• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.211-217
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• 2005

This study obtained the following conclusions by analyzing whether or not thyroid nodule, the number of nodules depending on age and gender, and the developed site of nodule, targeting 838 persons in their 30s-70s who were conducted the thyroid ultrasonography, without clinical symptoms, at the Health Promotion Center. 1. As for the general characteristics of 838 research subjects, men were 368 persons(44%), and women were 470 persons (56%), and the mean age was 51. 2. Among 838 whole subjects, a case, which was diagnosed to be normal, was 590 persons(70%), and persons with nodules findings were 248 persons (30%), thus it was indicated 30% on an average in having the thyroid nodules findings. 3. As for the frequency by age level in thyroid nodule, it was represented men with 10%-14% and women with $20{\sim}29%$ in their $30{\sim}40s$, and men with $27{\sim}33%$ and women with 37-52% in their 50-60s, and men with 46% and women with 50% in their 70s. 4. As a result of obtaining 248 persons, who have thyroid nodules findings, with the solitary nodule and the multiple nodule, it was indicated the solitary nodule of 50.5% with 125 persons and the multiple nodule of 49.5%, thereby representing the almost same ratio. 5. As for the size of thyroid nodule, the majority in all the age levels had the nodule in small size, and the size of $1{\sim}10\;mm$ was largest with 187 persons (75%) among 248 persons with abnormal findings, and it was 45 persons (18%) in $11{\sim}20\;mm$, 14 persons (5.6%) in $21{\sim}30\;mm$, and 2 persons in more than 31 mm. 6. As for the anatomically developed site in nodule, it was indicated the right lobe with 93 persons (38%), the left lobe with 67 persons (27%), both lobes with 75 persons (30%), and isthmus with 13 persons (5.3%), thereby representing the largest frequency in the right lobe, and it was discovered less in isthmus.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.312-323
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• 2003

This writer absolutely agrees with the government that regional disequilibrium is severe enough to consider moving the administrative capital. Pursuing this course solely to establish a balanced development, however, is not a convincing enough reason. The capital city is directly related to not only the social and economic situation but, much more importantly, to the domestic political situation as well. In the mid-1970s, the proposal by the Third Republic to move the capital city temporarily was based completely on security reasons. At e time, the then opposition leader Kim, Dae-jung said that establishing a safe distance from the demilitarized zone(DMZ) reflected a typically military decision. His view was that retaining the capital city close to the DMZ would show more consideration for the will of the people to defend their own country. In fact, independent Pakistan moved its capital city from Karachi to Islamabad, situated dose to Kashmir the subject of hot territorial dispute with India. It is regrettable that no consideration has been given to the urgent political situation in the Korean peninsula, which is presently enveloped in a dense nuclear fog. As a person requires health to pursue his/her dream, a country must have security to implement a balanced territorial development. According to current urban theories, the fate of a country depends on its major cities. A negligently guarded capital city runs the risk of becoming hostage and bringing ruin to the whole country. In this vein, North Koreas undoubted main target of attack in the armed communist reunification of Korea is Seoul. For the preservation of our state, therefore, it is only right that Seoul must be shielded to prevent becoming hostage to North Korea. The location of the US Armed Forces to the north of the capital city is based on the judgment that defense of Seoul is of absolute importance. At the same time, regardless of their different standpoints, South and North Korea agree that division of the Korean people into two separate countries is abnormal. Reunification, which so far has defied all predictions, may be realized earlier than anyone expects. The day of reunification seems to be the best day for the relocation of the capital city. Building a proper capital city would take at least twenty years, and a capital city cannot be dragged from one place to another. On the day of a free and democratic reunification, a national agreement will be reached naturally to find a nationally symbolic city as in Brazil or Australia. Even if security does not pose a problem, the governments way of thinking would not greatly contribute to the balanced development of the country. The Chungcheon region, which is earmarked as the new location of the capital city, has been the greatest beneficiary of its proximity to the capital region. Not being a disadvantaged region, locating the capital city there would not help alleviate regional disparity. If it is absolutely necessary to find a candidate region at present, considering security, balanced regional development and post-reunification scenario of the future, Cheolwon area located in the middle of the Korean peninsula may be a plausible choice. Even if the transfer of capital is delayed in consideration of the present political conflict between the South and the North Koreas, there is a definite shortcut to realizing a balanced regional development. It can be found not in the geographical dispersal of the central government, but in the decentralization of power to the provinces. If the government has surplus money to build a new symbolic capital city, it is only right that it should improve, for instance, the quality of drinking water which now everyone eschews, and to help the regional subway authority whose chronic deficit state resoled in a recent disastrous accident. And it is proper to time the transfer of capital city to coincide with that of the reunification of Korea whenever Providence intends.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.97-110
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop milk education materials for adults based on the scientific basis of right milk consumption in the format of card news that can be easily accessed on a mobile phone or the internet and has high impact. The topics to be included in the card news were selected based on the findings from literature analysis and focus group interviews with 10 adults(32.0±6.4 years). For the eight selected topics, effective communication was made by suggesting some information that users want to know while reflecting adult eating habits, lifestyle habits, and nutrition and health interests. The card news draft was reviewed by researcher and consulting experts, and then questionnaire survey was conducted using Likert 5-point scales by 50 adults(42.7±10.2 years). Based on the results of the review, consultation and questionnaire survey, a final draft of the card news consisting of 11 cuts was completed. Card news proposal is expected to produce educational effects, since the respondents showed high satisfaction with the card news (higher than 4 on the 5-point scales) according to the questionnaire survey. Adults can easily access and use the card news developed in this study, and thus this card news is expected to increase milk consumption in adulthood and improve nutrition and health through friendly and systematic milk education.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.109-126
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• 2003

