• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.789-795
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• 2014

In a demand response (DR) market run by independent system operators (ISOs), load aggregators are important market participants who aggregate small retail customers through various DR programs. A load aggregator can minimize the allocation cost by efficiently allocating its demand response resources (DRRs) considering retail customers' characteristics. However, the uncertain response behaviors of retail customers can influence the allocation strategy of its DRRs, increasing the economic risk of DRR allocation. This paper presents a risk-based DRR allocation method for the load aggregator that takes into account not only the physical characteristics of retail customers but also the risk due to the associated response uncertainties. In the paper, a conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) is applied to deal with the risk due to response uncertainties. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2015

Enterprise Risk Management(ERM) is aiming at the establishment of the risk management process to prevent and cope with risks in advance and is composed of Risk Identification, Risk Assessment, Risk Response and Monitoring. It is feedback through the Risk Re-identification. This study has analysed a sample of the risk management system of an airport operating corporation, for this purpose, relevant documents and examples of overseas airports have been reviewed. It has found that corporations establishing ERM have been performing identical procedures such as the process of Identification, Assessment, Effective Reporting, Communication and monitoring and so on. The A corporation has established the process for risk management and crisis management and organized for its organization and system. The risk management has the same process such as above. In this process, when the symptoms of critical crisis have been recognized, it has been transformed into crisis management system, through which, corporate-wide response has been conducted in the process of crisis status analysis, response and follow-up management. This study expects to contribute to systematic foundation for future business continuity on the basis of risks and response procedures acknowledged by this study.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2002

최근 들어 국내 대형건설회사들을 중심으로 위험관리체계에 대한 관심이 급증하고 있으며, 각 회사들은 위험관리체계를 건설공사에 적용하기 위하여 많은 노력을 기울이고 있다. 그러나 기존의 외국 공공기관에서 적용되었던 위험관리 방법론들은 위험관리 프로세스가 일회성으로 완료되고, 프로젝트 관리자의 개인적 판단에 크게 의존하는 측면이 강하여, 이를 국내 건설공사에 적용할 경우 많은 문제점이 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구의 목적은 건설환경에 더욱 적합하고, 실용적인 위험관리 방법론으로 잔여위험을 고려한 위험대응 프로세스 모델을 제안하는 것이다. 이러한 프로세스는 특정 위험요인에 대한 위험대응 전략 수립시 전략의 효율성을 감안하여 잔여위험도를 계산한 다음 잔여위험도가 위험허용도 이하가 될 때까지 반복적으로 위험대응 전략을 수립하는 프로세스이다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1999

To find characteristics and areas of greater risk of oil spill at the coastal waters in Korea, some of risk factors were analyzed with historical data of oil spill and marine traffic. As a result, it is characterized that frequency of oil spill is increasing year by year and greatest percentage of spill source is fishing boat. It is proposed that the ports of Ulsan, Yeosu, Incheon and Pusan will be designated as primary area of risk as they have a higher risk of oil spills and its response authority is required to maintain appropriate regional response capability for prompt and effective response to a future spill incident. In addition, the regional response equipments at Ulsan are examined under a assumption of a medium size spill and it is found that the use of chemical dispersant can be an alternative when mechanical containment and recovery is not feasible in this area, and the existing response equipments may be appropriate to address that size of spill. However, the response authority is required to maintain more numbers of stronger boom for unsheltered waters and more quantity of concentrate dispersant to disperse all spilled oils on the water, furthermore the response authority should be prepared for a possible future catastrophic spill with sufficient equipments.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.184-187
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to find the perceived risk which influences consumers' purchase attitudes so that consumers' participation in electronic commerce could be enhanced. Consumer behavior involves risk in the sense that any action of a consumer will produce consequences which one cannot anticipate, and some of which are at least likely to be unpleasant. The types of perceived risks are financial risk, performance risk, social risk, psychological risk, time loss, opportunity loss, privacy risk, fashion loss, delivery risk, seller's response risk and seller's fraud risk The findings are as follows: $\circled1$ The financial risk, performance risk, time loss, delivery risk, seller's response risk and seller's fraud risk have negative effects on the consumers' purchase attitudes. $\circled2$ There is no difference in the level of perceived risk according to the demographic factors such as age, education and income level.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.5107-5111
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• 2016

