• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.82-91
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• 2023

Background: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) provide evidence on the effectiveness and safety of interventions and inform systematic reviews and guideline preparation for clinical application. However, methodological flaws can occur in many RCTs, and Cochrane's risk of bias version 2 (RoB2) can be used to evaluate RCTs' risk of bias (RoB). However, physical therapy RCTs in Korea did not confirm RoB. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate RoB using RoB2 in RCTs published in the Korean Physical Therapy Journal. Design: Review. Methods: The RCTs subject to evaluation were RCTs published in 11 physical therapy journals in Korea from 2018 to 2022. RoB2 evaluated a total of five domains: bias arising from the randomization process, bias due to deviations from intended interventions, bias due to missing outcome data, bias in measurement of the outcome, and bias in selection of the reported result. Results: A total of 616 RCTs were evaluated. As for bias arising from the randomization process, high risk was the highest at 555 (90.1%), followed by low risk at 41 (6.7%) and some concerns at 20 (3.2%). For bias due to deviations from intended interventions, the proportion of some concerns was the highest at 390 (63.3%), followed by high risk at 218 (35.4%) and low risk at 8 (1.3%). As for the bias due to missing outcome data, the rate of low risk was the highest at 399 (64.8%), followed by high risk at 159 (25.8%) and some concerns at 58 (9.4%). As for bias in measurement of the outcome, high risk was the highest at 294 (47.7%), followed by low risk at 224 (36.4%) and some concerns at 98 (15.9%). In the bias due to missing outcome data, the ratio of high risk was the highest at 610 (99%), followed by low risk at 4 (0.7%) and some concerns at 2 (0.3%). Conclusion: Most of the RoB evaluation results of RCTs published in the Korean Physical Therapy Journal were rated as high risk. Methodological quality of RCTs needs to be improved.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 1999

Risk Assessment is an important area in toxicology and the methodology for risk assessment has been developed. Mathematical models used for risk assessment include one-hit multi-hit, two-stage, probit logistic, multistage, and linearized multistage models. For the assessment of exposure dose, environmental monitoring has been applied, but it has limitation to accurately assess exposure level because the levels in the air, water, foods, and soil may vary depending on time of sampling. In addition, humans can be exposed to various sources of exposure and thus it will be impossible to estimate the total level of exposure in humans by environmental monitoring. To eliminate the limitation of environmental monitoring, a direct measurement of toxic materials or modified biomolecules (called biomarkers) associated with the exposure of toxic materials is needed. Here, scientific basis of biomarkers and future direction have been considered for the assessment of carcinogen exposure and cancer risk in humans.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.107-125
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• 2007

With the rapidly increasing of Korean enterprises, the importance of foreign exchange(FX) risk management for the future operation generated from FDI contract is becoming the critical problem of international business. This type of FX risk, called as "economic exposure risk", requires us of the unique risk management principles and techniques. In this paper, we identify the properties of economic exchange rate exposure, analyze the identification and measurement processes of risk sources and strength, and perform the estimation of the main determinants and its profile effects of the invoicing currency for the efficient management of economic FX exposure.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.1121-1129
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• 2005

The purpose of this study. was to Identification the Risk of construction method to protect and reduce the risk of construction period. The inspection list usually has the difference of importance because this list is not made by Method which is not focused on Method. We tested Risk occurring frequency and it's strength by checking the level of Risk. To solve and compensate the matter which happened by changing the each Method Check List to each General Inspection List, we added the each Method Check List by checking the importance of check list of each process. By doing this, the Check List for finding Risk level of Method was created by using the check list of each Method.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.191-199
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• 2001

