• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.2247-2254
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• 2016

Background: The incidence of breast cancer is rising in Oman, and the disease is diagnosed at late stages, when treatment success is limited. Omani women might benefit from better awareness, so that breast cancer can be detected early and treated. This study was conducted to assess Omani women's levels of breast cancer awareness and early detection practice, and explore factors which might influence these levels. Materials and Methods: A mixed methods study was conducted in 2014, including a quantitative survey of 1,372 and a qualitative assessment of 19 Omani women, aged ${\geq}20years$ from five Omani governorates using convenient sampling. Demographic information and scores for awareness levels were used in a multivariate regression model to investigate factors associated with awareness. Thematic analysis and interpretive description were used to analyse the qualitative data. Results: The overall means for early detection and general awareness scores were 0.58 (SD 0.24) and 0.46 (SD 0.21), respectively. General awareness was significantly associated with age, education, income and familiarity with cancer patients (p<0.05), while early detection was significantly associated with age, marital status and education. A majority of women (59.5%) agreed with a belief in 'evil eye' or envy as a risk factor for breast cancer. Women discussed various factors which may empower or inhibit awareness, including the cultural-religion-fatalistic system, personal-familial-environmental system, and healthcare-political-social system. Conclusions: The overall low scores for awareness and early detection, and the survey of local beliefs highlight a severe necessity for a contextually-tailored breast cancer awareness intervention programme in Oman.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.3097-3100
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• 2015

Projections of cancer cases are particularly useful in developing countries to plan and prioritize both diagnostic and treatment facilities. In the prediction of cancer cases for the future period say after 5 years or after 10 years, it is imperative to use the knowledge of past time trends in incidence rates as well as in population at risk. In most of the recently published studies the duration for which the time trend was assessed was more than 10 years while in few studies the duration was between 5-7 years. This raises the question as to what is the optimum time period which should be used for assessment of time trends and projections. Thus, the present paper explores the suitability of different time periods to predict the future rates so that the valid projections of cancer burden can be done for India. The cancer incidence data of selected cancer sites of Bangalore, Bhopal, Chennai, Delhi and Mumbai PBCR for the period of 1991-2009 was utilized. The three time periods were selected namely 1991-2005; 1996-2005, 1999-2005 to assess the time trends and projections. For the five selected sites, each for males and females and for each registry, the time trend was assessed and the linear regression equation was obtained to give prediction for the years 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009. These predictions were compared with actual incidence data. The time period giving the least error in prediction was adjudged as the best. The result of the current analysis suggested that for projections of cancer cases, the 10 years duration data are most appropriate as compared to 7 year or 15 year incidence data.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.694-698
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• 2020

The consumption of Gwamegi, a semi-dried saury Cololabis saira, and its vegetable sides has increased owing to its availability online. Therefore, this study investigated the microbial contamination levels in Gwamegi and its accompanying vegetable sides bought online by measuring total viable bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and fungi. The total viable bacteria ranged from 3-5 log CFU/g. The fungi in Gwamegi and garlic were 3.4 and 3.9 log CFU/g, respectively. The positive rate of bacterial contamination was 100% (2-3 log CFU/g) in Gwamegi, cabbage Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis, and green chili Capsicum annuum, whereas the contamination positive rate was 80% and 60% (< 2 log CFU/g) in chives Allium ascalonicum L. and garlic A. sativum L., respectively. The positive rates of E. coli were 0%, 20%, 60%, and 40% in Gwamegi, green chili, cabbage, and chives, respectively. The contamination levels of E. coli were 1-2 log CFU/g. S. aureus was detected at < 1 log CFU/g in all raw materials. The data on microbial contamination levels may be used for microbial risk assessment of Gwamegi and vegetables for controlling the level of microbial contamination and securing microbiological safety.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.244-247
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• 2010

