• 상하수도학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.389-403
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• 2021

In this study, dual drainage system based runoff model was established for W-drainage area in G-si, and considering the various rainfall characteristics determined using Huff and Mononobe methods, the degree of flooding in the target area was analyzed and the risk was compared and analyzed through the risk matrix method. As a result, the Monobe method compared to the Huff method was analyzed to be suitable analysis for flooding of recent heavy rain, and the validity of the dynamic risk assessment considering the weight of the occurrence probability as the return period was verified through the risk matrix-based analysis. However, since the definition and estimating criteria of the flood risk matrix proposed in this study are based on the return period for extreme rainfall and the depth of flooding according to the results of applying the dual drainage model, there is a limitation in that it is difficult to consider the main factors which are direct impact on inland flooding such as city maintenance and life protection functions. In the future, if various factors affecting inland flood damage are reflected in addition to the amount of flood damage, the flood risk matrix concept proposed in this study can be used as basic information for preparation and prevention of inland flooding, as well as it is judged that it can be considered as a major evaluation item in the selection of the priority management area for sewage maintenance for countermeasures against inland flooding.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2015

본 연구는 축산식품과 식중독 세균 조합의 위험순위 결정을 위한 방법으로 축산식품 관련 식중독사고 보고서(2008-2012년 자료), 축산식품 전문가의 견해, 반 정량적 위해평가 도구인 Risk Ranger 를 이용하여 문헌자료를 분석 그 결과를 비교하였다. 본 연구결과에 따르면 지난 2008년-2012년 기간 동안 국내 축산식품에서 식중독 발생 빈도가 높았던 주요 원인균은 Salmonella, Pathogenic E. coli, C. jejuni 순으로 나타났으며 Salmonella 식중독의 주요 원인 식품은 계란인 것으로 보고되었다. 그러나 국내에서 우선적으로 관리가 필요하다고 생각되는 식중독 세균/축산식품조합에 대해 축산식품 전문가들은 가장 우선적 위해 관리가 필요한 Top 5순위 중 첫 번째로 Campylobacter/계육을 제시하였고 그 다음으로 Salmonella/식용란 및 알가공품, Enterobacter sakazakii/조제분유, Pathogenic E. coli/분쇄가공육, Pathogenic E. coli/식육을 선정하였으며 Salmonella 는 식육보다는 식용란 및 알 가공품에서 우선적 위해관리가 필요함이 제시되었다. 또한 분쇄가공육, 소시지 및 햄류에 대해서는 Cl. perfringens, L. monocytogenes, S. aureus 의 3가지 병원성 미생물들의 위해관리의 필요성이 제시되었다. 또한 국외에서 개발된 반 정량적 미생물 위해평가 도구인 Risk Ranger 를 이용하여 국내 식중독 발생 통계자료 및 전문가 의견 설문조사 등과 비교 분석한 결과, Risk Ranger 는 식품과 미생물 조합의 위험 순위를 간단하게 평가할 수 있는 장점이 있으나 Risk Ranger 의 결과에 영향을 주는 입력변수에 필요한 데이터가 없을 경우에 최종결과를 신뢰하기에 한계를 보였다. 특히 국내에서는 축산식품 원재료에 대해 식중독 세균의 정량적 오염수준 및 공정에 따라 오염수준에 미치는 효과에 대한 자료가 매우 부족한 것으로 나타났는데 Risk Ranger 결과, 위해순위가 0으로 나타난 경우를 분석해 보면 모니터링 자료가 없거나, 섭취 전의 조리를 통해 99% 가열이 가능한 경우였다. 최종적으로 본 연구에서는 축산식품관련 식중독 발생 통계자료, 전문가의견, Risk Ranger 분석결과를 종합적으로 분석하여 식중독 세균/축산식품 조합에 대한 위해평가 및 관리 우선대상을 순위별로 그룹화하였다. 식중독 사고 발생 및 위해 가능성이 가장 높은 위험그룹 I에는 Salmonella spp./식용란 및 알 가공품, Campylobacter spp./계육, Pathogenic E. coli/식육 및 분쇄가공육이 선정되었으므로 차후 이들 제품에 대한 정량적 위해평가 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구결과는 차후 축산식품 및 그 가공품에 대한 정량적 미생물 위해평가의 효율성을 높이고 우선 관리 대상에 대한 과학적 근거 자료를 제시할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.754-768
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• 2022

