• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.88-97
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• 2018

As the trade among the countries increases, domestic agriculture is facing a crisis. Especially domestic rice industry is suffering from the rice market opening problem and the domestic rice industry itself. As a counter measure against this, despite the promotion of the rice processing food industry, the export of rice processed food has decreased by an average annual rate of 12.3% since 2011 due to the lack of customized export strategy, such as low price competitiveness, insufficient quality and brand management. As a measure, we selected indicators to prioritize establishment of export strategy of rice processed food business and used AHP methodology to draw the weight for each indicators. The selection of export strategy prioritization indicator was based on the marketing mix theory, various previous research reviews and expert consulting. Five higher level indicators and nineteen detailed indicators were derived, and a weighted value of them was analyzed using a professional package. As a result, the relative importance of higher level indicators was 45.5% for product differentiation, 18.4% for management competence, 13.0% for export infrastructure, 12.0% for product pricing, and 11.1% for product distribution. The relative importance of the lower level indicators was 17.3% for product safety, 15.3% for product quality, 9.1% for management expertise, and 7.0% for product brand. This result is expected to be used as export strategy indicators of rice processed food export business.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1118-1128
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• 2015

In the midst of the advancement of global economic trade restrictions, the internationalization of domestic agriculture, which has occurred at a time of crisis in the industry, has presented an opportunity for Korea's agricultural products to be exported overseas. In particular, from 2015, after favorable outlooks for Korean rice, it is expected that the domestic agricultural industry is in a strong position to play a major role in export markets. Due to this, among existing measures targeting the import of rice, increasing domestic measures to boost rice exports and establish an effective operating plan are being pursued. However, until now, appropriate measures targeting domestic rice markets have not been found. In addition, domestic grain piers, which are currently used exclusively for the import of grain, do not have sufficient capacity to handle export operations. Therefore this paper will examine the current status of domestic grain piers, and will suggest a operating plan in grain terminal for the export of grain in order to successfully bring domestically produced rice to foreign markets. The conclusions drawn from this paper are designed to be used as a basic application for the operational plan of grain piers for the purpose of increasing domestic rice exports.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.597-602
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• 2004

Field experimental study was performed to examine characteristics of nutrient export from paddy rice fields with irrigation practices. Experimental fields with surface-water and ground-water irrigation were monitored and analyzed during rice culture period. The water balance showed that outflow generally balanced the inflow showing that about half (58~68%) of total outflow was lost by surface drainage. Water and nutrient export are more in surface-water irrigation paddy than in ground-water irrigation paddy. The reasons might be more irrigation water available and easy to use in surface-water irrigation. If irrigation water reduced, it could result in reduction of nutrient export in paddy rice fields, which can save water and protect water quality. However, deviation from conventional standard practices might affect the rice yield and further investigations are necessary.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.93-119
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• 2009

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the world rice market through structure and conduct frameworks utilizing annual data from 1970 to 2007. The world rice market has been unstable for much of the period post-World War II, with prices volatile and the availability of supplies uncertain. Therefore, analysis of the structure and conduct of the world rice market can provide information to better formulate the direction of future policies. Also, this paper will describe the effects of total production, export rice price, market concentration, and real exchange rate for exporting countries on total export rice volume. On basis of the expected results, the international rice market possesses market power with respects to static calculation and hypothesis test, and it will be demonstrated that exporting countries' currency crucially affects the exporting quantity and market power of those same exporting countries.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.157-165
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• 2017

Being a staple food for more than half of the population of the world and South Korea, rice is an important crop. For the past 20 years, global paddy rice cultivation area and production have shown an annual growth of 0.46% and 1.61%, respectively. Global rice consumption for food and processing has increased by 1.37% and 3.68%, respectively. Due to the main reason for such increasing human population, it is expected that from 439 million tons in 2010, additional 116 million tons will be needed in 2035. Global rice imports and exports have doubled in the last 20 years. However, in spite of such increment, global rice exports in 2013 were 8.4% of the total production. It is thought that rice protection policies in the producing countries are the main reason for such small scale of rice trading. In the past 5 years, India recorded the largest growth rate in rice exports (51.4%), whereas China showed the largest growth rate in imports (61.0%). For global utilization of milled rice during the same period, approximately 79.4% was used as food, 7.2% as animal feeds, and 1.4% for processing. Regionally, Asia has shown a similar pattern to the global rice usage, whereas utilization for processing in America, for food in Africa, and for animal feed in Europe was relatively higher than the global rice usage. Korea's cultivation area and production since the last 5 years, are 0.5% and 0.8% of those of the world, respectively. Its annual rice export is approximately 3,000 tons, which is 0.01% of the global rice export. Korea's rice utilization is high for food and low for feed and for processing relative to global rice utilization. Therefore, a review must be conducted to increase Korea's utilization of rice for processing and for feed production.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.915-930
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate how subcategories of the country-specific-advantage (CSA), which has been discussed in previous studies, affect the buying intention of Korean rice. After reviewing existing studies and examining research models based on them, a research model was verified by questionnaires and statistical analysis. The results of the surveys and statistical analyses reveal that the CSA factors presented in previous studies can also be applied in the context of Korean rice products. The results show that environmental resource, cultural resource and visual element factors influenced the buying intention through perceived quality. In addition, cultural resource perception factors have a direct effect on buying intention. This is consistent with previous studies showing that emotional communication approaches are ineffective for products that are perceived to have functional characteristics. Based on the results of this study, it was confirmed that CSA factors are suitable for the product and export target area. Strategic implications are suggested in that it is necessary to build marketing strategies to improve the perceived quality by the four factors. The theoretical implications are as follows. The sub-factors that constitute COI may have a negative effect and a positive effect; thus, it is necessary to utilize CSA when considering the product and country characteristics. The CSA factors revealed in previous studies are also significant in other regions and products. Finally, the theoretical implication is that consumers use CSA as a clue to evaluate quality.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.551-561
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• 2021