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in the absence of predisposing risk factors has been rarely observed in full-term neonates. A 3-day-old neonate, delivered vaginally at term without any perinatal complications or signs of respiratory difficulty, was referred to the Seoul National University Children's Hospital because of reduced heart sound detected during routine neonatal examination. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed air collection in the anterior mediastinum. The baby developed respiratory distress on the fourth day and required supplemental oxygen. On the seventh day, there was no sign of respiratory difficulty, and x-ray examination showed no demonstrable pneumomediastinum. Hence, careful neonatal physical examination is essential during the postnatal assessment of newborns, and spontaneous pneumomediastinum should be considered when a healthy newborn presents with reduced heart sound.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.481-492
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the evidence-based clinical practice guidelines on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV). Methods: The research design was a non-equivalent control group with a non-synchronized design. The participants were the patients undergoing gynecologic laparoscopy. Data were collected from July, 2014 through January, 2015. The participants in the experimental group (n=35) received an assessment of risk factors of PONV, aroma therapy, and P6 acupressure method as recommended in the guidelines. Those in the control group (n=35) received usual nursing care. Data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, t-test, ${\chi}^2$-test using SPSS/WIN 19.0 program. Results: The occurrence of nausea and vomiting, the level of nausea and vomiting, and the need for antiemetic medicine in the experimental group were significantly less than those in the control group after surgery. The levels of postoperative pain and the amounts of time for nursing activities in the experimental group were significantly reduced than those in the control group after surgery. The levels of satisfaction were significantly higher in the experiment group than that of the control group. Conclusion: The evidence-based guidelines is recommended for nursing practice as a guidance for managing PONV and helping the recovery of patients after laparoscopic surgery.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.877-883
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• 2013

Background and Objective: There has been no universally agreed standard chemotherapy regimen for patients with advanced biliary tract carcinomas (BTC). We aimed to fully display and evaluate the clinical evidence for gemcitabine or gemcitabine-cisplatin combination for advanced BTC. Methods: Systematic searches were performed to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and uncontrolled trials. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rates (ORR), tumor control rates (TCR), and toxicity were evaluated. Evidence levels of the results were evaluated with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results: Results of the eleven gemcitabine-cisplatin trials and ten gemcitabine trials showed both chemotherapy regimens had benefits with reference to mean OS (8.63 vs. 8.79 months), mean PFS (4.86 vs. 4.72 months), pooled ORR (25.3% vs. 19.6%) and TCR (55.2% vs. 53.1%). Two RCTs showed the gemcitabine-cisplatin combination to prolong the mean PFS (mean difference [MD] 2.57, 95%CI 1.69 3.45), substantially increasing the mean OS (MD 3.59, 95% CI 3.48 3.71), and producing a similar effect in ORR (risk ratio [RR] 1.59, 95%CI 1.04 2.43), increasing TCR (RR 1.15, 95%CI 1.02 1.31) compared with gemcitabine alone, with generally manageable grade 3 or 4 adverse events. The evidence level of OS was moderate, and other outcomes (ORR, PFS, TCR, anaemia, neutropenia) were at low evidence levels. Conclusion: Available evidence was limited with low quality, which showed that both gemcitabine-cisplatin and gemcitabine alone had clinical activity with acceptable safety profiles, and gemcitabine-cisplatin appeared to be more useful for advanced BTC patients than gemcitabine alone.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.129-142
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• 2011

Traditionally research in Service Oriented Architecture(SOA) security has focused primarily on exploiting standards and solutions separately. There exists no unified methodology for SOA security to manage risks at the enterprise level. It needs to analyze preliminarily security threats and to manage enterprise risks by identifying vulnerabilities of SOA. In this paper, we propose a metric-based vulnerability assessment method using dynamic properties of services in SOA. The method is to assess vulnerability at the architecture level as well as the service level by measuring run-time dependency between services. The run-time dependency between services is an important characteristic to understand which services are affected by a vulnerable service. All services which directly or indirectly depend on the vulnerable service are exposed to the risk. Thus run-time dependency is a good indicator of vulnerability of SOA.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 1995