This study was designed 10 investigate the effects of therapeutic gymnastic ball exercise on pain, flexibility, lumbar disability level and daily activity levels in male patients of the armed forces medical hospital who complain of chronic low back pain. Twenty-three males were placed in the experimental group and twenty-nine males were placed in the control group. All of the subjects were chosen on the basis of availability among in-patients who were diagnosed with low back pain. The control patients were matched to the experimental group and they were selected considering gender, pain duration and age. Gymnastic ball exercise therapy was developed by the author with the assistance of a rehabilitation specialist. Gymnastic ball exercise therapy includes muscle relaxation, flexibility, muscle strength and posture development exercises. The gymnastic ball exercise therapy was carried out by the experimental group three times a week for eight weeks. Before and after the experiments, the intensity of pain, the lumbar joint mobility (flexibility), the lumbar disability levels, and the daily activity levels of the subjects were measured, respectively. The intensity of pain and the lumbar disability levels were measured by the Visual Analogue Scale, the level of flexibility by a measurement ruler, and the level of disability by the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Scale. Data were analysed using a t-test, a paired t-test and an unpaired t-test. The results were as follows: 1. The intensity of pain in the lumbar spine in the experimental group was significantly decreased compared with that of the control group during the 4th week and 8th week. 2. The flexibility of the lumbar spine in the experimental group was significantly increased compared with that of the control group during the 4th week and 8 week. 3. The level of pain caused by anterior, posterior, left lateral and right lateral bending and by rotation in experimental group was significantly decreased compared with that of the control group. 4. The Oswestry Disability score of the experimental group was significantly increased compared with that of control group. These findings indicate that gymnastic ball exercise therapy could be effective in decreasing pain and lumbar disability, and increasing the daily activity levels and lumbar flexibility in patients with chronic low back pain. The study also suggests that gymnastic ball exercise therapy could be an essential factor for effective nursing intervention for patients suffering from chronic low back pain.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.241-246
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• 2005

