• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.334-340
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• 2009

In other to know the feeding preference over the degree of ripeness and size of fruits in birds, we gave them to three bird species in breeding condition, counted and analyzed the number of fruits by correspondence ordination technique. Chrysolophus pictus did not show a distinct preference in respect to degree of maturity or size of fruits of among three tree species. Columba rupestris preferred un-ripen fruits over ripen ones of Prunus yedoensis or Elaeagnus multiflora, but did not choose selectively in case of fruits of Malus sieboldii. Pavo muticus showed the reverse favorable pattern of Columba rupestris. Total feeding amounts eaten by birds were dependent on the initial feeding amounts of fruits. These results indicated that in feeding activity some birds chose differently in terms of species or maturity of fruits, but not in fruit size.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.50-57
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• 1985

An attempt was made to determine the optimum levels of sewage sludge application for seogwangbyeo in the farmer's field. 1. Optimum amount of sewage slude application was 338kg/11a at the fertilizer (N-P-K) level of 15-10-10kg/10a, 430kg/10a at that of 7.5-10-10kg/10a and 544kg/10a at no fertilizer. 2. Number of tillers during all growing period were increased with amounts of sewage sludge and/or chemical fertilizers. 3. Panicles per hill was increased but percent ripeness was decreased with the application of increasing level of sewage sludge and/or chemical fertilizer. In particular, the decrease of ripeness among yield-related components sotood out as an important one to be solved for higher yield. 3. Panicles per hill was increased but percent ripeness was decreased with the application of increasing level of sewage sludge and/or chemical fertilizer. In particular, the decrease of ripeness among yield-related components stood out as an important one to be solved for higher yield. 4. Ripeness was remarkably decreased in high nitrogen content of soil and rice plant under heavy amounts of sewage sludge and/or chemical fertilizer. 5. Ripeness that had direct effect on yield showed significantly possitive correlation with the content of $SiO_2$ and $SiO_2/N$ in rice plant from 25 days after transolanting to harvesting stage. 6. Maximumutillzation of nitrogen and its production efficiency of absorbed nitrogen in sewage sludge were 16.6% and 31.9kg (Yield/kg, N) at the level 15-10-10kg/10a as fertilizer with amounts of sewage sludge application, and 19.0% and 31.8kg (yield/kg, N) at sewage sludge application without fertilizer.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.189-194
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• 1983

The experiment was carried out to know the ripeness effect of Gemgang when ABA and BA were sprayed at the heading stage. ABA promoted the stomatal movement, BA kept plant from senescence. Percent of filled grain, grain weight, photosynthesis, content of chlorophyll, transpiration and content of ATP were measured at 1-week interval from 2-weeks after heading.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2003.02a
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• pp.496-501
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• 2003

국내에서 멜론(Cucumis melo L.) 재배는 주로 온실이나 하우스 같은 시설에서 재배되고 있어 연중 생산되며, 생산량은 1991년에 4,414톤에서 1998년에는 13,232톤으로 꾸준히 증가 추세를 보이고 있다. 멜론은 착과(교배) 후 15-21일 경부터 네트가 형성되기 시작하여 30일경이 되면 네트 형성이 완료된다. 이때부터 수확시기인 착과 후 55일 경까지 멜론 숙도의 지표인 과육의 경도와 당도의 변화를 관찰하면서 당도가 충분히 오르고 과육이 어느 정도 물러졌을 때 수확해야만 후숙 후에도 먹기 좋은 상태가 된다. (중략)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.108-112
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• 1984

