• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권12호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2021

Globalization is an economic process responsible for the increase of interdependence of world economies. It enhances the mobility of national resources internationally via the integration of markets, trade and investments with minimal barriers to slow the flow of products and services. Although globalization has some positive impacts on the economy, it is said to be a factor in the decline of income inequality of the participating countries. However, the results of previous studies on the relationship between globalization and income inequality are inconclusive. This suggests that there are other factors influencing the relationship between the two variables. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of intelligence (IQ) in the globalization-income inequality relationship. This study employs the threshold regression technique and cross-nation observations from 117 sample nations for the period 1980-2016. The results show that the impact of globalization on income inequality in a nation relies on its IQ level. The results imply that economic globalization has a negative impact on income inequality in nations with lower IQ levels. It widens the gap between the poor and rich. While in nations with higher IQ levels, it seems to not have any significant impact on income distribution.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.635-641
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• 2021

This article analyzes the factors affecting income inequality in Vietnam, with data from 63 provinces and cities collected from the Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey of the General Statistics Office of Vietnam from 2010 to 2018. The article will firstly build a research model to identify factors affecting income inequality. Then, it uses the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) method to evaluate the effect of factors on income inequality in Vietnam. The empirical estimate result shows that, in the period from 2010 to 2018, the factors such as the proportion of the working employees, income per capita, and inflation have positive effects on the Gini coefficient. That is, when these factors increase, there will be negative effects on improving income inequality in Vietnam. Conversely, when the factors such as the proportion of the literate adults, the proportion of the urban population, and population density increase they will have a positive impact on improving income inequality in Vietnam during this period. The estimated coefficients satisfied the sign expectation except the proportion of the literate adults. It means that, in Vietnam, the increase and more equilibrium in educational attainment balance the distribution of income and bring an improvement in income inequality.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제50호
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• pp.211-232
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• 2013

가의는 서한 초기의 만연한 빈부격차의 심화와 음란하고 사치스러운 풍속이 유행하는 사회적 풍조와 농업생산 인구가 감소하는 한편 생산 활동에 종사할 수 없는 인구가 증가하고 있는 상황에 직면하여 심각한 문제의식을 갖게 된다. 가의가 갖게 되는 문제의식은 바로 서한 사회의 사회경제적 질서의 붕괴와 도덕적 타락에 대한 염려와 국가재정 고갈의 위험성에 대한 것들이었다. 가의는 서한 초기 사회가 직면한 사회적 경제적 폐해현상에 대한 반성에서부터 착수하여 자신의 경제정책에 대한 청사진을 제시한다. 즉 가의의 경제사상은 한나라 초기의 무위자연의 방임주의적인 경제정책의 폐해를 개선시키기 위해서 제기된 것으로 중농억상 정책을 구체적인 개혁의 청사진으로 제시하는 한편 화폐제도에 대해서도 구체적인 개혁의 시나리오를 제시한다. 이러한 두 가지의 개혁방안은 가의의 경제사상에 있어서 이론적 근간이 되는 것이라고 말할 수 있는 것이다. 이러한 가의의 경제정책 청사진에 대하여 본문에서는 중농억상 정책과 민간에서의 화폐주조 금지 정책을 중심으로 조명해보았다.

• 영어영문학
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.679-700
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• 2012

This study aims to examine Mark Twain's criticism of American capitalistic ideals in the late nineteenth century. During this second industrial revolution, industry showed rapid growth and capitalism established an order, while America suffered under the monopolization of capitalistic conglomerates. This resulted in the widening gap between the rich and the poor and the dehumanization caused by rapid industrialization. In A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Hank Morgan, the protagonist--who represents nineteenth-century America's industrialism, individualism, and capitalism--is sent back in time to the sixth century of Arthurian England. Hank attempts to introduce nineteenth-century technologies and machines to build a capitalistic system in the middle ages. However, Hank's efforts lead to disaster in which the country and civilization he worked to build is completely destroyed. Although Twain does not deny capitalistic ideals, he criticizes the "governmentality" that operates Hank's reform system to the extreme. Hank values efficiency and utilizes human beings as capital. Hank's economic reason not only transforms the Round-Table knights into speculators but also transforms their religious acts and abstract ideals into moneymaking businesses. The destructive ending anticipates the World Wars and the Great Depression in the first half of twentieth century and even serves to predict the dangers that follow.