연구목적: 본 연구는 교통안전 향상을 위해 적용중인 스마트 교통안전 시스템에 대하여 이용자의 만족도 분석을 통한 개선 사항을 도출하는데 목적이 있다. 연구방법: 설문조사 기반의 IPA 분석을 통해 운전자와 보행자 그룹의 시스템 및 서비스 개선 항목을 도출하였다. 연구결과: 분석 결과, 운전자와 보행자 그룹 모두 Quadrant 1(Keep up the Good Work)은 '위정정보 인지성', Quadrant 3(Low priority)은 '주의정보의 정시성'으로 나타났다. 반면 운전자 그룹에서 Quadrant 1(Keep up the Good Work)로 분석된 'AI 디스플레이 적합성'이 보행자 그룹에서는 Quadrant 3(Low priority)으로 나타났다. 결론: 스마트 보행안전시스템은 이용자에 따라 만족 요인이 달라질 수 있으며, 이용자 중심의 시스템 구축 및 서비스 제공이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.193-201
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• 2023

WHO에서는 항생제 사용으로 인한 위해를 줄이고 사람의 건강을 지키기 위한 목적으로, 더욱 신중하게 사용해야 하는 항생제를 '중요 항생제'로 분류하였다. 중요 항생제 선정은 2가지 기준으로 분류하였는데, 기준 1은 사람에서 심각한 세균 감염을 치료하기 위하여 유일한 또는 치료제가 제한적인 항생제 계열, 기준 2는 세균이 비인체 유래로부터 사람으로 감염된 경우 또는 세균이 비인체로부터 내성유전자를 획득할 가능성이 있는 경우이다. 그 결과 '매우 중요한 항생제(Critically important antimicrobials, CIA)', '중요도 높은 항생제(Highly important antimicrobials, HIA)', '중요항생제(Important antimicrobials, IA)' 등 3개 그룹으로 분류되었다. 특히, 매우 중요한 항생제 중에서도 관리의 우선순위가 높은 항생제를 '최우선 중요 항생제(Highest priority critically important antimicrobials, HPCIA)'로 재분류하였는데, 여기에는 3세대 이상 Cephalosporins, Macrolides, Quinolones, Glycopeptides 및 Polymyxins가 속하였다. 중요 항생제 목록은 많은 국가에서 항생제의 올바른 사용과 내성 감소를 위한 위해평가 및 위해관리 정책 등 다양한 분야에 과학적 근거를 제공하며, McDonalds, KFC 등 식품산업 분야에서도 식품안전을 위하여 중요 항생제 목록이 활용되고 있다. 중요 항생제 목록(CIA list)는 앞으로도 새로운 연구 결과를 반영하여 지속적으로 보완될 것이다. 국내에서도 우리의 항생제 내성에 대한 조사결과 등을 신중하고 면밀하게 검토하여 우리 실정에 적합한 목록을 개발함으로써 식품안전성을 확보해 나가는 것이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2020

In this study, the purpose is to identify the risks of the facilities of packaged hydrogen stations. As a risk identification method, failure mode & effect analysis (FMEA), a qualitative risk assessment, was used to analyze failure mode and effects of component of each facility. The analysis criteria were used to derive the risk priority number (RPN) using the 5-point method according to severity, incidence, and detectability. The study analyzed a total of 141 components of 23 types that can be identified on the design of the packaged hydrogen filling station. As a result, 683 types of failures and their causes and effects were identified. and the RPN was number of a total of 1,485. Of these, 10 failure types with a RPN value of 40 or more were deemed necessary. In addition, a list of failure types with a severity score of 5 was identified and analyzed.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.37-52
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• 2012

This research has set up the fire fighting general index for Fire fighting of Crowded Wooden Building Cultural Asset which is composed of traditional wooden building instinct or complex. The results of this study are as follows. First, Fire fighting general index for crowded wooden building cultural asset, it is necessary to set fire fighting priority by considering fire risk and cultural asset characteristic and establish the system to cope with fire disaster in the most effective way by arranging facilities with restricted resource. Second, Fire risk is the index to draw fire and spread risk of cultural asset by applying index calculation processes such as fire load, burning velocity and ignition material spread characteristic to various aspects such as individual building and complex and combining their results. Cultural asset importance index consists of individual building evaluation, publicity security degree, area importance evaluation and historical landscape degree evaluation. Third, for each index combination process, weight of each index is drawn on the basis of AHP analysis result that is performed to the specialists of related fields. The formula to apply and combine it is prepared to apply the model to include meaning of each index and comparative importance degree.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.548-560
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• 2005

