• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.237-243
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• 2008

Purpose: Postoperative Infectious complications are recognized as major complications that are associated with surgery. Although many studies have focused on the risk factors of postoperative complications, little is known about the risk factors of infectious complications after gastric cancer surgery, and especially after elective gastrectomy. There is now more and more interest in the risk factors of infectious complications in relation to controlling infection and as indicators of qualitatively assessing infectious complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors related with infectious complications after performing elective gastrectomy for treating gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a total of 788 patients who had undergone elective gastrectomy for gastric cancer between Jan. 2000 and Dec. 2007. The characteristics of the patients were divided according to the patients' factors and the operations' factors. Results: The patients' mean age was 58.9 (range: 24~91) years; 545 were male and 243 were female. The mean duration of the hospital stay was 20.3 days (range: 5~135 days), the mean operation time was 181.3 minutes (range: 65~440 minutes). The total complication rate was 17.1% (n=135) and the complication rate was 38.5% (n=52) among the 135 patients with infectious complications. The infectious complications were surgical site infection (59.7%), Pneumonia (19.3%), intra-abdominal abscess (11.5%), pseudomembranous colitis (5.7%), bacteremia (1.9%) and hepatic abscess (1.9%). On the univariate analysis, the significant risk factors were male gender, blood transfusion, smoking at the time of diagnosis, alcohol drinking, diabetes mellitus and previous cardiovascular disease (P<0.05 for all). On multivariate analysis that used a logistic regression model, the significant independent risk factors were smoking at the time of diagnosis (OR: 2.877. 95% CI: 1.449~5.713), blood transfusion (OR: 3.440, 95% CI: 1.241~9.534), diabetes mellitus (OR: 3.150, 95% CI: 1.518~6.538), and previous cardiovascular disease (OR: 2.784, 95% CI: 1.4731~5.2539). Conclusion: Pre- or post-operative blood transfusion and the patient's medical history such as previous cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, smoking etc. are the risk factors for infectious complications after undergoing elective gastrectomy for gastric cancer. The patients that have these risk factors need to be treated with great care to prevent infectious disease after elective gastrectomy.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.85-90
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and differences of risk factors of Metabolic syndrome according to menopausal status. From the database of the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V) conducted in 2012, data of 3,537 women who responded to health interview and health examination questionnaires. The presence of Metabolic syndrome was assessed using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. The prevalence of Metabolic syndrome was 17.3% in premenopause and 54.3% in postmenopause. BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and Ferritin were higher in postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal women. However, postmenopausal women had lower HDL cholesterol and TIBC when compared to premenopausal women. Hypertension was the most prominent characteristic of postmenopausal women. Low HDL cholesterol showed up as a meaningful factor in premenopausal women. According to multiple regression analysis, waist circumference, fasting glucose, and HDL cholesterol were independent predictors of menopause. Therefore, obesity control and blood lipids management is recommended for postmenopausal women.

• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.700-706
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• 2012

Obesity is a worldwide epidemic as well as being a major risk factor for diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and several types of cancers. Obesity is mainly due to the overgrowth of adipose tissue arising from an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Adipose tissue, primarily composed of adipocytes, plays a key role in maintaining whole body energy homeostasis. In view of the treatment of obesity and obesity-related diseases, it is critical to understand the detailed signal transduction mechanisms of adipogenic differentiation. Adipogenic differentiation is tightly regulated by many key signal cascades, including insulin signaling. These signal cascades generally transfer or amplify the signal by using serial tyrosine phosphorylations. Thus, protein tyrosine kinases and protein tyrosine phosphatases are closely related to adipogenic differentiation. Compared to protein tyrosine kinases, protein tyrosine phosphatases have received little attention in adipogenic differentiation. This review aims to highlight the involvement of protein tyrosine phosphatases in adipogenic differentiation and the possibility of protein tyrosine phosphatases as drugs to target obesity.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.102-108
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• 2014

Purpose: Rehabilitation of the incomplete dentition by means of osseointegrated dental implants represents a highly predictable and widespread therapy; however, little is known about potential risk factors that may impair long-term implant success. Methods: From 2004 to 2012, a total of 13,147 implants were placed in 4,316 patients at the Academy for Oral Implantology in Vienna. The survival rates after 8 years of follow-up were computed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the impact of patient- and implant-related risk factors was assessed. Results: Overall implant survival was 97% and was not associated with implant length (P=0.930), implant diameter (P=0.704), jaw location (P=0.545), implant position (P=0.450), local bone quality (P=0.398), previous bone augmentation surgery (P=0.617), or patient-related factors including osteoporosis (P=0.661), age (P=0.575), or diabetes mellitus (P=0.928). However, smoking increased the risk of implant failure by 3 folds (P<0.001) and a positive history of periodontal disease doubled the failure risk (P=0.001). Conclusions: Summing up the long-term results of well over 10,000 implants at the Academy for Oral Implantology in Vienna it can be concluded that there is only a limited number of patients that do not qualify for implant therapy and may thus not benefit from improved quality of life associated with fixed implant-retained prostheses.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.164-167
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• 2006

