• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.294-299
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• 1989

Japonica 계통의 쌀을 원료로 instant rice를 제조하는데 적합하게 개발한 방법과 이미 보고된 방법중 우수하다고 평가되어 선정한 방법으로 제품을 만들어 품질특성을 비교한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. Instant rice의 복원율은 process 2가 가장 우수하였으며, 정부미와 아키바레간의 차이는 현저하지 않았다. 그러나 instant rice의 surface color는 processes 1과 2로 제조된 것이 연한 갈색과 낮은 lightness를 보였다. Instron으로 측정한 texture 특성은 제조방법에 뚜렷한 차이를 구분하기가 어려웠고, microstructure는 ammonium carbonate를 처리한 processes 1및 2로 제조한 instant rice가 균일한 air cell 조직을 가졌고, 정부미와 아키바레간에 microstructure의 차이를 관찰할 수 있었다. Instant rice의 관능적 color는 processes 1및 2로 제조한 것이 낮은 score를 보여 surface color결과와 일치하였고, cohesiveness는 processes 2와 4의 것이 우수하여 Instron으로 측정한 cohesiveness 결과와 일치하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 process 2의 방법으로 제조한 instant rice가 전체적으로 우수한 품질특성을 가지나, color는 약간 갈색을 띄는 단점이 있다. 따라서 process 2를 instant rice 제조방법으로 활용하려면 이런 단점을 보완할 계속적 연구가 필요하다고 평가된다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.331-331
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• 2017

This study was conducted to know the influence of air temperature and sunshine duration on yield, chemical component, pigment color difference and starch characteristics of two colored rice cultivars in the plain area of Yeongnam province in Korea. The $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ value of brown rice in Hongjinju and Josaengheugchal rice cultivars was significantly different at continuous cultivated years, 2015 and 2016. The $L^*$, $b^*$ value of two colored rice was significantly increased in 2016 compared to 2015. The $a^*$ value of Josengheugchal rice cultivar was also significantly higher at 2016 than at 2015. It can be noticed the $a^*$, $b^*$, $L^*$ values in Josaengheugchal varied more than those in Hongjinju. Air temperature during ripening period in 2016 was higher than 2015, especially minimum temperature was too high to proper maturation for rice quality. In Josaengheugchal rice cultivar, sunshine duration after heading was longer in 2016 than in 2015. On the contrary, Hongjinju rice cultivar was ripened under condition of insufficient sunshine duration in 2016. The short growing duration by high temperature and long shiny duration made the lack of pigment for Josaengheugchal brown rice. In Hongjinju rice cultivar, shorten sunshine duration and higher night temperature were the source of the pigment deficiency. The grain size of rice which produced in 2016 was bigger than that of 2015 in both rice cultivars. The 1,000 grain weight of rice from 2016 was also bigger than that of 2015. Head rice ratio was high in the rice cultivars produced in 2015. Protein of milled rice in 2016 was more decreased than that of 2015 in Josaengheugchal rice cultivar, it showed reverse result in Hongjinju rice cultivar. Amylose contents of milled rice in 2016 were more decreased than that of 2015 in Hongjinju rice cultivar. Branch chain length distribution of amylopectin was shown a distinct difference between Josaengheugchal and Hongjinju rice flours by each produced year. Josaengheugchal rice cultivar produced in 2015 had a higher amount of short chains than that of 2016 rice starches. In Josaengheugchal rice cultivar, the pasting temperature and peak, trough, breakdown, final viscosity increased in rice flour which produced at 2016, whereas the setback viscosity and peak time showed lower value than those of rice from 2015. The most pasting properties (except of setback viscosity) of rice starch in Hongjinju rice cultivar grown in 2015 were higher than those of rice cultivar produced in 2016.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.541-547
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• 2012