The aim of the study was performed the wave analysis of P-VEP on the development of visual function using Netspeg lens in monocular of refraction error subjects. The P-VEP of three channels were recorded by the Bausch Lomb system. Ten adults (five males, five females, mean=22 years, range=19 to 23) subjects were recorded. The subjects were researched the history including the systemic health, medication, genetics, allergy, ocular disease, and so on. Visual acuity and refraction test were performed for each subject with mono vision by using the Netspeg lens. Also subjects viewed the P-VEP stimulus with mono vision through the corrected visual acuity with Netspeg lens during VEP test. The results of study suggest that the mono vision using Netspeg lens is better than with non-Netspeg lens on the visual acuity and image symptom. On the other hand, the analysis of P-VEP suggest that the amplitude of wave is larger when the eye using Netspeg lens receives the P-VEP stimulus compared with the non Netspeg lens. Also, on the wave style of P-VEP, the eye of Netspeg lens was more stable compared with the naked eye. However, on latency period of P-VEP, the eye of non Netspeg lens was more longer than the eye of Netspeg lens. But, on the other hand, the right and left eye have similar results. In conclusion, this study indicated that the visual acuity and visual function of eye of Netspeg lens used have a better than the eye of non-Netspeg lens in Mono Vision.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.830-838
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• 2020

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of radiation mutant Perilla frutescens var. crispa on bone metabolism and the inflammatory response in a monosodium iodoacetateinduced rat model of osteoarthritis. radiation mutant Perilla frutescens var. crispa was administered orally at doses of 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks before direct injection of monosodium iodoacetate (3 mg/50 μl of 0.9% saline) into the intra-articular space of the rats' right knees. The rats subsequently received the same doses of oral radiation mutant Perilla frutescens var. crispa for another 4 weeks. It was evaluated that the treatment effects based on serum biomarkers, and morphological and histopathological analysis of the knee joints. Compared with those in control rats, the radiation mutant Perilla frutescens var. crispa treatments significantly reduced the serum levels of inflammation, bone metabolism markers (i.e., COX-2, LTB4, MMP-3, and COMP), and the amount of fibrous tissue. Otherwise, it was significantly increased the concentration of TIMP-1 and calcitonin. In addition, the radiation mutant Perilla frutescens var. crispa treatments effectively preserved the knee cartilage and synovial membrane. As a result, it indicates that radiation mutant Perilla frutescens var. crispa prevented and alleviated osteoarthritis symptoms. Thus, radiation mutant Perilla frutescens var. crispa can be used in food and drug material for the management of osteoarthritis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.1199-1208
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• 2018

