• 한국안전학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2011

Risk-based railway safety management has been mandatory in Korea as by relevant laws and regulations enacted since the Railway Safety Act 2004. In particular, the Railway Vehicle Safety Guidance came into effect on Jan 1, 2008 specifies the details of methodology for hazard analysis, risk assessment and safety verification and validation. Fundamentals for success of the risk-based safety management are systematic hazard identification and risk assessment by use of reasonable risk assessment criteria, but the principle of risk-based safety management has not been applied in an effective way to introduction and maintenance of railway vehicle systems because definite risk assessment criteria have not been set down for each railway system or railway network. The purpose of this study is to suggest a risk matrix development principle for risk assessment of domestic urban metro vehicles by analyses of relevant rules and railway operating environment of Korea.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 2004년도 KSOT/KEMS Fall Annual Meeting
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• pp.166-166
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• 2004

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.155-170
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• 2023

Purpose: Nowadays, the risk assessment system is widely used in many industrial and public areas to reduce the possible risks. The system is used to determine the priorities of the government quality assurance works in Defense Agency for Technology and Quality. However, as the risk assessment system is used for other purposes, there are some items that need improvement, and in this study, we propose improvement plans by benchmarking the risk assessment systems of other institutions. Methods: In this paper, first, the procedures of risk assessment system used in many industrial sites were reviewed, and how each institution specialized and applied the system. Afterwards, by benchmarking various risk assessment systems, an improvement plan on how to operate the risk assessment system in the case of government quality assurance for centrally procured military supplies was presented, and practical application cases were presented to prove the usefulness of the improvement plan. Results: The proposed risk assessment system differs from the existing system in five major aspects. First, inputs, outputs, and key performance indicators were specified from the systematic point of view. Second, risk analysis was analyzed in four dimensions: probability of occurrence, impact, detection difficulty. Third, risk mitigation measures were classified, control, transfer, and sharing. Fourth, the risk mitigation measures were realized through document verification, product verification, process verification, and quality system evaluation. Finally, risk mitigation measures were implemented and the effectiveness of the risk mitigation measures was evaluated through effectiveness evaluation. Conclusions: In order for the risk assessment procedure proposed in this study to be applied to actual work, it is necessary to obtain the consent of the person involved in the work due to the increased time for risk identification and preparation of the government quality assurance log, and a change in the information system that performs the actual work is required. Therefore, the authors of this study plan to actively perform internal seminar presentations and work improvement suggestions to apply these research outputs to actual work.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.102-102
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• 2003

Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) was known as endocrine disrupter revealing reproductive / developmental toxicity. For a long time, risk due to DEHP released from PVC medical devices was became an issue for patient receiving blood bag, iv injection solution like saline and Hartman's solution. This study was conducted to suggest permissible intake level (PIL) of DEHP based on reproductive toxicity, to quantify daily intake level of DEHP can be exposed to patient through various medical treatment and to estimate risk values of DEHP released from PVC medical devices.(omitted)

• 환경영향평가
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2009

We conducted human risk assessment due to inhalation exposure to heavy metals emitted from incinerator. The process of health impact assessment(HIA) on incinerator is as follows: The first step is to presume and calculate the amount of heavy metals emitted using emission factor. The second step is to conduct an exposure assessment using the K-SCREEN model which is used for predicting the concentration in a conservative method. The last step is to carry out a risk assessment on carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic substances. This study revealed that rank of carcinogenic human risk was $Cr^{+6}$ > As > Ni > Cd, and values of human risk assessment on carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic substances is lower than the US criteria for risk assessment except $Cr^{+6}$. It is expected that the technique of HIA, especially human risk assessment on heavy metals, would be applied to the incinerator construction project. In addition, more systematic studies are needed to overcome some weak points and limits found in this study.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2019

