• 제목/요약/키워드: rice seeds

검색결과 548건 처리시간 0.028초

Anti-hyperlipidemic activity of Rhynchosia nulubilis seeds pickled with brown rice vinegar in mice fed a high-fat diet

  • Park, Ki-Moon;Lee, Seung Ho
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • 제7권6호
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    • pp.453-459
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    • 2013
  • The abnormal content of blood lipids often results in metabolic diseases, such as hyperlipidemia and obesity. Many agents, including natural sources from traditional food, have been developed to regulate the blood lipid contents. In this study, we examined the anti-hyperlipidemic activity of Rhynchosia nulubilis seeds pickled with brown rice vinegar (RNSpBRV), a Korean traditional pickled soybean food. Since RNSpBRV is made of R. nulubilis seeds (RNS) soaked in brown rice vinegar (BRV), we compared the anti-adipogenic activity between RNS, BRV and solid fraction of RNSpBRV (SF-RNSpBRV), liquid fraction of RNSpBRV (LF-RNSpBRV). For this, the inhibitory effect of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocyte was checked by adding methanol extracts of mixed RNS and BRV, LF-RNSpBRV, and SF-RNSpBRV. The addition of each methanol extract up to 1 mg/ml showed no cytotoxicity on 3T3-L1 adipocyte, and approximately 20% of the lipid droplet formation was suppressed with the methanol extract of BRL or SF-RNSpBRV. The highest suppression (42.1%) was achieved with LF-RNSpBRV. In addition, mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) supplemented with 5% RNSpBRV powder led to increased high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and lower blood glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol compared to mice fed with a HFD diet only. Interestingly, the size of the epididymis cells gradually decreased in HFD + 1% RNSpBRV and HFD + 5% RNSpBRV-fed mice if compared those of HFD-fed mice. Taken together, these results provide evidence that RNSpBRV has a regulatory role in lipid metabolism that is related to hyperlipidemia.

Bacteriophages: A New Weapon for the Control of Bacterial Blight Disease in Rice Caused by Xanthomonas oryzae

  • Ranjani, Pandurangan;Gowthami, Yaram;Gnanamanickam, Samuel S;Palani, Perumal
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제46권4호
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    • pp.346-359
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    • 2018
  • Xanthomonas oryzae, a bacterial pathogen causing leaf blight disease (BLB) in rice, can cause widespread disease and has caused epidemics globally, resulting in severe crop losses of 50% in Asia. The pathogen is seed-borne and is transmitted through seeds. Thus, control of BLB requires the elimination of the pathogen from seeds. Concern about environment-friendly organic production has spurred improvements in a variety of biological disease control methods, including the use of bacteriophages, against bacterial plant pathogens. The present study explored the potential of bacteriophages isolated from diseased plant leaves and soil samples in killing the bacterial pathogen in rice seeds. Eight different phages were isolated and evaluated for their bacteriolytic activity against different pathogenic X. oryzae strains. Of these, a phage designated ${\varphi}XOF4$ killed all the pathogenic X. oryzae strains and showed the broadest host range. Transmission electron microscopy of ${\varphi}XOF4$ revealed it to be a tailed phage with an icosahedral head. The virus was assigned to the family Siphoviridae, order Caudovirales. Seedlings raised from the seeds treated with $1{\times}10^8pfu/ml$ of ${\varphi}XOF4$ phage displayed reduced incidence of BLB disease and complete bacterial growth inhibition. The findings indicate the potential of the ${\varphi}XOF4$ phage as a potential biological control agent against BLB disease in rice.

Incidence, Molecular Characteristics and Pathogenicity of Gibberella fujikuroi Species Complex Associated with Rice Seeds from Asian Countries

