• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.182-191
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• 2012

Black rice bran powder has potential medical uses and functionality. In this study, we assessed the antioxidant activity and quality characteristics of cookies containing various concentrations (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9%) of black rice bran powder. To analyze quality characteristics, proximate composition, fatty acid composition, amino acid composition, bulk density and pH of the dough, spread factor, loss rate, leavening rate, color, texture profile analysis, and sensory evaluations were measured. Black rice bran cookies (7%) contained more crude protein ($10.67{\pm}0.33$%) compared to control ($5.84{\pm}0.06$%). The total unsaturated fatty acid contents of the control and 7% black rice bran cookies were 30.44 and 30.81%, respectively. The amino acid content of 7% black rice bran cookie was higher than that of control. Bulk density of the dough, moisture, spread factor, total polyphenol content, and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of the cookies significantly increased with increasing content of black rice bran powder, whereas pH of the dough, loss rate, leavening rate, and L values of the cookies decreased. Additionally, consumer acceptability scores for the 7% black rice bran cookie group ranked significantly higher than those of the other groups in terms of appearance, taste, flavor, texture, and overall preference. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that black rice bran powder is an effective ingredient for increasing the consumer acceptability and functionality of cookies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.249-249
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• 2017

This study was carried out to compare the antioxidant components and antioxidant activity of brown rice according to addition rate (0, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100%) and cooker. Brown rice was cooked using general and high pressure cookers with and without fermented alcohol. Pasting characteristics with addition rate of brown rice decreased with increasing amounts of brown rice. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents increased with increasing amounts of brown rice. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities increased with increasing amounts of brown rice. Moreover, brown rice cooked by the general cooking method with fermented alcohol showed higher antioxidant effects compared to other cooking methods. In this study, antioxidant components and antioxidant activity of cooking brown rice with addition rate and cooking method can be used as basic data on processed manufactured products.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.100-107
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of electric current stimuli and high-voltage electric field treatments on brown rice germination. The brown rice stimulated by electrical current stimuli, functional electrical stimuli of a pulse type, and high-voltage electric field treatments were observed (Type I, II and III). Treatment Type I was a method of semi-soaking brown rice with electric current stimuli of 0.13 V/cm, 0.19 V/cm, and 0.25 V/cm into Petri-dishes for 72 hours. Type II was a method of semi-soaking brown rice with functional electrical stimuli of a pulse type(DC 1 V, 1 Hz, 5%, and duty cycles of 5%, 20%, and 35%) into Petri-dishes for 72 hours. Type III was a method of water-soaking with high-voltage electric field treatments for 60 hours. High-voltage electric field treatments at 15 kV/cm were also conducted for 2.5 min, 7.5 min, and 10 min, respectively. The germination rate and the sprout growth of brown rice germinated by electric current stimuli with 0.13 V/cm, 0.19 V/cm, and 0.25 V/cm were increased by about 10-15% compared with those of the control group. The germination rate and the sprout growth of brown rice germinated by functional electrical stimuli of pulse type(DC 1 V, 1 Hz, 5% duty cycle) were increased by about 10∼15% compared to those of the control group. Also, the best effective treatment among high-voltage electric field treatments was the 10 min group at 15 kV/cm. The germination rate and the sprout growth of brown rice germinated by this treatment of 10 min at 15 kV/cm were increased by about 10∼20% compared to those of the control group. The treatments of electric current stimuli and high-voltage electric field accelerated the germination rate and sprout growth of brown rice by about 10∼15% compared to those of the control group.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.258-265
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• 2010