This study was performed to compare the processing aptitudes of the rice muffins produced from the seven rice varieties, including Goami, Goami 2, Deuraechan, Baegjinju, Seolgaeng, Haiami and Hanareum, along with the use of hydroxypropyl methylcelluloses (HPMCs) as a replacement for the egg white. The water binding capacity of rice flours was significantly higher than that of wheat flour, but its fat binding capacity was lower than that of wheat flour (p<0.05). In the viscosity of the batter, Goami and Baegjinju were lower than that of the wheat flour. There was no significant difference in the specific gravity of Seolgaeng and the batter of wheat flour. The pH of all varieties except Goami 2 was higher than batter of wheat flour(p<0.05). Haiami flour produced higher muffin volume and specific volume compared with the wheat flour muffin. The textural characteristics, the muffins produced by Haiami and Hanareum flours had significantly lower hardness than the wheat flour muffin after 30 hours. All rice varieties except Gaomi 2 showed no significant difference compared to the wheat flour muffin in color, taste and texture (p<0.05). Furthermore, flavor of muffins produced from the Seolgaeng, Haiami and Hanareum flours tested higher than the wheat flour muffin. It was concluded that the rice varieties of Seolgaeng, Goami, Haiami and Hanareum were considered to be the most suitable rice cultivars for the rice muffins.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.886-890
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• 2006

제분방법을 달리하여 제조한 건식, 습식 및 반습식 쌀가루를 사용하여 제조한 쌀빵의 품질특성을 비교하였다. 습식제분 쌀가루의 제조 시 쌀의 수침온도를 $25^{\circ}C$와 $55^{\circ}C$로 하였으며 반습식 처리로서 쌀을 살수처리한 후 제분하였다. 쌀가루에 밀가루를 7:3의 비율로 혼합한 복합분에 활성 글루텐을 첨가한 후 mixograph로 반죽의 특성을 측정한 결과 습식제분한 쌀가루에서 반죽시간과 안정성이 증가함을 보여주었다. 습식제분 쌀가루로 제조한 쌀빵이 건식제분과 반습식제분 쌀가루로 제조한 쌀빵에 비해 빵의 체적이 증가했으며, 특히 수침온도에 있어 $55^{\circ}C$의 가온 수침처리가 쌀전분에 변화를 초래하여 상온에서 수침한 쌀가루에 비해 쌀빵의 체적을 향상시켰다. 쌀빵의 저장중 경도의 변화에서 습식제분 쌀가루로 제조한 빵이 가장 낮은 증가폭을 보여주었다.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2001

A rice mill plant with a capacity of 3 t/h was constructed with automated facilities at Chonnam National University. A simulation model was developed with SLAMSYSTEM for evaluation and improving the rice mill process. The developed model was validated in the views of hulling efficiency, milling efficiency, milled rice recovery, other materials produced, at bottlenecks in the processes. The results of hulling efficiency, milling efficiency, milled rice recovery in the simulation were, respectively, 81.1%, 89,5%, and 73.1%, while those of the actual mill plant were 81.5%, 90.2%, and 73.5%. The simulation results including the rates of other materials(chaff, bran, broken rice, stone, etc) produced in the processes were almost similar with those of the actual process. In the simulation the bottlenecks were found out in the process for separating brown rice and sorting colored rice. These phenomena also appeared in the actual process. It needed to increase the hourly capacities of the brown rice separator and the rice color sorter. As the developed model could well express the automated rice mill plant, it could be used for designing and improving rice mill plants.

• Mycobiology
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.52-63
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• 2018

In our previous studies, Bacillus megaterium KU143, Microbacterium testaceum KU313, and Pseudomonas protegens AS15 have been shown to be antagonistic to Aspergillus flavus in stored rice grains. In this study, the biocontrol activities of these strains were evaluated against Aspergillus candidus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium fellutanum, and Penicillium islandicum, which are predominant in stored rice grains. In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of the bacterial strains were evaluated against the fungi on media and rice grains, respectively. The antifungal activities of the volatiles produced by the strains against fungal development and population were also tested using I-plates. In in vitro tests, the strains produced secondary metabolites capable of reducing conidial germination, germ-tube elongation, and mycelial growth of all the tested fungi. In in vivo tests, the strains significantly inhibited the fungal growth in rice grains. Additionally, in I-plate tests, strains KU143 and AS15 produced volatiles that significantly inhibited not only mycelial growth, sporulation, and conidial germination of the fungi on media but also fungal populations on rice grains. GC-MS analysis of the volatiles by strains KU143 and AS15 identified 12 and 17 compounds, respectively. Among these, the antifungal compound, 5-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-indole, was produced by strain KU143 and the antimicrobial compounds, 2-butyl 1-octanal, dimethyl disulfide, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-1-heptanol, and 4-trifluoroacetoxyhexadecane, were produced by strain AS15. These results suggest that the tested strains producing extracellular metabolites and/or volatiles may have a broad spectrum of antifungal activities against the grain fungi. In particular, B. megaterium KU143 and P. protegens AS15 may be potential biocontrol agents against Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. during rice grain storage.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.53-53
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• 2022