  • Jeon, Young-Ah;Yu, Seung-Hun;Lee, Young Yi;Park, Hong-Jae;Lee, Sokyoung;Sung, Jung Sook;Kim, Yeon-Gyu;Lee, Ho-Sun
    • Mycobiology
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    • 제41권4호
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    • pp.225-233
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    • 2013
  • Gibberella fujikuroi species complex (GFSC) was isolated from rice (Oryza sativa L.) seed samples from ten Asian countries and investigated for incidence of GFSC, molecular characteristics, and pathogenicity. Regardless of geographic origin, GFSC was detected with incidences ranging from 3% to 80%. Four species, Fusarium fujikuroi, F. concentricum, F. proliferatum, and F. verticillioides, were found to show an association with rice seeds, with F. fujikuroi being the predominant species. In phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences, no relationship was found between species, isolates, and geographic sources of samples. Unidentified fragments of the ${\beta}$-tubulin gene were observed in ten isolates of F. fujikuroi and F. verticillioides. With the exception of three isolates of F. fujikuroi, F. fujikuroi, F. proliferatum, and F. verticillioides were found to have FUM1 (the fumonisin biosynthetic gene); however, FUM1 was not found in isolates of F. concentricum. Results of pathogenicity testing showed that all isolates caused reduced germination of rice seed. In addition, F. fujikuroi and F. concentricum caused typical symptoms of bakanae, leaf elongation and chlorosis, whereas F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides only caused stunting of seedlings. These findings provide insight into the characteristics of GFSC associated with rice seeds and might be helpful in development of strategies for management of bakanae.

벼 키다리병 방제를 위한 차아염소산나트륨 이용 (Use of Sodium Hypochlorite for the Control of Bakanae Disease in Rice)

  • 신동범;고재덕;이봉춘;강인정;강항원
    • 식물병연구
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.259-263
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    • 2014
  • 차아염소산나트륨의 벼 키다리병 종자소독제로서 활용 가능성을 구명하고자, 항균 활성 효과와 종자소독 효과를 연구한 결과, 차아염소산나트륨이 높은 항균 활성을 나타내어 $100{\mu}l/l$ 이상의 농도에서 균총이 형성되지 않았으며 $80{\mu}l/l$ 농도에서도 균 총형성이 현저히 낮았다. 벼 키다리병균 감염 벼 종자를 차아염소산나트륨 0.3% 농도로 8시간 침지 처리 시 종자소독효과가 90%로 높았다. 또한 차아염소산나트륨 0.5%, 0.3% 용액에 감염종자를 각각 12시간 처리하였을 벼 키다리병 발병율이 4.3%, 4.7%로 무처리 발병율 97.3%에 비해 현저히 억제되었으며, 유묘 출현율이 무처리 대비 29.1%, 26.9% 높았다. 그리고 벼 키다리병이 발생하여 자연 감염된 주남벼 종자를 사용하여 차아염소산나트륨 처리한 후 prochloraz 처리와, prochloraz를 처리한 후 차아염소산나트륨 처리의 종자 감염율이 각각 4.0%, 6.3% 로서 prochloraz 단독처리 13.7% 보다 낮은 경향을 보였으며, 벼 키다리병 발병율도 각각 3.7%, 8.3% 로 prochloraz 단독처리 14.3% 보다 낮았다. 아울러 차아염소산나트륨을 처리한 후 prochloraz를 처리한 것에서 더 높은 종자소독효과를 보였다.

Sodium Hypochlorite 처리가 몇가지 작물의 종자소독에 미치는 효과 (Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite Treatment on Incidence of Seed-borne Fungi in Several Crop Seeds)

  • 구자형;유승헌;이향범
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.18-24
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    • 1993
  • 일반소독제로 광범위하게 사용되는 NaOCl을 종자소독제로써 이용할 수 있는 방안을 확립하고자 종자전염에 의한 병해 발생이 많은 볍씨와 채소종자를 대상으로 소독 효과를 조사하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. NaOCl의 참깨 종자 소독 효과를 조사하였던 바 NaOCl의 농도가 높을 수록 그리고 침지시간이 길수록 종자 소독 효과가 뚜렷 하였으나 종자 발아 장해를 일으켰다. 종자발아율을 높이며 소독효과가 우수한 종자 처리 방법은 NaOCl 1-2%에서 10분간 침지하는 것이었고, 벼 종자소독 효과는 NaOCl 농도 1-2%에서 침지시간을 30분 이내로 하는 것이 좋았다. 2. 무, 배추 종자 소독 효과를 조사하였던 바 NaOCl 농도 1%에서 10분간 침지할 경우 각종 Alternaria균의 검출율을 현저히 저하시켰고, 고추종자에서는 NaOCl 농도 1%에서 10분간 침지할 경우 각종 탄저병균의 검출율을 현저히 저하시켰다. 3. 종자전염성 진균에 대한 NaOCl의 소독 효과는 종자소독제인 Benlate T에 비하여 참깨종자에서는 우수하게 나타났고, 볍씨에서는 비슷하였다. 그러나 NaOCl은 처리농도가 높고 시간이 긴 경우에는 발아장해를 초래하였다.