Background: There have been an increasing number of reports about infection-related complications after epidural block, and the analysis of these previous reports may offer valuable information for the prevention and treatment of such complications. Methods: We searched for complications about infection that was related to epidural blockade procedures by using the Medline Search program. We analyzed the types of infection-related complications as well as the potential risk factors, the time course from symptom development to treatment, the causative organisms and the treatment outcomes. Results: Seventeen cases were identified. The types of complications were epidural abscess, subdural abscess, spinal arachnoiditis, bacterial meningitis and aseptic meningitis. Five patients received a single block and twelve patients received a continuous block with catheterization. The most common site of epidural catheterization was the lumbar area and eight patients had indwelling catheters for less than fifteen days. Eight patients had a diabetes mellitus as a risk factor and fourteen patients showed less than seven days from the development of symptoms to treatment. Eleven patients received laminectomy and intravenous antibiotics as a treatment and eight patients had full recovery without neurological deficit. Conclusions: Early diagnosis and treatment is essential for the favorable outcome of infection-related complication after epidural block. In addition, absolute sterile technique should always be performed and patient education concerning these potential complications must be accompanied.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.240-245
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• 2005

The problem of childhood obesity is accelerating throughout the world. Korea is no longer an exception to this problem. The following topics are discussed in this review article: 1) the linkage between childhood obesity and adult obesity, which is often associated with metabolic diseases such as type2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers; 2) characteristics of childhood obesity; 3) measurement of obesity and its unique problem; 4) recent trends in interventions for childhood obesity. Lastly, the author points out that nurses are best suited for carrying out interventions to prevent obesity in childhood. As childhood obesity is a risk factor for persistence of obesity into adulthood, the need to consider the priority of prevention of obesity during childhood is emphasized in this review.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.11 no.sup1
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• pp.149-152
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• 2008

Obesity tracks from childhood into adulthood, and the persistence of obesity rises with age among obese children. Obesity are independent risk factors for increased morbidity and mortality throughout the lifecycle. Obese individuals develop resistance to the cellular actions of insulin, characterized by an impaired ability of insulin to inhibit glucose output from the liver and to promote glucose uptake in fat and muscle. Insulin resistance is a key etiological factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, polycystic ovarian syndrome.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.23
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• pp.10251-10254
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• 2015

Uterine cancer is the most common invasive gynaecological cancer in Australia. Early detection is a key predictive factor achieved by increasing public awareness and participation in screening. This observational study measures awareness of gynaecological malignancies, particularly uterine, among women in two rural areas of New South Wales, Australia. Patients presenting to gynaecology clinics in January to March 2014 were invited to complete a structured questionnaire. Women with a history of cancer and incomplete questionnaires were excluded. Of the 382 patients invited to participate, 329 (86%) responded with complete feedback. Most respondents were younger than than 50 years (66%) and married with at least 2 children (74%). The majority (94%) of participants had no awareness of uterine cancer and many (46%) were unable to identify common risk factors including obesity, diabetes and hypertension. The ability to identify risk factors was correlated to age, marital status and obesity. The study identifies poor awareness on uterine malignancies in two typical areas of rural Australia. Although external validity is limited by sociological factors, poor awareness of uterine cancer among rural patients in this study represents a valid public health concern. It is imperative to improve awareness of uterine cancer and available screening programs to facilitate early detection and cure.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.103-119
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• 2005

1. Objectives The purpose of this research is to find out the Constitutional characters of Stroke inpatients. 2. Methods Stroke inpatients admitted into KyungHee Oriental Medical Center from January 2000 to April 2004, were divided into 2 group, cerebral infarction 493 inpatients and cerebral hemorrhage 83 inpatients. This research investigated the distribution of Sasasng Constitution, the gender, the age decade, the period of admission, the elapse of the time after onset, the course of admission, the frequency of Sasang Constitutional Herb-medicine, the past history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, the obesity, the prevalence rate of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, EKG abnormality and hyperlipidemia. 3. Results & Conclusions The Sasang Constitutional distribution of cerebral infarction 493 inpatients was 0.4% of Taeyangin, Soyangin 34.1%, Taeurnin 56.4%, Soeumin 9.1%. The Sasang Constitutional distribution of cerebral hemorrhage 83 inpatients was Taeyangin 1.2%, Soyangin 47.9%, Taeurnin 43.4%, Soeumin 9.6%. Stroke incidence rate of Taeumin and Soyangin inpatients was high. Sasang Constitution had significant relations with the prevalence of the obesity and hypertension in cerebral infarction inpatients, the prevalence of obesity, diabetes mellitus and ECG abnormality in cerebral hemorrhage inpatients.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.73-90
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• 2002

Objectives: This study investigated significant factors that influence functional evaluation of stroke so as to be a fundamental data for estimating prognosis of stroke patients. Methods: 204 patients were studied within 7 days of admission, after the diagnosis of stroke through brain CT scan, brain MRI scan and clinical observations. They were hospitalized in the oriental medical hospital of Dongeui University from February to July in 2001. They were examined at the early stage of onset, after 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks, and measured for average mark and the degree of improvement by using the Activity Index. Results: Ischemic stroke, past history of stroke, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, risk factor of obesity, non-professional emergency treatment and hospitalizing time after 1 day from onset, high blood pressure, tachycardia pulse and high blood sugar in abnormal vital sign in acute stage, conscious, cognitive or communication disorder, motor aphasia, dysphagia, constipation for more than 3 days, urinary incontinence, visual field defect, insomnia, and chest discomfort in early stage of onset had a negative influence on functional evaluation. Conclusions: Type of stroke, past history, risk factors, emergency treatment and hospitalizing time after onset, abnormal vital sign and intercurrent symptoms in Acute stage were relevant factors in predicting functional evaluation of stroke.