• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.14-20
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• 2019

One of the primary goals of epidemiology is to quantify various aspects of a population's health, illness, and death status and the determinants (or risk factors) thereof by calculating health indicators that measure the magnitudes of various conditions. There has been some confusion regarding health indicators, with discrepancies in usage among organizations such as the World Health Organization the, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the CDC of other countries, and the usage of the relevant terminology may vary across papers. Therefore, in this review, we would like to propose appropriate terminological definitions for health indicators based on the most commonly used meanings and/or the terms used by official agencies, in order to bring clarity to this area of confusion. We have used appropriate examples to make each health indicator easy for the reader to understand. We have included practical exercises for some health indicators to help readers understand the underlying concepts.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.227-235
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• 2015

식품안전보건지표는 그 활용성이 높아 국외에서는 종합적인 환경보건지표 내 세부영역에서 개발되어 활용되고 있으나, 국내의 경우 환경보건지표와 독자적으로 개발되어 도입단계에 있다. 본 연구에서는 기 개발된 식품안전보건지표를 활용할 수 있는 방안을 사례연구의 형태로 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 선정하여 제시한 활용방안으로는 지수화를 통한 통합식품안전보건지수 산출, 통합식품안전보건지수와 이를 구성하는 식품안전보건지표간의 상관성평가, 통합식품안전보건지수와 사회경제적 지위와의 상관성평가가 있다. 지역 내에서 식품안전보건상태의 변화를 나타내는 통합식품안전보건지수I과 해당 년도의 지역별 식품안전보건수준을 나타내는 통합식품안전보건지수II가 산출되었다. 통합식품안전보건지수I은 Campylobacter jejuni, Bacillus cereus, 살모넬라, 원인미상으로 인한 식품매개질환 발생건수, 식품매개 법정감염병 발생률 중 장출혈성 대장균 발생률와 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 통합식품안전보건지수II는 외국인 비율과 여성 비율이 증가할수록 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였고, 인구밀도가 증가할 수록 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다. 제시된 활용방안을 통해 전반적인 국내 식품안전보건상태와 지역별 연도별 식품안전보건상태의 변화원인을 파악할 수 있으며, 식품안전과 관련이 있을 것으로 예상되는 기타 요인과의 연관성을 분석하여 추가적인 추론을 할 수 있다. 이 외에도 식품안전보건지표는 다양한 방면으로 활용이 가능하고, 정책적 기준 설정 및 방향성 제시의 근거자료로도 활용할 수 있으므로 향후 더욱 활발한 연구와 지속적인 관심이 필요하다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.748-759
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effect of spouses participating in health coaching on stage of the change, health behaviors, and physiological indicators among male office workers with cardiocerebrovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and compare the findings with trainers who provided health coaching only to workers. Methods: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was used. Convenience sampling was used to recruit participants from a manufacturing research and development company in the city of Gyeonggi province. The health coaching program for the experimental group (n=26) included individual counseling sessions according to workers' stage of change, and provision of customized health information materials on CVD prevention to workers and their spouses for 12 weeks through mobile phone and email. Results: After 12 weeks of intervention, the total score for health behavior, and scores on the sub-areas of exercise and health checkups significantly improved in the experimental group, but there were no significant differences in the scores of stage of the change and physical indicators. The results of a paired t-test showed a significant decrease in the body mass index, abdominal circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and triglyceride values, and a significant increase in the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol value in the experimental group after the intervention. Conclusion: To improve the health of male workers with CVD risk factors in the workplace, sharing health information with their spouses has proven to be more effective than health coaching for only workers. Therefore, it is important to develop strategies to encourage spousal participation when planning workplace health education for changing health-related behaviors.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.41-61
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• 2018

Purpose: Falls are one of the most frequent health events in medical institutions, however, they can be predicted and prevented. The Quality Improvement Nurse Society clinical practice guideline Steering Committee developed the Clinical Practice Guideline for the assessment and prevention of falls in adult people. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk factors for falls in adults aged 19 years and older, to present an evidence for preventing falls, formulate a recommendations, and indicators for applying the recommendations. Methods: This clinical practice guideline was developed using a 23-step adaptation method according to the Handbook for clinical practice guideline developer (version 1.0) by National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency. Evidence levels and recommendation ratings were established in accordance to SIGN 2011 (The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network). Results: The final 15 recommendations from four domains were derived from experts' advice; 1) assessment of risk factor for falls in adult 2) preventing falls and reducing the risks of falls or falls-related injury 3) management and reassessment after a person falls 4) leadership and culture. Conclusion: This clinical practice guideline can be used as a basis for evaluation and prevention of fall risk factors for adults, to formulate recommendations for fall risk assessment and fall prevention, and to present monitoring indicators for applying the recommendations.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.581-588
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• 2013