The organ or tissue doses were determined with head and neck phantom measurement for multiple axial scans (36 slices), multiple coronal scans (13 slices), 3 types of single axial scans(orbit, maxillary sinus and mandibular canal) and single coronal scan (maxillary sinus). For each scan sequence 30 TLDs were placed in selected sites(16 internal sites and 14 external sites) in a tissue-equivalent phantom. The exposure was made at 120kVp, 500mAs with 5 mm slice width. The results were as follows : 1. In multiple axial scans, the greatest effective dose recorded was that delivered to the thyroid glands(2.77 mSv) and the least was that received by the skin(0.05 mSv). From these data, stochastic effects were 202.2x10/sup -6/ and 3.7×10/sup -6/, respectively. 2. In multiple coronal scans, the greatest effective dose recorded was that delivered to the salivary glands(0.58 mSv) and the least was that received by the skin(0.01 mSv). From these data, stochastic effects were 42.2×10/sup -6/ and 0.7×10/sup -6/, repectively. 3. Among single axial scans, the greatest effective dose recorded was that delivered to the salivary gland(0.38 mSv) in maxillary sinus scan. From this data, stochastic effect was 27.7×10/sup -6/. 4. In single coronal scan, the greatest effective dose recorded was that delivered to the salivary gland(0.01 mSv). From this data, stochastic effect was 1.0×10/sup -6/. 5. The equivalent dose measured that delivered to the lens of the eyes was 69.64 mSv in multiple axial scan, 39.32 mSv in multiple coronal scan and 36.77 mSv in single axial scan(orbit).

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.253-259
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• 2014

Traffic risks in fairway and harbour area increase lately according to be a sharpe change of ship's size and speed. It becomes hot issue to design a fairway, which's width is important to lower traffic risk and ensure navigational safety. The current design making a fairway and width do not focus on maneuvering motion of a large ship, but traffic risks are clear on reflecting the design of fairway, specially on width. To contact with these problems, this research proposes how to determine fairway' width in consideration of traffic volume. it suggests several situations of marine traffic congestion as like narrow channel and harbour area. here uses 162 simulations in MTS Ver.1 developed. Acquired simulation's results, environmental stress dates, figure in a model that relates with required fairway' width and allowable traffic volume. In added, suggested model compares current design with an width.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.338-343
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• 2013

Serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) are widely used in the clinical diagnosis of hepatic diseases and the assessment of liver status. They also have epidemiological significance to be prospective risk factors for bone diseases, such as osteitis deformans, rickets, osteomalacia, hyperparathyroidism, healing fractures, and osteoblastic bone tumors. In the previous study, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in several genes have been reported to be associated with serum levels of liver enzyme in American population. We aimed to confirm whether the genetic variation of RETNLB (resistin like beta) gene also influence the serum levels of liver enzyme in Korean population. We genotyped variants in or near RETNLB in a population-based sample including 994 Korean adults. Here, we performed association analysis to elucidate the possible relations of genetic polymorphisms in RETNLB gene with serum levels of liver enzyme. By examining genotype data of a total of 944 subjects in 5 hospital health promotion centers, we discovered the RETNLB gene polymorphisms are associated with serum levels of ALP. The common and highest significant polymorphism was rs736327 (${\beta}$=8.66, P=2.37E-05), rs7639070 (${\beta}$=8.56, P=3.24E-05) with ALP in all groups. Furthermore, the ALP was consistently associated with rs736327 (${\beta}$=10.40, P=5.23E-05), rs7639070 (${\beta}$=10.32, P=6.74E-05) in the male population. Consequently, we found statistically significant SNPs in RETNLB gene that are associated with serum levels of ALP. In addition, these results suggest that the individuals with the minor alleles of the SNP in the RETNLB gene may have elevated serum levels of ALP in the Korean population.