Purpose: High risk women with congenital heart disease decide to get pregnancy is determined by not individual autonomous intention but complex interaction with their physical status and socio-psychological environments. This study tried to the answer to the question. : "What is experience high risk women who have congenital heart disease during transition to parenthood?". Method: A micro-ethnographic research method and oral historic research approach were done at the Grown-Up Congenital Heart Disease Clinic in one Korean metropolitan city from July 2002 to September 2003. Result: It was discovered that high risk women's experience of transitional parenthood is accounted as the process of lonely and fearful self-accomplishment. Their need for self-accomplishment creates them seek more opportunities to increase enduring abilities for their parenthood. Conclusion: We suggest that from the time of beginning of patient's making decisions about becoming pregnant, collaborative efforts must be considered that priority level of patient's needs be reviewed and find appropriate advices for their situation. Special counseling program should be provided to all the prospective parents with understanding their meaning of parenthood.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.20-30
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• 2001

The science and technology of seismic hazard mitigation are increasingly being shared among scientists and policy makers around the world. Administrative expertise is also being shared. While there is still tremendous unevenness in technical and administrative capacities and resources, a global community of emergency managers is developing and there is a globalization of expertise. Hazards are better understood, tools for risk assessment are improving, techniques for hazard mitigation are being perfected, and communities and states are implementing more comprehensive disaster preparedness, response, and recovery programs. Priorities are also emerging and hazard mitigation has emerged as the priority of choice in North America and Europe. An increasingly important component of hazard mitigation is resilience, in terms of increased capacities for disaster mitigation and recovery at the community and even individual levels. Each year, more is known about the locations and natures of seismic hazards, although there are still unknown and poorly understood fault lines and limited understanding of related disasters such as tsunamis and landslides. More is known about the impact of earthquakes on the built environment, although nature still provides surprises to confound man's best extorts to reduce risk. More is known about human nature and how people respond to uncertain risk and when confronted by certain catastrophe. However, despite the increased understanding of seismic phenomena and how to protect people and property, there is much that needs to be done to reduce the risk, particularly in major metropolitan areas.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2014

Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) is a widely used engineering tool in the fields of the design of a product or a process to improve its quality or performance by prioritizing potential failure modes in terms of three risk factors-severity, occurrence, and detection. In a classical FMEA, the risk priority number is obtained by multiplying the three values in 10 score scales which are evaluated for the three risk factors. However, the drawbacks of the classical FMEA have been mentioned by many previous researchers. As a way to overcome these difficulties, this paper suggests the ELECTRE III that is a representative technique among outranking models. Furthermore, fuzzy linguistic variables are included to deal with ambiguous and imperfect evaluation process. In addition, when the importances for the three risk factors are obtained, the entropy method is applied. The numerical example which was previously studied by Kutlu and Ekmekio$\breve{g}$lu(2012), who suggested the fuzzy TOPSIS method along with fuzzy AHP, is also adopted so as to be compared with the results of their research. Finally, after comparing the results of this study with that of Kutlu and Ekmekio$\breve{g}$lu(2012), further possible researches are mentioned.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

After the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (NPP) accident, new regulatory requirements were enforced in July 2013 and a backfit was required for all existing nuclear power plants. It is required to take measures to prevent severe accidents and mitigate their radiological consequences. The Regulatory Standard and Research Department, Secretariat of Nuclear Regulation Authority (S/NRA/R) has been conducting numerical studies and experimental studies on relevant severe accident phenomena and countermeasures. This article highlights fission product (FP) release and hydrogen risk as two major areas. Relevant activities in the S/NRA/R are briefly introduced, as follows: 1. For FP release: Identifying the source terms and leak mechanisms is a key issue from the viewpoint of understanding the progression of accident phenomena and planning effective countermeasures that take into account vulnerabilities of containment under severe accident conditions. To resolve these issues, the activities focus on wet well venting, pool scrubbing, iodine chemistry (in-vessel and ex-vessel), containment failure mode, and treatment of radioactive liquid effluent. 2. For hydrogen risk: because of three incidents of hydrogen explosion in reactor buildings, a comprehensive reinforcement of the hydrogen risk management has been a high priority topic. Therefore, the activities in evaluation methods focus on hydrogen generation, hydrogen distribution, and hydrogen combustion.