Background: Epidemiological studies have indicated an increasing incidence of radiation induced secondary cancer (SC) in breast cancer patients after radiotherapy (RT), most commonly in the contra-lateral breast (CLB). The present study was conducted to estimate the SC risk in the CLB following 3D conformal radiotherapy techniques (3DCRT) including wedge field and forward intensity modulated radiotherapy (fIMRT) based on the organ equivalent dose (OED). Material and Methods: RT plans treating the chest wall with conformal wedge field and fIMRT plans were created for 30 breast cancer patients. The risks of radiation induced cancer were estimated for the CLB using dose-response models: a linear model, a linear-plateau model and a bell-shaped model with full dose response accounting for fractionated RT on the basis of OED. Results: The plans were found to be ranked quite differently according to the choice of model; calculations based on a linear dose response model fIMRT predict statistically significant lower risk compared to the enhanced dynamic wedge (EDW) technique (p-0.0089) and a non-significant difference between fIMRT and physical wedge (PW) techniques (p-0.054). The widely used plateau dose response model based estimation showed significantly lower SC risk associated with fIMRT technique compared to both wedge field techniques (fIMRT vs EDW p-0.013, fIMRT vs PW p-0.04). The full dose response model showed a non-significant difference between all three techniques in the view of second CLB cancer. Finally the bell shaped model predicted interestingly that PW is associated with significantly higher risk compared to both fIMRT and EDW techniques (fIMRT vs PW p-0.0003, EDW vs PW p-0.0032). Conclusion: In conclusion, the SC risk estimations of the CLB revealed that there is a clear relation between risk associated with wedge field and fIMRT technique depending on the choice of model selected for risk comparison.

• Architectural research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2019

Risk assessment during pre-construction phase is important due to the uncertainty of the risks that may exist in projects. Risk checklist is a method to systematically classify and organize the risks that have been experienced in the past, and to identify the risk factors that may be present in the future projects. In addition, risk value assessment based on checklists plays a key role in risk management, and various risk assessment researches have been conducted to carry out this systematically. However, previous approaches have limitations in common, this is because risk values are evaluated individually in risk checklists, which ignore interdependencies among risk factors and neglect the emergence of co-occurrence of risks. Hence, when multiple risk factors cooccur, they cannot be far off from the conventional method of summing the total risk value to establish the risk response strategy. Most of risk factors are interdependent and may have multiple effects if occurred than expected. In particular, specific cause can be overlapped if multiple risks co-occur, and this may result in overestimation of the risk response for the future project. Thus, the objective of this research is to propose a model to help decision makers to quantify the risk value reflecting the interdependency during the identification phase using existing risk checklist that is currently being practiced in actual construction projects. The proposed model will provide the guideline to support the prediction and identification of the interdependency of risks in practice. In addition, the better understanding and prediction of the exceeding risk response by co-occurring risks during the risk identification phase for decision makers.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2002년도 Current Trends in Toxicological Sciences
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• pp.137-137
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• 2002

Biologically Based Dose-Response (BBDR) models were developed using biomarkers for cancer risk assessment. To establish the relationship among biomarkers, exposure dose and tumor response, biomarkers in the lung, liver, stomach or blood were measured after a single or continuous administration of selected carcinogen (; BaP) in mice or rats.(omitted)

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한예방의학회 1994년도 교수 연수회(환경)
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• pp.412-415
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• 1994

The fundamental assumption that thresholds exist for noncarcinogenic toxic effects of chemicals is reviewed; this assumption forms the basis for the no-observed-effect level/ safety-factor (NOEL/SF) approach to risk assessment for such effects. The origin and evolution of the NOEL/SF approach are traced, and its limitations are discussed. The recently proposed use of dose-response modeling to estimate a benchmark dose as a replacement for the NOEL is explained. The possibility of expanding dose-response modeling of non carcinogenic effects to include the estimation of assumed thresholds is discussed. A new method for conversion of quantitative toxic responses to a probability scale for risk assessment via dose-response modeling is outlined.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.329-339
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• 2024

Purpose: This study investigated the moderating role of general self-efficacy (GSE) on how stress caused by pregnancy and daily hassle affect the risk of preterm birth (PTB) in women experiencing preterm labor. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 196 pregnant women experiencing preterm labor before 37 weeks of gestation. We used IBM SPSS Statistics 27 and employed Hayes process macro version 4 (model 1) and hierarchical regression to analyze the moderating effect of GSE on the relationship between pregnancy stress, daily hassle stress, and PTB risk. Results: Stress caused by pregnancy and daily hassle was positively correlated to PTB risk (r = .54, p < .001; r = .25, p < .001, respectively). While GSE did not significantly correlate with pregnancy stress, it negatively correlated with daily hassle stress (r = - .19, p = .009). GSE significantly moderated the relationship between combined stressors and PTB risk. As GSE levels increased, escalation in PTB risk in response to increasing stress levels was a more pronounced, highlighting a complex interaction between higher GSE levels and response to escalating stress levels. This model accounted for 39.5% of the variance in the PTB risk. Conclusion: Higher GSE may amplify the impact of stress on PTB risk, rather than mitigate it, which suggests a more nuanced role of GSE in the stress response of pregnant women at risk of preterm labor. GSE should be considered in care strategies, and managing its impact on stress perception and responses in pregnant women is crucial.