• 무역학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.89-101
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• 2022

International remittances play a crucial role in the economic management of each country, especially in developing countries. Its functions are diverse, including procurement of foreign currency, serving as a cushion for the balance of payments and foreign exchange reserves by reducing the adverse external shocks, driving economic growth, easing the gap between the rich and the poor, and maintaining macroeconomic stability. However, previous studies on remittances have mainly focused on macro-and micro-economic aspects to analyze the determinants. Therefore, this study attempts to identify the determinants of remittances in 122 countries over the past 25 years from macroeconomic and educational aspects as well as institutional qualities. In addition, given the fact that almost all of the world's top 10 recipient countries in terms of GDP and total remittance size are developing countries, developed and developing countries are separated and analyzed for comparison, assuming that there may be a difference between the two groups. Results show that the coefficients of developed and developing countries are different in four areas: Control of Corruption (CC), Rule of Law (RL), Voice and Accountability (VA), and Regulatory Quality (RQ) among the six institutional variables of interest in this study. These results implicate that even the same institutions and policies should be applied and implemented differently depending on the circumstances of each country. In addition, as suggested by the World Bank, policymakers in all countries should double their policy efforts to lower the costs of remittance and improve access to the financial system for immigrants or dispatched workers to ensure a steady inflow of remittances.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보교육학회 2011년도 동계학술대회
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• pp.261-264
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• 2011

최근 우리 사회는 양극화 현상에 의해 빈부격차가 점점 심해지고 있으며, 가정간의 소득격차의 심화로 인해 빈곤 아동 문제가 사회적 문제로 대두되고 있다. 저소득층 아동은 가정해체와 부모의 가출, 경제적 어려움 등 부정적인 생활사건을 많이 경험하게 되어 불안, 공격, 위축 등의 행동 문제가 나타나며, 자존감이 낮아지고 학업성취도가 떨어지는 등 여러 문제들이 발생하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 교구 로봇 활용을 통한 아동복지센터 아이들의 사전 사후 변화를 비교 분석해 보았으며 그 결과 창의성뿐만 아니라 행동문제 개선에 유의미한 효과를 주는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제98권5호
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• pp.548-557
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• 2009

For centuries, forests have been a key component of rural livelihood. They are important both socially and economically in Nepal. Firewood and fodder are the basic forest products that are extracted daily or weekly basis in most of the rural areas in Nepal. In this study, a field survey of 100 households was conducted to examine the degree of forest dependency and forest resource availability, households' livelihood strategy and their relationship with forest dependency in Chitwan, Nepal. A household' response indexes were constructed, Gini coefficient, Head Count Poverty Index (HCI) and Poverty Gap Index (PGI) were calculated and one way ANOVA test was also performed for data analysis. Data revealed that 82/81% of all households were constantly used forest for firewood and fodder collection respectively while 42% of households were used forest or forest fringe for grazing. The Forest Product Availability Indexes (FPAI) showed a sharp decline of forest resources from 0.781 to 0.308 for a 20-yr time horizon while timber wood was noticeably lowered than the other products. Yet, about 33% of households were below the poverty threshold line with 0.0945 PGI. Income distribution among the household showed a lower Gini coefficient 0.25 than 0.37 of landholdings size. However, mean income was significantly varies with F-statistics=246.348 at P=0.05 between income groups (rich, medium and poor). The extraction of firewood, fodder and other forest products were significantly different between the income group with F-statistics=16.480, 19.930, 29.956 at P=0.05 respectively. Similarly, landholdings size and education were also significantly different between the income groups with F-statistics=4.333, 5.981 at P=0.05 respectively. These findings suggested that income status of households was the major indicator of forest dependency while poor and medium groups were highly dependent on the forests for firewood, fodder and other products. Forest dependency still remains high and the availability of forest products that can be extracted from the remaining forestlands is decreasing. The high dependency of households on forest coupled with other socioeconomic attributes like education, poverty, small landholders and so on were possibly caused the forest degradation in Chitwan.Therefore, policy must be directed towards the poor livelihood supporting agenda that may enhance the financial conditions of rural households while it could reduce the degree of forest dependency inspired with other income generating activities in due course.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.55-68
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• 2007

