• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.815-822
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• 1995

The toxicokinetics of rifapentine was studied after an oral administration to beagle dogs. High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) using column-switching technique was performed to determine the serum concentrations of rifapentine. The pharmacokinetic profiles of rifapentine were analysed using one-compartment open model. Following a single oral administration of 10mg/kg, pharmacokinetic parameters were determined as follows: maximum serum concentration($C_{max}$), $28.90{\mu}g/ml$; maximum concentration time($T_{max}$), 3.7hr; elimination half-life($t_{1/2}$, 4.7hr; area under the curve(AUC), $339.0{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/ml$; volume of disiribution/bioavailability (Vd/F), 0.21 l/kg; lag time, 24min; absorption rate constant($k_a$), $0.445hr^{-1}$; elimination rate constant($k_{el}$), $0.148hr^{-1}$. After 6 month multiple oral doses of 10mg/kg/day, parameters were as follows: $C_{max}$, $34.40{\mu}g/ml$; $T_{max}$, 2.6hr; $t_{1/2}$, 6.7hr; AUC, $391.3{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/ml$; Vd/F, 0.291/kg; $k_a$, $0.976hr^{-1}$; $k_{el}$, $0.104hr^{-1}$. The consistant kinetic parameters after a single and multiple oral administration show that there was no accumulation of rifapentine after 6 month oral administration. We also simulated the concentration of rifapentine after oral multiple administration of 10 and 50mg/kg/ day, based on the parameters obtained form the single administration. The measured serum concentrations of rifapentine were well fitted to the simulated results. The simulated results show that rifapentine readily reaches to steady-state after about 3 doses and the steady-state serum concentrations($C_{ss}$) are fluctuated in between $2.2{\sim}25.2{\mu}g/ml$, and $10.6{\sim}125.2{\mu}g/ml$ at the doses of 10 and 50mg/kg/day, respectively.

• 보건세계
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• v.44 no.8 s.492
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• pp.4-6
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• 1997

근래 조형균(Mycobacterium avium complex : MAC)에 의한 항산균증과 일부 약제내성 결핵의 치료제로 알려지고 있는 리파부틴(rifabutin, RBT), 간헐치료제로써 연구가 되고있는 리파펜틴(rifapentine, RPT)에 대하여, 결핵환자와 치료 처방을 결정하는 의사들의 정확한 이해를 돕기 위해 이 약제들에 대한 간단한 소개를 하고자 한다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.78 no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 2015

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem, and the incidence of TB cases has not significantly decreased over the past decade in Korea. The standard short course regimen is highly effective against TB, but requires multiple TB-specific drugs and a long treatment duration. Recent studies using late-generation fluoroquinolones and/or high-dose rifapentine-containing regimens to shorten the duration of TB treatment showed negative results. Extending the treatment duration may be considered in patients with cavitation on the initial chest radiograph and positivity in sputum culture at 2 months of treatment for preventing TB relapse. Current evidence does not support the use of fixed-dose combinations compared to separate drugs for the purpose of improving treatment outcomes. All patients receiving TB treatment should be monitored regularly for response to therapy, facilitation of treatment completion, and management of adverse drug reactions. Mild adverse effects can be managed with symptomatic therapy and changing the timing of the drug administration, but severe adverse effects require a discontinuation of the offending drugs.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.177-180
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of Line Probe Assay (LiPA) in detecting the rpoB gene mutation of clinically isolated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and to compare the level of resistance to the various rifamycins with their mutation sites. The mutation in the rpoB gene was found in 84 (97.6%) out of 86 rifampicin (RMP) resistant strains as determined by LiPA. No mutation was observed in 2 RMP resistant strains and in any of 38 RMP susceptible strains tested. Only one of 3 strains with .DELTA.5/R5, one of 2 strains with .DELTA.3, and one of 3 strains with .DELTA.2/R2 LiPA profile showed a slightly lower level of resistance to the rifapentine than the other strains. Although we could not find correlations between mutation sites in the rpoB gene and the level of susceptibility to the various rifamycins, the LiPA is recommended as a fast screening tool for detection of RMP resistant MTB.

• The Korean Journal of Medicine
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• v.93 no.6
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• pp.509-517
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• 2018

A small number of viable tuberculosis bacilli can reside in an individual with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) without obvious clinical symptoms or abnormal chest radiographs. Diagnosis and treatment of LTBI are important for tuberculosis (TB) control in public and private healthcare facilities, particularly in high-risk populations. The updated 2017 Korean guidelines for TB recommend that tuberculin skin tests, interferon-gamma release assays, or a combination of them can be used for the diagnosis of LTBI, depending on the age and immune status of the patient as well as their TB contact history. For diagnosis of LTBI, exclusion of active TB is essential, and the possibility of healed TB in those without a history of treatment for TB but at risk of its development must be considered. The treatment options for LTBI include isoniazid, rifampicin, isoniazid/rifampicin, and isoniazid/rifapentine. The benefits and risks of these agents based on the age of the patient and their hepatotoxicity must be considered when selecting the appropriate drug. Standardized diagnosis and treatment of LTBI based on the updated 2017 guidelines will contribute to the control of TB in Korea as well as to further revisions of the guidelines.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.81 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 2018

The role of the treatment for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) has been underscored in the intermediate tuberculosis (TB) burden countries like South Korea. LTBI treatment is recommended only for patients at risk for progression to active TB-those with frequent exposure to active TB cases, and those with clinical risk factors (e.g., immunocompromised patients). Recently revised National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline recommended that close contacts of individuals with active pulmonary or laryngeal TB, aged between 18 and 65 years, should undergo LTBI treatment. Various regimens for LTBI treatment were recommended in NICE, World Health Organization (WHO), and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines, and superiority of one recommended regimen over another was not yet established. Traditional 6 to 9 months of isoniazid (6H or 9H) regimen has an advantage of the most abundant evidence for clinical efficacy-60%-90% of estimated protective effect. However, 6H or 9H regimen is related with hepatotoxicity and low compliance. Four months of rifampin regimen is characterized by less hepatotoxicity and better compliance than 9H, but has few evidence of clinical efficacy. Three months of isoniazid plus rifampin was proved equivalence with 6H or 9H regimen in terms of efficacy and safety, which was recommended in NICE and WHO guidelines. The clinical efficacy of isoniazid plus rifapentine once-weekly regimen for 3 months was demonstrated recently, which is not yet introduced into South Korea.