Objectives : The aim of the study si to investigate correlation between metabolic syndrome risk factors and oral health status in workers and to propose the integrated and effective management measures. Methods : Subjects were 4,600 workers in industrial company. Data by medical checkup and oral examination were collected from July 13, 2010 to September 12, 2010. Self-reported questionnaire included general characteristics, job description, smoking, drinking, and metabolic syndrome risk factor indicators. Gingivitis, dental calculus and missing tooth tended to have more metabolic syndrome risk factors. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-square test, correlation analysis, logistic regression using SPSS version 18.0. Results : Dental caries revealed 1.146 times higher than the control group. Risk group showed the following results; gingivitis was 1.317 times higher in risk group and 1.612 times in metabolic syndrome. Dental calculus was 1.532 times higher in risk group and 1.557 times in metabolic syndrome. Mssing teeth were 1.976 higher in metabolic syndrome. Conclusions : Metabolic syndrome risk factors had close correlation to poor raol health status. It is necessary to establish the effective plan for the oral health in workers.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.125-137
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was designed as a epidemiologic study for determining priorities of nursing care in women with high risk groups of coronary heart disease(CHD) using risk factors. Method: Subjects were 1015 women who received health screenings at a hospital in Kyunggi, Korea, over one year period from January to December 2006. Results: The 37.9% of women had multiple risk factors for developing coronary heart disease. The most significant risk factors on CHD were the age older than 70 years (OR=11.45), the age between 60-69 (OR=4.65), the age between 50-59 (OR=3.20), having $HbA_1C$ over 7% (OR=2.38), high risk groups of L/H ratio (OR=1.98), and the waist to stature ratio (WSR) over 0.5 (OR=1.33). Conclusion: The findings suggest that women older than 50 years should be considered as an overt target population for CHD prevention, even in the absence of other risk factors. Also, $HbA_1C$ and WSR can be efficient indicators for CHD screening.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2015

Purpose: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of occupational exposure to low dose organic solvents on the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: Study design was retrospective cohort study subjected on 191 exposures and 118 controls working in a petrochemical manufacture company. The eight indicators related to CVD risk were followed up for five years from 2008 to 2012. The risk level was compared during the follow up years and subject's characteristics, and the change of risk level were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: At the start year 2008, the rate over cutoff value (ROCV) of BS (p<.001) and mean systolic BP (p=.017) were higher in organic solvent exposure group and the others showed no difference. And by the subject's characteristics, odds ratio of the ROCV of BS were higher in organic solvent exposure group and work shift group as 2.51 and 3.07. Comparing the results in 2012 to those of 2008, cardiovascular disease risk in organic solvent exposure group was about 1.5 times higher than that of in the control group. Conclusion: Gradual increase in the CVD risk was identified in organic solvent exposure group. However, the risk might be influenced by shift work and bad behaviors rather than organic solvent exposure.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제52권8호
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• pp.456-463
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• 2014

Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA), published by California Dental Association in 2003, is a customized caries care system that classifies individuals' caries risk into 4 risk groups based on objective evidences and provides chemical treatments targeted for each caries risk level. However, this system was not only developed but also optimized for situation in the United States, resulting into many limitations to be used in Korea, and thus Korean CAMBRA (K-CAMBRA) that considers the clinical situation in Korea needs to be developed. K-CAMBRA includes various techniques that are newly developed in order to overcome the limitations. First, Q-ray, a new optical technology, is utilized in order to avoid the subjectivity of visual inspection during assessment of disease indicators and risk factors. Moreover, Cariview? that reflects the paradigm shift in cariology as a new form of caries assessment kit is used. In addition, considering the situation in Korea, where it is impossible to use high concentration fluoride product, Oral pack with a customized tray is added to increase the contact time of chemical substance. CAMBRA is believed to be the key clinical tool that overcomes the limitations of the paradigm of the conventional restoration-based surgical model of dentistry. Furthermore, it can be expected that Korean dentists can act as oral physicians who are able to control and care individuals' caries risk rather than operative experts who only care about the outcome of caries.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.449-461
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• 2023

The aim of this study was to conduct an ecosystem-based fishery risk assessment of tuna fisheries in the Western Indian Ocean. We selected gillnet, purse seine, hand line, baitboat, and longline fisheries as the target fisheries method, and selected longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol), narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson), kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis), skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), yellowfin tuna (T. albacares), bigeye tuna (T. obesus), albacore tuna (T. alalunga) and swordfish (Xiphias gladius) as the target species. The risk score for the size at the first capture in sustainability objective was high, especially, for the purse seine and baitboat fisheries using the fish aggregating devices (FADs). The risk score for the bycatch in the biodiversity objective was high for the gillnet fishery, and the gillnet fisheries using FADs showed high risks for the habitat quality objective due to the loss of the fishing gears. With regards to the socio-economic benefits objective, the risk score of the sales profits was low due to high sales of the tuna fisheries. The ecosystem risk score in the Western Indian Ocean was estimated to be moderate, although management is required for some of the indicators that have high-risk scores.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2020

This study aims to develop the fuzzy risk assessment model of the debris flow to verify the accuracy of risk assessment in order to help related organizations reduce losses caused by landslides. In this study, actual cases of landslides that occurred are utilized as the database. The established models help us assess the occurrence of debris flows using computed indicators, and to verify the model errors. In addition, comparisons are made between the models to determine the best one to use in practical applications. The results prove that the risk assessment model systems are quite suitable for debris flow risk assessment. The reproduction consequences of highlight point discovery are shown in highlight guide coordinating toward discover steady and coordinating component focuses and effectively identified utilizing these two systems, by examining the variety in the distinguished highlights and the element coordinating.