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Comparisons of inorganic amounts in paddy fields, rice straw and seed with varying severity of brown spot caused by Cochliobolus miyabeanus

  • Yeh, Wan-Hae;Park, Yang-Ho;Kim, I-Yeol;Kim, Yong-Ki;Shim, Hong-Sik
    • 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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    • pp.91.2-92
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    • 2003
  • In order to elucidate influence of nutritional status on rice brown spot caused by Cochliobolus miyabeanus, rice cultivation soils and rice straws were collected from paddy fields where ice brown spot occurred severely, moderately, a little and none respectively. Rice plant materials were analyzed to measure inorganic nutrients in rice straws and rice seeds. Analysis of chemical properties of rice paddy soil showed that EC and contents of available phosphate, cation and silicic acid in soil with severe infections were lower than those in healthy soil. This result suggests that amount and holding capacity of nutrient contents in soils collected from paddy field with infection of C. miyabeanus are relatively low compared to those in soils collected from healthy paddy field. Analysis of inorganic nutrients in rice straws showed that amount of macronutrient elements such as silicic acids, available phosphate and total nitrogen, and micronutrients such as copper, iron and zinc in rice straws from paddy field with infection were lower than those in healthy soil. Especially amount of iron and silicic acid were very low in rice straws from paddy field soils with infection Amount of inorganic nutrients such as iron and zinc in rice seeds was the same trend as those of rice straws. These results showed that one of major factors affecting rice brown spot was amount of nutrient contents in soil and rice straw.

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Enhancing the Biological Control of Rice Seedling Disease by Adding Specific Carbon Sources into the Bacillus cereus D324 Formulation in Water-Seeded Rice

  • Sim, Jung-Bo;Chung, Ill-Min;Ku, Han-Mo;Choi, Hyoi-Won;Lee, Jong-Moon;Chun, Se-Chul
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제24권1호
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    • pp.58-62
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    • 2008
  • Utilization of carbon sources by Bacillus cereus D324, a biological control agent, and Pythium species, which causes rice seedling disease, was studied with the objective of increasing the efficacy of biological control by providing the biological control agent with specific beneficial carbon sources. D-galactose, D-sorbitol, and D-mannitol were poor carbon sources for Pythium spp. growth but were good for B. cereus D324 growth. Growth in a growth chamber of rice seeds coated with B. cereus D324 amended with specific carbon sources, such as D-galactose and D-sorbitol, showed significantly enhanced seedling emergence compared to seeds coated only with B. cereus D324. Field trials showed that both seedling emergence and yield increased, when the above specific carbon sources were added to B. cereus D324 in seed coating formulations. This result indicated that amending seed coating formulations with specific carbon sources could significantly increase seedling emergence and yield in the field.

옥수수 종실의 Brassinosteroid 활성물질 탐색 (Brassinosteroid Substances in Immature Zea mays Seeds)

  • 박근형;김선재현규환
    • KSBB Journal
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    • 제8권3호
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    • pp.300-305
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    • 1993
  • 옥수수 종설에 존재하는 brassinosteroid 활생물질 을 탐색하기 위하여 MeOH로 추출하고, 이 추출물을 rice inclination test를 지표로 용매분획, silica g gel adsorption chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 c chromatography, charcoal adsorption chromato­g graphy, bondesil chromatography 등의 수법으로 b brassinosteroid 활생물질을 정제한 다음, silica gel 흡착 chromatography로 활생 성분을 분리하고 H HPLC에 의해 활성 본체를 구명한 결과, castas­t terone과 teasterone이 동정되었는데, 대부분 cas­t tasterone형태로 존재하였다. 옥수수 종실에 함유된 b brassinosteroid함량은 brassinolide로 환산하여 생 체중량 g당 3-8ng 수준이였다.