Appropriate strategies are needed to ensure long-term preservation of various types of electronic records. For proper preservation of electronic records, it is necessary of decision-making processes for risk assessment, notification and implementation of conservation measures. To do this, the task of assessing various risk factors that impede the long-term preservation and utilization of electronic records should be done first. In this study, since electronic records are mostly stored in file form, risk assessment for electronic records of file type is performed. The risk factors required for the risk assessment of the file format are derived, and the algorithms are developed to devise a calculation method of the weighting factor and the risk factor index for evaluating the risk based on the proposed risk factors. In addition, the proposed methods are applied to the file formats used in Korea and risk assessment is performed and the results are analyzed.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.441-452
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study quantitative risk grade assessment for objective government quality assurance activities based on risk management in initial mass production for weapon systems. Methods: The Defense quality management regulations and foreign risk assessment documents are referred to analyze problems performing quality assurance actives. The failure rate data, maintainability and cost of products have been studied to quantify the risk Likelihood and impact. The analyzed data were classified as risk grade assessment through K-means Cluster Analysis method. Results: Results show that a proposed method can objectively evaluate risk grade. The analyzed results are clustered into three levels such as high, middle and low. Two products are allocated high, eleven low and seven middle. Conclusion: In this paper, quantitative risk grade assessment methods were presented by analyzing risk ratings based on objective data. The findings showed that the methods would be effective for initial mass production for weapon systems.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제58권5호
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• pp.960-967
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• 2009

Power supply system of electric railway has a diversity of safety problems since it should supply high electric power to the trains moving high speed with a lot of passengers on board. This paper provides a risk assessment approach to safety management of the electric railway facilities. Construction of database from field accident information, risk assessment and management of the risk are carried out systematically to ensure the safety. The risk assessment includes hazard identification, cause analysis by FTA(Fault Tree Analysis), consequence analysis by EVA(Event Tree Analysis), and loss analysis. In terms of the severity and the probability of the accidents deduced by these analyses, the risk of the accidents is assessed by using a risk matrix designed for electric railway facilities. Based on the risk assessment, possible risk mitigation options are identified and evaluated by analyzing their impact on the risk reduction and their cost benefit ratio. The long-term safety of the electric railway facilities can be ensured by renewal of the risk assessment and the risk mitigation option analysis with continuous accident database update. The proposed approach is applied to the electric railway facilities of Korean railway based on the accident data from 2002 to 2008.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.497-507
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• 2011

This research studied human health risk assessment of benzene from industrial complexes of Chungcheong Province (Seosan industrial complex) and Jeonla Province (Iksan industrial complex and Yeosoo industrial complex). The residents near the industrial complexes areas can be often exposed to volatile organic compounds (e.g., benzene, toluene, xylenes) through a number of exposure pathways, including inhalation of the organic pollutant via various environmental matrices (air, water and soil), contaminated water, and soil intake. Benzene is well known to be a common carcinogenic and toxic compound that is produced from industrial and oil refinery complexes. In this study, a number of samples from water, air, and soil were taken from the residential settings and public school zones located near the industrial complex sites. Based on the carcinogenic risk assessment, the risk estimates were slightly above $10{\times}10^{-6}$ at all three industrial sites. According to deterministic risk assessment, inhalation was the most important route. The distribution of benzene in the environment would be dependent on vapor pressure, and the physical property influencing the extent of the potential risks. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment of benzene shows that the values of Hazard Index(HI) were much lower than 1.0 at all industrial complexes. Therefore, benzene was not a cause of concern in terms of non-carcinogenic risk posed to the residents near the sites. When compared to probabilistic risk assessment, the CTE(central tendency exposure) cancer risk values of deterministic risk assessment were close to the mean values predicted by the probabilistic risk assessment. The RME(reasonable maximum exposure) values fell within the range of 95% to 99.9% estimated by the probabilistic risk assessment. Since the values of carcinogenic risk assessment were higher than $10{\times}10^{-6}$, further detailed monitoring and refined risk assessment for benzene may be warranted to estimate more reliable and potential inhalation risks to receptors near the industrial complexes.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.185-202
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• 2000

Uncertainty and variability in Life Cycle Assessment(LCA) have been significant key issues in LCA methodology with techniques in other research area such as social and political science. Variability is understood as stemming from inherent variations in the real world, while uncertainty comes from inaccurate measurements, lack of data, model assumptions, etc. Related articles in this issues were reviewed for classification, distinguish and elaboration of probabilistic/stochastic health risk analysis application in LCA. Concept of focal zone, streamlining technique, scenario modelling and Monte Carlo/Latin Hypercube risk analysis were applied to the uncertainty/variability analysis of health risk in LCA. These results show that this general framework of multi-disciplinary methodology between probabilistic health risk assessment and LCA was of benefit to decision making process by suppling information about input/output data sensitivity, health effect priority and health risk distribution. There should be further research needs for case study using this methodology.