Background and objective: Vietnam is prioritizing agricultural production for food export capacity in all national policies. As a result, for three decades, its agriculture has been making quite many remarkable achievements. Methods: The most successful one is that the nation has become one of the world's leading rice exporters and ensures its national food security. Through these endeavors, the Mekong River Delta (MRD), in particular, has emerged as a key region in ensuring national food security and rice export. Results: The new era can now see Vietnamese agriculture turning to place special emphasis on commodity quality and the improvement of the living environment. This is evidenced, for example, by the phenomenon that the MRD, as a rice basket of the whole country, is making moves back to nature-based agriculture with attempts to restore the natural ecology, including preserving and restoring local traditional rice seeds, adopting natural farming practices and minimizing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Conclusion: The case studies of nature-based farming practices in the MRD indicate that, while the national agriculture is generally developing large-scale production, the small-scale farming in the region, integrated with tourist and educational activities on-site, is meeting the demands of a highly potential domestic niche market. Moreover, this model appears to be a sustainable farming approach that defines itself as a working green livelihood for the region.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2007

Cooked rice is a staple food for Koreans which provides more than 60% of daily required energy. In 1960's, Koreans ate 600 g-800 g of cooked rice per meal and the energy obtained from cooked rice was almost more than 80% of the daily intake of energy. However, as the economy of Korea improved, the major industry has been shifted from agriculture to various manufacturing industries and the export of those products has been increased thus increasing the national income but decreasing the farming population and thus rice consumption have been decreased. It has been said that the decreased rice consumption is caused solely by decreased farming population but it can also be said that the decreased farming population is caused by decreased rice consumption. As the national income increases, the type of foods people consume have become diversified. Various processed foods such as convenience food or ready-to-eat food have been widespread, which are mostly made of wheat flour rather than rice.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.67
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• pp.187-208
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• 2015

The Korea China FTA was signed on June 1 2015. It includes some concessions regarding major export items in the manufacturing sector for the protection of primary industries and preferential tariffs for a number of products produced in the Kaesong Industrial Complex. Primary industries are what the Korean government paid the greatest attention to. Rice was excluded from the negotiations from the get go, and was joined by 548 other food items including pork, apples, pears, beef, chili, garlic etc. These foodstuffs account for about one-third of the agricultural and livestock products that Korea produces, and are not going to be subject to tariff elimination. The results of the study are as follows: Korean government policy is to maintain of agri-food export support system, eliminate of agri-food non-tariff barriers, foster of agri-food export SMEs and expand of investment of foreign agri-food company. Korean firms strategy is to establish of regional marketing strategy, ensure of high quality agri-food and develop of food packaging technologies, establish of agri-food export logistics center and take advantage of the FTA preferential tariff.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.36-49
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• 2020

This study pertains to direction of exports direction of major agricultural commodities viz., rice, maize, bengal gram, chillies and cotton from India. In the ensuing next decade during 21st century, India is likely to witness changes in the export pattern of these commodities due to both internal and external constraints. One of the major internal constraints is mounting cost of production. Similarly, one of the most important external constraints include excessive subsidization by importing countries that makes Indian commodities less competitive in the international market. So, the important research question is to analyse the direction of exports of major agricultural commodities from India during post-WTO regime. The dynamic nature of trade pattern of the selected commodities was analyzed by employing the first order Markov process by examining gains and losses in respect of export shares of major Indian agricultural commodities to different countries. During the post-WTO regime, it was found that Saudi Arabia for rice, Bangladesh for maize, Pakistan for bengal gram, Malaysia for (dry) chillies, China, mainland for cotton are the loyal destinations for the commodities. The increasing demand for the selected commodities in countries like Saudi Arabia, Côte d'Ivoire for rice; Malaysia for maize; Pakistan and Algeria for Bengal gram; USA and Sri Lanka for (dry) chillies and Vietnam, Pakistan and Indonesia for cotton need to be explored for augmenting the exports. In order to achieve this goal, it is essential that consumer preferences in newer markets, market intelligence and impediments for augmenting exports need to be researched. It is also high time to analyze the export competitiveness of selected commodities across these importing countries.