The effects of organic-compound fertilizer on weed control and rice growth in the transplanting rice cultivation were researched in this article. The results showed that the growth of transplanted rice was promoted (the increased rate was 10.3~27.2%), but the plant number for Echinochloa crus-galli was controlled (the inhibition rate was 50.3~89.2%), besides, small amount of organic-compound fertilizer in controlling Aneilema keisak was highly effective when the transplanted rice was treated with 125~250 kg $10a^{-1}$ organic-compound fertilizer. Moreover, E. crus-galli, Monochoria vaginalis and A. keisak were inhibited largely by increasing the water depth (1~5 cm), whereas Eleocharis kuroguwai and other sedges weeds were not effected by water depth. Compared with the temperature of $20{\sim}35^{\circ}C$, the plant occurrence of E. crus-galli and M. vaginalis at high temperature was inhibited (the inhibition rate were 75.4~92.2% and 49.5%~81.6%, respectively). When the transplanted rice was treated with the above organic-compound fertilizer after 10day, the inhibition rate of plant occurrence for E. crus-galli and M. vaginalis was 33.7% and 23.3%, respectively. Similarly, in the later period of rice growth, the plant height and the numbers of tiller grew slowly in conventional soil in comparison with the soil treated with organic-compound fertilizer. It has been found that the rice yield in experimental soil was decreased by 4%. This result in the field experiment showed that organic material contents in conventional soil were lower than that in soil which used the organic-compound fertilizer. Weed control in experimental soil showed 60.5% lower effects than that in conventional soil.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.261-272
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• 2008

This study was conducted to provide the fundamental data based on the agronomic characteristics of domestic aroma rice, widely cultivated domestic rice and foreign aroma rice for breeding of functional aromatic rice. Among the 104 varieties, all of domestic aroma rice and widely cultivated rice varieties were headed, 24 of 84 varieties of foreign aroma rice were not headed. The average heading date of domestic aroma rice Japonica types of domestic rice was later as 136 day, and Tongil types of domestic aroma rice were faster as 122 day. The average culm length of Indica types of foreign aroma rice was longer as 130 cm, and Tongil types of were shorter as 74 cm. The average panicle length of domestic aroma rice and traditional rice were about 21 cm, and Indica types of foreign aroma rice were longer as 29.5 cm. The average 1,000 grain weight of Tongil types of domestic aroma rice and was not a difference with the domestic aroma rice and was more 2.5 g than the Indica types of foreign aroma rice. The average ratio of grain width and length of Indica types of foreign aroma rice were highest as 3.29 (W/L), and the domestic traditional rice was lowest as 1.7 (W/L). The average fertility rate of the domestic aroma rice, the widely cultivated domestic rice, and the Japonica types of foreign aroma rice were above 89.7%, but the Indica types of foreign and the Tongil types of domestic aroma rice were below 65.4%. The average germination rate of foreign aroma rice were above 83.7%, and domestic aroma rice were above 90.4%. The non-glutinous rice were 64 varieties (84.2%) of total 104 accessions of material rice and the waxy rice were 7 varieties (1%). In the domestic aroma rice, Hyangmi2ho and Aranghyangchalbyeo has a mild aroma grade. In the foreign aroma rice, 22 of 40 varieties of Indica types and 9 of 16 varieties of Japonica types has a lightly aroma grade. And 13 varieties of widely cultivated domestic rice has a non-aroma grade.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.1218-1223
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate supression functions of retrogradation in Korean rice cake by various surfactants. Samples were manufactured by multifunctional extruder and wrapped with polyethylene wrap at 2$0^{\circ}C$ for four days of storage. In the thermal characteristics studies on supression of retrogradation, the Korean rice cake with various surfactants had lower onset temperature compared to the control. The Korean rice cake with GLF (glycerin fatty acid ester) had the lowest onset temperature. In case of peak temperatures, they showed a similar tendency to the onset temperature. All the Korean rice cakes added with various surfactants had low melting enthalpy values compared to the control. In addition the Korean rice cake with GLF added had the lowest melting enthalpy. Melting spreadabilities of the Korean rice cake added with GLF, SUF, SOF and PST were higher values than that of the control. The n value of Avrami exponent was 0.90 in case of the Korean rice cake added with GLF and its retrogradation was slowly progressed compared to the other samples. The Korean rice cake with GLF had the lowest rate constants of retrogradation. The recrystallinity of the Korean rice cake with GLF was relatively lower than that of the control. The rate constant of retrogradation showed the lowest value in case of GLF. All the Korean rice cakes added with surfactants were in good compared to the control in sensory characteristics. GLF exhibited the best effect in sensory characteristics during storage. In conclusion surfactant showed suppression effect of retrogradation in Korean rice cake, and GLF was best effective.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.177-184
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• 2001