Quality characteristics of fruits and vegetables were investigated by physical, chemical and sensory evaluations. Firmness of tomato fruits tended to be reduced as their maturity or ripeness stage progressed. Sensory evaluation revealed that raw tomatoes were the most acceptable at pink or light red stage. Specific gravity was highly correlated with mealiness. Emphasis was placed on the basic study forming the foundation of national quality standards of raw fruits and vegetables.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the microbial loads in mulberry fruits depending on cultivation environment and fruit ripeness. The population levels of total aerobic bacteria in mulberry fruits collected from open field orchards were higher than those from three plots protected within plastic green houses. In regards to fruit ripeness, the levels of total aerobic bacteria in ripe black fruits were higher than those in unripe green and red mulberry. From the farms into where livestock animals were allowed to enter, Escherichia coli was detected in soil at a level of 4.26~4.94 log CFU/g and in mulberry fruits at 5.03~6.07 log CFU/g, while no coliform and E. coli were detected from where the intrusion of livestock was prevented. We also examined the density change of inoculated E. coli in mulberry fruits as they were becoming mature. While E. coli did not increase in green fruits, two and four log CFU/g increases at $20^{\circ}C$ and $37^{\circ}C$, respectively, were observed with red and fully mature black mulberries during 48 hours incubation. To ensure the food safety of mulberry, it is suggested that the introduction of E. coli into a farm through livestock should be prevented and more hygienic caution should be taken especially when the fruits are ripe.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.20-24
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• 1981

This experiment was carried out to determine the relationships between maturity and content of the chemical components in flue-cured tobacco. The results were as follows : 1) Among the chemical components, the contents of total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total alkaloids, nicotine, total volatile base, petroleum-ether extract, crude fiber, crude ash, water soluble ash, and chlorine decreased significantly, and those of total sugar, reducing sugar, and starch increased as leaf maturity progressed until the stage of ripeness, but, afterwards, a reverse tendency appeared. 2) There was a significant relationship between maturity and the contents of chemical components, such as total nitrogen, protein nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total volatile base, and the correlation coefficients of them were -0.743, -0.789, -0.797, and -0.642, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1996.06c
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• pp.528-538
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• 1996

A magent console is critical element since its homogeneity is essential to the performance of a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based sensor. Geometry and properties of magnet materials determine the magnetic flux density and homogeneity of the console. This study is carried out to develop a design scheme of the magnet console using ANSYS to reduce the design error of the magnet console compared . To enhance the performance of the magnet console, corner steel was proposed and validated by simulation and manufactured one. The corner steel increased the magnetic flux density (B) by about 1% and enhanced homogeneity by approximately 3 times. There was about 3% difference between simulated and measured B values.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 1997

Finding of internal quality is crucial for getting under control quality of watermelon after harvest. A maturity sensing device of watermelon using repulsion characteristics was developed and evaluated. In this study, five different sensing probes were used to detect the physical changes after impact on watermelons. Total 15 watermelons were tested and evaluated into two classes: ripe and unripe. It was difficult to detect the overripe watermelons using the proposed sensor. Therefore, the results showed that the developed sensor could be used to separate unripe watermelons after harvest. The results from this study are summarized as follows. 1. It was successful to distinguish between the ripe and unripe watermelon by sensing the elastic characteristics on impact. 2. The hemisphere was best for the shape of sensing part because the hemisphere concentrate stress in impact part. 3. Among the five type developed sensor, the 1, 2, 3. 5-type sensor showed good character in distinguishing between ripe and unripe watermelon.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.287-298
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• 1995

This study was undertaken to examine the effect of salting in 10% salt solution added 2% calcium chloride on the kimchi fermentation. The addition of calcium chloride extended edible periods of the Kimchi to 4~5 days and increased relatively the hardness of Chinese Cabbage. In the addition of calcium chloride, the activities of amylase and $\beta$ -galactosidase were not high during all periods fermentation. Polygalacturonase and protease activities were low 2~21%, 2~26% all periods fermentation, respectively. There were significant correlations between the delay of ripeness and decreasing enzyme activation. The amount of free amino acid by the treatment with calcium chloride was decreased of 10~16% at the late of fermentation than that of control. the treatment with calcium chloride of the Kimchi was increased hardness, but decreased cohesiveness and gumminess was during all periods fermentation. the adhesiveness was increased at the early of fermentation but decreased at the late of fermentation.