Recently, people in cities of developed countries are exposed to unfortified damages of crime and disaster due to urbanization, industrialization and information-oriented era caused by congestion of population in terms of hardware and various social pathology phenomena and frequent and large scale of disaster caused by crime and disorder, which occur in the course of going through nuclear family, a gap between rich and poor and aging society in terms of software. In this regard, demand for security upon individual life and property has been increased but the police that are responsible for the public security does not effectively reduce damage in life and property because their activities are mainly oriented in coping with security accidents more than prevention. Shortage of manpower and budget, retarded equipment, and heavy overwork are the reasons. In order to confront with this kind of situation, we should utilize CCTV system with the purpose of declining possible chances of crime, not for eliminating cause of crime as crime prevention activities to predict danger in advance as a way of prevention and we may expect a role of damage prevention by installing CCTV in places where security accident may possibly happen. In conclusion, there are invasion of privacy, misuse of the system, insufficiency of overall monitoring office management, lack of citizens' understanding and economical allotment of the system installation costs in installation of CCTV system. However. it is necessary to install the CCTV system for effective prevention of crime and prevention activities of security accidents and accurate PR of purposes of installing CCTV to local residents, establishing relevant laws about system misuse, allotment of equipment costs and fees by R&D of the system machinery, cost reduction method of storage, management and replacement, saving costs from co-operative attitude of government, and local autonomous entities and local residents should be involved.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.529-534
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• 2020

인류 문명의 발전은 산업화에 따른 도시의 발전과 운송 기술의 진화와 맥을 같이한다. 지금까지의 도시 발전은 수송비 절감과 한정된 중심업무 지구로서의 토지 이용 요구에 따라 진행되어왔다. 도시 인구 밀집도의 지속적인 증가는 지가상승, 교통 혼잡, 빈부격차, 공해발생 등과 같이 사회·경제적으로 많은 문제를 일으켜 왔고 현재의 도시 생태 시스템으로는 전반적인 해결에 어려움이 있다. 그러나 문제의 해결을 위한 실마리는 바로 도시생태계 내에서 찾을 수 있다. 서울 심야버스 운행 노선의 설계는 바로 심야의 도시 내 이동 인구의 흐름을 정보통신 기술을 이용해 분석하여 얻은 결과이다. 이렇듯 도시 문제의 해결은 도시 생태계의 분석에서 출발하는 것이 타당하다. 문제의 원인을 알았다면 시민의 삶의 질을 높이기 위해 빅데이터 플랫폼 구축이 필요하고 이를 통한 해결이 가능하다. 이 플랫폼의 중심에는 정보통신 기술의 기반 하에 도시의 구성 요소와 연결되어 실시간 수집, 분석 및 적용되는 빅데이터가 자리 잡고 있어야한다. 본 연구를 통해 지속 가능한 스마트 시티를 위한 빅데이터 플랫폼 구축과 적용 방안에 대하여 고찰한다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.177-195
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• 2005

Tough Korean architecture and urban environment has been developed for almost 100 years, it still remains various kinds of problems. Many attempts was carried out by every new plan to reduce the problems, it result in requiring more investment than before. It means all the investment for the development has been inefficient and immature to protect economic problems compared with the developed country. For the reason of economic problems it must be studied in historical cases which influenced the economic impacts, before the proposal of index with the economic theory. Searching typical architecture or urban development that brought about economic impacts can be classified into 3 cases. First case is the impact that caused the economic growth, increase, boom like the Westminster & others and the american architectures after the economic crisis. Second case is the impacts that was the origin of decline, shrink in economic as the Palace of Versailles, the skyscrape buildings in america before the economic crisis. Third case is the impact that was the both role of increase and decline in economic as the modern architecture in industrial revolution which led to the national economic growth and the gap between the rich and the poor, and as the american architecture that was the root of crisis and the revival in economic. From the case study, it is clear that architecture has relation with economics in various factors as mass production, labour, and another industries all over the history & the world. Now, architecture strongly needed not only to raise functional, cultural effect and value, but to predict and control the economic impacts with theory from further research of historical cases to policy and practise.