Osteoarthritis is a disease that affects the articular cartilage and osseous tissue, and can be worsened by aging, overweight status, and post-traumatic arthritis. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of ID-CBT5101 (tyndallized Clostridium butyricum) on bone metabolism and the inflammatory response in a monosodium iodoacetate-induced rat model of osteoarthritis. ID-CBT5101 was administered orally at doses of $10^8$ or $10^{10}CFU/day$ for 2 weeks before direct injection of monosodium iodoacetate ($3mg/50{\mu}l$ of 0.9% saline) into the intra-articular space of the rats' right knees. The rats subsequently received the same doses of oral ID-CBT5101 for another 4 weeks. We evaluated the treatment effects based on serum biomarkers, mRNA expression, morphological and histopathological analyses of the knee joints, and weight-bearing distribution analysis. Compared with those in control rats, the ID-CBT5101 treatments significantly reduced the serum concentration of inflammation and bone metabolism markers (i.e., COX-2, IL-6, $LTB_4$, and COMP), and significantly increased the concentration of $IFN-{\gamma}$ and glycosaminoglycans. In addition, the ID-CBT5101 treatments inhibited the mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (i.e., MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2). Furthermore, the ID-CBT5101 treatments effectively preserved the knee cartilage and synovial membrane, and significantly decreased the amount of fibrous tissue. Moreover, compared with that of the negative control group, the ID-CBT5101 treatments increased the weight-bearing distribution by ${\geq}20%$. The results indicate that ID-CBT5101 prevented and alleviated osteoarthritis symptoms. Thus, ID-CBT5101 may be a novel therapeutic option for the management of osteoarthritis.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.329-336
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of low-dose CT (LDCT) for emphysema compared with high-resolution CT (HRCT). Measurements of radiation dose and noise were repeated 3 times in same exposure condition which was similar with obtaining HRCT and LDCT images. We analysed reading results of 146 subjects. Six images per participants selected for emphysema grading. Emphysema was graded for all 6 zones on the left and right sides of the lungs by the consensus reading of two chest radiologists using a 4-point scale. Between the HRCT and LDCT images, diagnostic differences and agreements for emphysema were analyzed by McNemar's and unweighted kappa tests, and radiation doses and noise by a Mann-Whitney U-test, using the SPSS 19.0 program. Radiation dose from HRCT was significantly higher than that of LDCT, but the noise was significantly lower in HRCT than in LDCT. Diagnostic agreement for emphysema between HRCT and LDCT images was excellent (k-value=0.88). Emphysema grading scores were not significantly different between HRCT and LDCT images for all six lung zones. Emphysema grading scores from LDCT images were significantly correlated with increased scores on HRCT images (r=0.599, p < 0.001). Considering the tradeoff between radiation dose and image noise, LDCT could be used as the gold standard method instead of HRCT for emphysema detection and grading.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.407-416
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the comparison of growth development, bone mineral density and nutrient intakes between double income families' preschool children(DIFPC) and full-time housewives' preschool children(FHPC). Subjects were 111 preschool children. Anthropometric characteristics and bone mineral density in right forearm were measured. The questionnaire was composed of health status, life style, dietary behaviors, and dietary intakes and was completed by the children's mothers. The average age of the DIFPC(n=60) was 53.02 months and that of the FHPC(n=51) was 54.80 months. The birth height and weight of the subjects were 50.47㎝ and 3.27㎏ for DIFPC and 50.85㎝ and 3.36㎏ for FHPC, respectively. The average height, weight, % body fat, and obesity index were 108.50㎝, 18.35㎏, 15.35%, 96.71% in DIFPC and 111.46㎝, 19.64㎏, 16.80%, 97.31% in FHPC, respectively. The bone mineral density in forearm of two groups were 0.24g/㎠ in all. The infant feeding method was significantly different between DIFPC and FHPC; 58.9% of DIFPC was fed formula, while 44.4% of FHPC was fed breast milk(p<0.05). Proportions of children for their regular meal were 59.4%, 89.6%, and 61.0% for breakfast, lunch, and dinner, respectively. The major reasons for irregular meal were lack of time and poor appetite for breakfast and snacks for lunch and dinner. Most of the children answered they have snack over once a day, and 60.0% have unbalanced diet. The intakes of energy, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin B1, niacin, and vitamin C did not meet the Korean RDAs. The intakes of K and vitamin A for DIFPC were significantly higher than those of FHPC(p<0.05, p<0.05). In conclusion, double income families' preschool children more have a low frequency of breast feeding and low intakes of micro nutrients, such as K and vitamin A than full-time housewives' ones.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.403-410
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• 2012

Purpose: The purposes of this study are to investigate accommodative response among emmetropes, spectacle wearer and contact lens wearer, and correlation between refractive error and accommodative respons for each group. Methods: The 72 subjects(144 eyes) who do not have any ocular diseases were participate in this study. Subjects were categorized into emmetropes, spectacle wearer and contact lens wearer by refractive error using closed-field auto-refractometer. We measured dominant eye, naked/habitual visual acuity and refractive error of monocular/binocular vision of refractive error for far/near distance with open-field auto-refractometer and calculated accommodative lag. Results: There were no significant difference of accommodative lag between right and left eye dominant and non-dominant eye, monocular and binocular vision, and spectacle lens wearer and contact lens wearer, However the accommodative lag of binocular vision was severe than monocular vision at near. The lag of myopia was larger than emmetropes, and male was larger than female. Significant correlation was found between refractive error and accommodative lag in total subjects and the same result was found in emmetropes and contact lens wearer. However there were no significant correlation in the spectacle wearer. Conclusions: There were significant difference between emmetrops and myopes in terms of accommodative lag, however accommodative lag of spectacle wearer was not different with contact lens wearer in myopes. There were also significant correlation between refractive error and accommodative lag in emmetropes and contact lens wearer, but the accommodative lag of spectacle wearer was not significantly correlated with refractive error.