to be examined in connection with waterfriendly activity zone. In this study, we propose a sequential evaluation method to distinguish the waterfriendly activity zone by applying suitability of waterfriendly activity reflecting land use social characteristics, followed division of preservation and restoration zone at the first stage by the naturalness of river environment reflecting the natural environmental characteristics as a result of application to the test bed, Gap and Yudeung streams. In particular, it was concluded that the results of the present study provided more clear criteria for the problem that the last criteria for zoning did not reflect the difference between the left and the right side of stream, or the designation of the excessive water friendly zone. On the other hand, the criteria for designation in this study reflect the characteristics of various river environments as well as the setting of assessment unit based on the physical characteristics of rivers, and other legal regulations and local situations should be adjusted and supplemented in administrative procedures.