• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1057-1064
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• 2013

p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K) can integrate nutrient and growth factor signals to promote cell growth and survival. We report our molecular characterization of the complementary DNA (cDNA) that encodes the goat p70S6K gene 40S ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) (GenBank accession GU144017) and its 3' noncoding sequence in Inner Mongolia Cashmere goats (Capra hircus). Goat S6K1 cDNA was 2,272 bp and include an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,578 bp, corresponding to a polypeptide of 525 amino acids, and a 694-residue 3' noncoding sequence with a polyadenylation signal at nucleotides 2,218 to 2,223. The relative abundance of S6K1 mRNA was measured by real-time PCR in 6 tissues, and p70S6K expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in heart and testis. The phosphorylation of p70S6K is regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in fetal fibroblasts.

• Mycobiology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.439-453
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• 2021

During the rainy season in Thailand, specimens of Phallus chiangmaiensis sp. nov. and P. merulinus were collected from Chiang Mai and Samut Sakhon Provinces, respectively. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU), nuclear ribosomal 5.8S gene including the internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 (ITS), and the protein-coding gene atp6 (mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate [ATP] synthase subunit 6) support the placement of the new species within Phallus. Phallus chiangmaiensis has a well-developed white indusium and campanulated caps with reticulate surfaces. It differs morphologically from the related species, as supported by the phylogenetic data. Phallus merulinus is reported here as a species that was re-encountered in Thailand. The descriptions of the species are accompanied by illustrations of macro- and micro- morphological features, and a discussion of the related taxa is presented.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.155-162
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• 2011

Background: Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and induces inflammation. In this study we attempted to ascertain if there are endogenous host molecules controlling the production of cytokines and chemokines. Two candidates, ribosomal protein L19 and L22, were analyzed to determine if they influence cytokine production followed by TLR3 activation. In this study we report that L19 acts upon production of IP-10 or IL-8 differently in glioblastoma cells. Methods: L19 or L22 was transfected into HEK293-TLR3, A549 or A172 cells. After treatment with several inhibitors of NF-${\kappa}B$, PI3K, p38 or ERK, production of IL-8 or IP-10 was measured by ELISA. siRNA was introduced to suppress expression of L19. After Vesicular stomatitis virus infection, viral multiplication was measured by western blot. Results: L19 increased ERK activation to produce IL-8. In A172 cells, in which TLR3 is expressed at endosomes, L19 inhibited interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) activation and IP-10 production to facilitate viral multiplication, whereas L19 inhibited viral multiplication in A549 cells bearing TLR3 on their cell membrane. Conclusion: Our results suggest that L19 regulates TLR3 signaling, which is cell type specific and may be involved in pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.986-993
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• 2001

Translation Initiation in prokaryotes involves the formation of a 30 S preinitiation complex, in which translation initiation factors play a role in the stimulation of fMet-tRNA (fMet) binding. However, the specific function and precise mechanism of initiation factor IF1 are still unclear. One a functionally active factor with a high purity. In the present study a large quantity of active IF was rapidly purified, obtained by the overexpression of the infA gene, and then used for a functional study. The induction of infA did not appreciably affect the growth rate of the protease-deficient strain E. coli AR68 harboring the IF1 overproducing plasmid. The level of IF1 obtained was approximately $1-2\%$ of the total cell protein, which enabled the yield of highly purified IF1 (>$98\%$ pure) to be increased to 0.15 mg of IF1/g of cells. The IF1 was isolated within one day by the centrifugatioin of the ribosomal washed fraction, by ammonium sulfate fractionation, chromatography on batch of phosphocellulose, and FPLC Mono S. The overexpressed IF1 was found to be comparable to the factor isolated from normal cells, as determined by migration in NEPHGE/SDS 2-D gels. For binding of fMet-tRNA(fMet) to the 30 S ribosomal subunitis, relatively high levels of binding were obtained when IF2 was present. The addition of IF1 up to 110 pmol proportionally stimulated the binding to a variable extent. This IF1-dependent stimulation of the 30 S preinitiation complex formation demonstrated that IF1 would appear to be exclusively essential for promoting the initiation phase of protein synthesis.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.95-106
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• 2018

To evaluate appropriate reference genes for the normalization of quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) data with embryonic and larval samples from Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, the expression stability of eight candidate housekeeping genes, including beta-actin (ACTB), elongation factor-1A (EF1A), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), histone 2A (H2A), ribosomal protein L5 (RPL5), ribosomal protein L7 (RPL7), succinate dehydrogenase (SDHA), and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 (UBE2A), were tested using embryonic samples from 12 developmental stages and larval samples from 11 ontogenic stages. Based on the stability rankings from three statistic software packages, geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper, the expression stability of the embryonic subset was ranked as UBE2A>H2A>SDHA>GAPDH>RPL5>EF1A>ACTB>RPL7. On the other hand, the ranking in the larval subset was determined as UBE2A>GAPDH>SDHA>RPL5>RPL7>H2A>EF1A>AC TB. When the two subsets were combined, the overall ranking was UBE2A>SDHA>H2A>RPL5>GAPDH>EF1A>ACTB>RPL7. Taken together, our data suggest that UBE2A and SDHA are recommended as suitable references for developmental and ontogenic samples of this sturgeon species, whereas traditional housekeepers such as ACTB and GAPDH may not be suitable candidates.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.83-87
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• 2023