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무경운 담수표면산파에 의한 잡초성벼 방제 (Weedy Rice Control by No-tillage Direct Seeding on Flooded Paddy Field)

  • 정남진;윤영환;김정곤;강양순
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제45권3호
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    • pp.195-198
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    • 2000
  • 무경운 담수표면산파재배시 잡초성벼의 발생양상과 비선택성 및 토양처리제를 이용한 잡초성벼 방제 결과는 아래와 같다. 1. 무경운에 의해 토양표면에서 월동한 잡초성벼의 생존율은 92.7%였고 재배벼는 4.3%였다. 2.토양내의 잡초성벼 발생심도는 건답에서 6.8cm, 무논에서 3.0cm, 그리고 무경운답에서 1.5cm로, 무경운답의 잡초성벼 발생은 건답과 무논에 비하여 토양 표층부위에서 주로 발생하였다. 3. 4월 하순의 우리나라 중부지역 평균기온인 13$^{\circ}C$에서 잡초성벼 발아에 소요되는 일수는 14-15일이었다. 4. 무경운상태에서 포장 표면위에 떨어져 있는 잡초성벼의 발아를 유도한 후 비선택성 제초제인 paraquat 처리한 결과 92.2%의 잡초성벼를 방제할 수 있었으며, 토양처리제 중 가장 높은 출아억제를 보인 제초제는 oxadiazon으로 53.3%의 방제 효과가 있었다. 5. Paraquat과 oxadiazon의 체계처리에 의해 96.4%의 잡초성벼를 방제할 수 있었다.

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결명자(決明子)의 수용성(水溶性) 추출물(抽出物)의 타감성(他感性) 저해(沮害) 작용(作用)에 대한 생리화학적(生理化學的) 기작(機作) (Physiochemical Mechanism of Allelopathic Inhibition by Water Soluble Extracts from Sicklepod(Cassia tora L.) Seeds)

  • 임선욱;문경환
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제26권3호
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    • pp.189-196
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    • 1993
  • 결명자(決明子) 종실(種實)에 기인(起因)하는 물질(物質)이 타(他) 식물(植物) 종자(種子)의 발아(發芽) 및 생육(生育)을 억제(抑制)하는 타감(他感) 현상(現象)을 보인다는 것이 확인(確認)되었으며, 이 현상(現象)을 이용(利用)하여 자연(自然) 생태계(生態系) 또는 농업(農業) 생태계(生態系)에서 널리 일어나는 타감(他感) 현상(現象)의 일반적(一般的)인 작용(作用) 기작(機作)을 이해(理解)하고자 결명자(決明子) 종실(種實)의 수용성(水溶性) 추출물(抽出物)을 처리(處理)하여 발아(發芽) 시간별(時間別)로 수분(水分) 함량(含量), ${\alpha}$-amylase의 활성(活性), protease의 활성, abscisin산(酸)의 함량(含量), 전(全) phenol 화합물(化合物)의 함량(含量) 등(等)을 측정(測定)하여 이를 무처리구(無處理區)와 비교(比較), 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)를 다음과 같이 요약(要約)한다. 1. 무우, 벼, 상치, 보리 종자(種子)의 발아(發芽) 실험(實驗)으로 결명자(決明子) 종실(種實)에 기인(起因)하는 물질(物質)이 발아율(發芽率)을 저하(低下)시키는 타감(他感) 현상(現象)을 보이며, 상치와 무우에서 특(特)히 뚜렷하였다. 2. 결명자(決明子) 종실(種實)의 수용성(水溶性) 추출물(抽出物)의 처리(處理)에 의한 무우의 발아저해(發芽沮害)는 단백질(蛋白質) 합성기(合成期)에 protease 활성(活性)(합성(合成))의 증가(增加) 이후에 수분함량(水分含量)의 감소(減少)와 더불어 전(全) phenol 화합물(化合物)의 축적(蓄積)(분해저해(分解沮害))의 순서(順序)로 진행(進行)되었다. 3. 반면, 벼에서는 결명자(決明子) 종실(種實)의 수용성(水溶性) 추출물(抽出物)의 처리(處理)에 의해서 abscisin산(酸)의 축적(蓄積)에 따른 ${\alpha}$-amylase의 활성(活性)(합성(合成))감소(減少)에 의해 발아(發芽)가 저해(沮害)되어 Einhelling의 가설(假說)과 부분적(部分的)으로 일치(一致)하였다.

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