Objective : In this study, we focused on estimating the burden of premature death in Korea caused by smoking using the YLL(years of life lost due to premature death) measurement. Methods : First, we determined parameters: such as age-specific standard life expectancy, age on death, sex, and cause of death by analyzing the national death certificate data and life table collected during 1997. These were provided by the National Statistical Office. Secondly, we estimated the age group- specific years of life lost due to premature death by employing the standard expected years of life lost(SEYLL) measurement. Thirdly, the burden of premature death caused by smoking was estimated using the YLLs measurement which was developed by the global burden of disease study group. Fourthly, We calculated the risk related to smoking using the population attributable risk. Results : The following results were obtained in this study: 1) Premature death that is attributable to smoking in males could be prevented in 60.9%(513,582 person-year) by non-smoking. 2) The burden of premature death by smoking for female was prevented to 17.7%(513,582 person-year) by non-smoking. Conclusion : We found that the YLL method employed in this study was appropriate in quantifying the burden of premature death. This provides a rational basis for planning a national health policy regarding premature deaths caused by smoking and other related risk factors.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.375-384
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a correlation between the segmental bio-impedance measurement with the frequency modulations and the life-style disease of obesity. An obesity is not simply the factor for estimating the life-style disease of obesity, but also the risk factor occurring. There are many methods (BMI, WHR, Waist, CT, DEXA, BIA, etc.) for measuring a degree of obesity; the bio-impedance measurement is more economic and more effective than others. The physical examination, the blood test, the medical imaging diagnosis and the bio-impedancemeasurementswithmultiple frequencies for each body parts have been conducted for 77 people. The estimated value has been calculated through a segmental bio-impedance model based on multi-frequency that was created to reflect the highest correlation by analyzing correlation with linear regression analysis method for the measured bio-impedance and the risk factors. Then we compared with the clinical diagnosis. In case of high level cholesterol, low HDL-C and high LDL-C for life-style disease, the sensitivity is 80~100%and the specificity is 83~100%. This study has shown conclusively that bio-impedance can be a possible predictor to analyze the disease risk rate of population and individual health maintenance. And also the multi-frequency segmental bio-impedance can be used as early predictor to estimate the life-style disease of obesity.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.53-63
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• 2022

Recently, as digital transformation due to the COVID-19 pandemic accelerates, data to improve individual quality of life is being used in large quantities, and more reinforced non-identification processing procedures are required to utilize the most valuable personal information among data. In Korea, procedures for de-identification measures are presented through amendments to laws and guidelines, but there is no methodology to measure the level of de-identification in the field due to ambiguous processing standards and subjective risk measurement methods. This paper compares and analyzes the current status of policy and guidelines related to de-identification measures proposed at home and abroad to derive complementary points, suggests a data context-based risk measurement method centered on pseudonymized information processing, and verifies its validity. As a result of verification through Delphi survey and focus group interview (FGI), it was confirmed that the need for the proposed methodology and the validity of the indicators were high.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.69-81
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• 1995

Few studies on the biomechanical analysis of hand postures and tool handling tasks exist because of the lack of appropriate measurement techniques for hand force. A measurement system for the finger forces and joint angles for the analysis of manual tool handling tasks was developed in this study. The measurement system consists of a force sensing glove made from twelve Force Sensitive Resistors and an angle-measuring glove (Cyberglove$^{TM}$, Virtual technologies) with eighteem joint angle sensors. A biomechanical model of the hand using the data from the measurement system was also developed. Systems of computerized procedures were implemented inte- grating the hand posture measurement system, biomechanical analysis system, and the task analysis system for manual tool handling tasks. The measurement system was useful in providing the hand force data needed for an existing task analysis system used in CTD risk evaluation. It is expected that the hand posture measurement developed in this study will provide an efficient and cost-effective solution to task analysis of manual tool handling tasks.s.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2007

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.121-128
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• 2014

SSE-CMM for security engineering, engineering, assurance, risk is divided into three elements of the process maturity assessment model and the level of information security presented. Maturity measurement of privacy, vulnerability diagnosis and risk analysis methodologies is used in practical field for present a comprehensive conclusion. The common cyber services are internet banking, mobile banking, telephone banking and the like. Transaction structure, a kind of cyber-banking system, information security maturity of the existing measurement methodologies for research purposes, vulnerability diagnosis and risk analysis methodologies to be used in practical field present a comprehensive conclusion. To ensure safety and convenience for the user, convenient to deal with cyber environment is the key to the activation of cyber trading. Particularly by measuring the maturity of cyber banking system to ensure the safety of the practice field much effects are expected as a result.