Modem agricultural production needs to provide sustainable management practices that are eco-friendly and low cost. Plant extracts are a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic plant growth regulators. This study was therefore carried out to investigate the effects of various plant extracts produced using different extraction methods on the vegetative growth of rice under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. For this study, seventeen plant extracts were made from plant species such as leaves of M. arvense, C. asiatica, M. oleifera, V. radiata, V. unguiculate, P. guajava, A. vera, and A. tuberosum, aboveground plant parts of C. rotundus, M. sativa, and P. frutescens, roots of R. undulatum, tubers of A. sativum, leaves and stems of G. max (cv. Taegwang) as well as rice straw and hulls (cv. Hopyeong). As a test crop, we applied these extracts to rice plants. For the purpose of making our extracts, some plant materials and species were collected in fields and others were purchased from Chonnam Hanyaknonghyup Cooperation (South Korea). Leaves, roots, and aboveground plant parts of plant species were dried, ground, extracted (water, boiling water and ethanol) and fermented. Rice growth promotion effects were determined using plant extracts at 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1% concentrations under petri dish conditions. Seven selected plant extracts were applied to rice seeds with soil drench application or seedling at 3-4 leaf stages with soil and foliar applications under greenhouse conditions. For comparison with extracts, we used urea at 0.6%. Of the 17 water extracts used in this study, 10 extracts reduced rice growth, but the other 7 extracts (P. guajava, A. vera, A. tuberosum, M. sativa, A. sativum, and G. max) increased growth by 40-60% on compared to the control in Petri dish bioassay. Thus, these 7 extracts were selected for further study. Under greenhouse conditions, rice growth also increased by 20-40% when the same 7 extracts were applied to rice seeds using soil drench application. Furthermore, at the 3-4 leaf stage rice growth also increased 30-80% or 30-60% when the same 7 extracts were applied using soil and foliar applications. Overall, the 7 extracts produced higher rates of growth promotion when soil drench application was used than when foliar application was used. In the case of boiling water and ethanol extracts, rice growth increased only 20% in response to both soil drench and foliar application of the same 7 extracts. Rice growth promotion was greater when extracts were produced using water extraction method than boiling water and ethanol extraction methods. Most notably, the 7 water extracts used in this study produced higher rates of growth promotion than urea at 0.6% which is typically used for crop growth promotion. Overall, the 7 water extracts when applied using soil drenching method can be used as effective growth promotors of rice in organic agriculture.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2000년도 THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ENGINEERING. V.II
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• pp.378-387
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• 2000

A rice mill plant with a capacity of 2.5 ton/hr was constructed with automated facilities at Chonnam National University. A simulation model was developed with SLAM SYSTEM for evaluating and improving the rice mill plant. The developed model was validated in the views of hulling efficiency, milling efficiency, milled rice recovery, other materials produced, and bottlenecks in the processes. The results of hulling efficiency, milling efficiency, milled rice recovery in the simulation were, respectively, 81.1%, 89.5%, and 73.1%, while those of the actual mill plant were 81.5%, 90.2%, and 73.5%. The simulation results including the productivity of other materials(chaff, bran, broken rice, stone, etc) produced in the processes were almost similar with those of the actual process. In the simulation the bottlenecks were found out in the processes of separating brown rice and of sorting colored rice. These phenomenon also appeared in the actual process. It needed to increase the hourly capacity of the brown rice separator and the rice color sorter. As the developed model could well express the automated rice mill plant, it could be used for designing and improving rice mill plants. In addition, an alternative model needed to be developed for the system control more accurately and for increasing the rice quality.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2020