This study was conducted to identify the optimum nitrogen (N) fertilization at panicle initiation stage on ridge direct seeding on dry paddy of rice. During 1999~2000, a series of experiments was carried out at field (Chonbuk series) of the National Honam Agricultural Experiment Station, RDA using Dongjinbyeo. Plants were taller, and leaf area index and top dry weight increased with more N fertilization at panicle initiation stage. Photosynthetic rate of heading stage was higher at higher amounts of N fertilization at panicle initiation stage, especially in 6 kg/10a compared with 10 kg/10a seeding rate. Lodging index and its related traits did not significantly differ under different rates of N fertilization at panicle initiation stage. N uptake of the rice plant increased as more N fertilization at panicle initiation stage. N use efficiency was highest under the standard topdressing rate at 6 kg/10a seeding rate. Panicle number per m$^2$ increased with more topdressed N, but ripened grain rate and 1,000-grain weight of brown rice did not differ with an increase in topdressed N. Milled rice yield was 6% higher in the 6 kg/10a seeding rate and 13% higher in the 10 kg/10a seeding rate at 50% more topdressed N compared with 4.8 kg/10a N fertilization at panicle initiation stage of 6 kg/10a seeding rate.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2013

The newly developed fertilizer is the slow-releasing fertilizer which can be used as a basal fertilizer without no additional fertilization at tillering stage. It has 30-4-6% of $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$ and was coated with mixture of LDPE (Low density polyethylene), EVA (Ethylene vinyl acetate), BDP (Bio degraded polymer), TALC and nonionic surfactant for the controlled release up to 50 days after application. Coating materials were designed to be decomposed naturally. This fertilizer can be applied directly to the seedling tray mechanically just before transplanting, resulting in significant labor saving effect. The developed slow-release fertilizer, which can replace both basal fertilization and top dressing at tillering stage by single application directly to seedling tray, showed the highest release at 14~21 days after transplanting. Considering the plant growth at different growth stages and yield, the optimal application rate of developed slow-release fertilizer was 300 g per rice nursery tray and the yield of rice at this application rate was 5.25 MT/ha. Rice quality in terms of head rice grain ratio, amylose content, whiteness, and taste value decreased as fertilization rate increased from 200 g to 500 g per nursery tray. Fertilization rate based on quantity of fertilizer ingredients (N, P, K) was reduced by 49.3% compared to the standard application rate and there was 49.2% reduction in labor input for fertilization.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.289-296
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• 2021

This study aimed to analyze the optimal transplanting date of the floury endosperm rice varieties Hangaru, Seolgeang, Singil, and Baromi2 allowing to reduce the viviparity rate. The viviparity rate rapidly increased with the mean temperature during the ripening stage. Therefore, to reduce the viviparity rate, we calculated the optimum heading date based on the safe heading date limit in each area so that the ripening stage occurred at lower temperatures. hen, the effects of changes in heading date were monitored by recording the transplanting date and the temperature during the growth period. The transplanting date was highly correlated with the number of heading days in the field. Therefore, the optimum transplanting date was calculated according to the transplanting date in each area. When the accumulated temperature was 700℃, if floury rice was transplanted at the optimum transplanting date, the mean temperature was approximately 20℃. When the accumulated temperature was 900℃, the mean temperature was approximately 18℃. Under these conditions, the viviparity rates of Hangaru, Seolgeang, and Singil rice were lower than 10%. However, Baromi2 showed a high viviparity rate. These results suggest that the viviparity rate of Hangaru, Seolgeang, and Singil rice can be reduced by transplanting at the optimum transplanting date. However, further research is required for pinpointing the optimum transplanting date of Baromi2 rice.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.108-111
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• 2000

Osmoconditioning and hardening effects for the seed germination of normal and naturally aged rice seeds were studied through analyzing the total sugars and $\alpha$-amylase activity. The normal seeds which used to have high germination rate accelerated germination with the osmoconditioning at the suboptimal temperature of 17$^{\circ}C$. On the other hand, the aged seeds did not affect germination rate at $25^{\circ}C$, while increased germination rate and accelerated germination a little at 17$^{\circ}C$, Hardening of aged seeds increased germination rate by 10-15% compared with control seeds at both 17 and $25^{\circ}C$ and accelerated germination. Total sugar content and $\alpha$-amylase activity of normal seeds were higher than did aged seeds. The aged seeds with treatment of osmoconditioning and hardening increased total sugar content and $\alpha$--amylase activity, but hardening was more effective than osmoconditioning. The $\alpha$--amylase activity was positively correlated with the total sugar content and germination rate.