Cattle feeding in South Korea has been heavily dependent on domestically produced rice straw and imported grain. Around 42% of domestically produced rice straw is utilized for forage, and the remainder is recycled to restore soil fertility. Approximately 35% of round baleages were made with rice straw. However, higher quality hay is desired over rice straw. Due to increasing stockpiles of rice, there has been an economic burden on the government to store the surplus; therefore production of annual forage crops in rice fields has been further promoted in recent years. Hay import from the USA currently constitutes more than 80% of total imported hays. The main imported hays are alfalfa (Medicago sativa), timothy (Phleum pretense), and tall fescue (Festica arundinacea). The estimated forage required for cattle feeding was approximately 5.4 million MT in 2016. Domestically produced forage sates only 43% of that value, while low quality rice straw and imported hay covered the rest of demand by 33% and 20%, respectively. As utilization of domestically produced forage is more desirable for forage-based cattle production, long-term strategies have been necessary to promote domestic production of high quality baleage. One such strategy has been utilizing the fertile soil and abundance of fallow rice fields of western region of S. Korea to produce forage crops. Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) is the most successfully produced winter annual in the region and is approximately 56% of the total winter annual forage production. Forage sorghums (Sorghum bicolor), sorghum × sudangrass hybrids, and hybrid corn (Zea mays) produce a substantial amount of warm-season forage during summer. Produced forage has been largely stored through baleage due to heavy dew and frequent rains and has been evaluated according to S. Korea's newly implemented baleage commodity evaluation system. The system weighs 50% of its total grading points on moisture content because of its importance in deliverable DM content and desirable baleage fermentation; this has proved to be an effective method. Although further improvement is required for the future of forage production in South Korea, the current government-led forage production in rice fields has been able to alleviate some of the country's shortage for quality hay.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.50-54
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• 1998

청주가 가지고 있는 향기는 청주의 품질을 결정하는 요인 중의 하나이다. 청주의 향기는 발효과정 중 주로 효모에 의해서 발생하는 것으로 알려지고 있고, ethyl caproate는 향기성분 중의 하나로 esterase가 생성에 관여하고 있는 효소의 하나로 보고되었다. 반면 청주 제조에 사용되는 청주효모와 코지균은 ethyl caproate의 생성과 분해 활성을 가진 esterase를 생산하는 것으로 보고되었다. 본 연구에서는 청주 제조 중 발생하는 ethyl Caproate의 생성에 미치는 청주효모와 코지균이 가지고 있는 esterase들의 영향을 알아보기 위하여 코지균과 청주효모의 생장 중 발생하는 ethyl caproate 합성과 분해에 관련하고 있는 esterase들의 활성 변화에 대하여 알아보았다. 청주효모가 가지고 있는 ethyl caproate 합성 esterase는 caproate에 의해서 유포되고, 분해 esterase는 ethyl caproate에 의해서 유도되지만 caproate에 의해서 저해되는 것으로 나타났다. 코지균의 ethyl caproate합성과 분해 esterase활성은 균체의 성장에 비례하여 증가하였으나 ethyl caproate 생성의 기질이 되는 caproate와 ethanol이 활성에 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 코지균의 배양액에서 ethyl caproate 합성 esterase의 활성이 측정됨에도 불구하고 0.01 ppm까지 ethyl caproate를 검출할 수 있는 분석조건 하에서 배지 중의 ethyl caproate는 검출되지 않았다. 본 실험의 결과를 고려한다면 청주의 제조과정 중 생성되는 ethyl caproate는 코지균의 esterase에 의해서는 거의 생성되지 않고 당화과정 후 첨가되는 청주효모가 주로 생성하는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 청주효모의 증식과정 중에는 효모의 생장과 더불어 ethanol이 생성되어 코지균의 생장을 억제한다. 따라서 청주제조 중 생성되는 ethyl caproate는 청주효모의 esterase에 의해 생산된 것으로 사료된다.