Nysius plebeius is a major lygaeid pest of various cereal crops and ornamental plants in East Asian countries, including Korea. The complete mitochondrial genome of N. plebeius was characterized and found to comprise a total of 17,367 bp, which included 13 protein-coding genes, NADH dehydrogenase components (complex I, ND), cytochrome oxidase subunits (complex VI, COX), cytochrome oxidase b (CYPB), two ATP synthases, two ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNAs. The GC content of 23%. It showed high sequence similarity to other Lygaeidae species, such as N. cymoides (94.5%), N. fuscovittatus (91.7%), and an unknown Nysius species (94.1%). This new N. plebeius mitochondrial genome can be widely used for evolutionary studies of Lygaeidae and to improve pest management practices.

• International Journal of Oncology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.960-972
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• 2019

MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that play pivotal roles in cancer physiology as important epigenetic regulators of gene expression. Several miRNAs have been previously discovered that regulate the proliferation of the colorectal cancer (CRC) cell line HCT116. In the present study, one of these miRNAs, miR-5191, was characterized as a tumor suppressor in CRC cells. Transfection with miR-5191 led to a significant decrease in cell proliferation, invasiveness, tumor sphere-forming ability and tumor organoid growth, as determined via trypan blue, Transwell, sphere culture and organoid culture assays, respectively. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that miR-5191 induced the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of CRC cells. Additionally, the expression of miR-5191 was downregulated in CRC tumor tissues compared with in normal tissues, as measured by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis. Ribosomal protein S6 kinase β1 (RPS6KB1) was identified as a direct target of miR-5191. Ectopic expression of RPS6KB1 suppressed the function of miR-5191. Intratumoral injection of miR-5191 mimic suppressed tumor growth in HCT116 xenografts. These findings suggested a novel tumor-suppressive function for miR-5191 in CRC, and its potential applicability for the development of anticancer miRNA therapeutics.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.391-396
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• 2009

The biological effects of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (cPAHs) including benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DBA), benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), benzo[b] fluoranthene (BbF), benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), and indeno[1,2,3-c, d]pyrene (InP) on transcriptomic changes were determined in the liver of Oryzias latipes. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by binary exposure to cPAHs (BaP+BaA, BaP+BbF, BaP+BkF, BaP+DbA, BaP+InP) were screened by annealing control primers-based polymerase chain reaction followed by sequence analysis and BLAST searching. The results showed that four DEGs were commonly expressed by cPAHs and they were identified as ribosomal protein S4, coagulation factor II, elongation factor 1 beta, and a predicted protein similar to human immunodeficiency virus type I enhancer binding protein 3. This finding suggests that binary exposure to cPAHs interferes protein synthesis required for fundamental liver functions in fish.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17
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• pp.59-69
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• 2001

Arsenic exposure is associated with several human diseases, including cancers, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and cerebrovascular diseases. In cultured cells, arsenite, an inorganic arsenic com-pound, was demonstrated to interfere with many physiological functions, such as enhancement of oxidative stress, delay of cell cycle progression, and induction of structural and numerical changes of chromosomes. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of arsenic exposure on gene expression profiles by colorimetric cDNA microarray technique. HFW (normal human diploid skin fibroblasts), CL3 (human lung adenocarcinoma cell line), and HaCaT (immortalized human keratinocyte cell line) were treated with 5 $\mu\textrm{M}$ or 10 $\mu\textrm{M}$ sodium arsenite for 6 or 16 h, respectively. By a dual-color detection system, the expression profile of arsenite-treated cultures was compared to that of control cultures. Several genes expressed differentially were identified on the microarray membranes. For example, MDM2, SWI/SNF, ubiquitin specific protease 4, MAP3K11, RecQ protein-like 5, and Ribosomal protein Ll0a were consistently induced in all three cell types by arsenite, whereas prohibitin, cyclin D1, nucleolar protein 1, PCNA, Nm23, and immediate early protein (ETR101) were apparently inhibited. The present results suggest that arsenite insults altered the expression of several genes participating in cellular responses to DNA damage, stress, transcription, and cell cycle arrest.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1118-1122
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• 2014

The present study shows that DR1114 (Hsp20), a small heat shock protein of the radiation-resistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans, enhances tolerance to hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) stress when expressed in Escherichia coli. A protein profile comparison showed that E. coli cells overexpressing D. radiodurans Hsp20 (EC-pHsp20) activated the redox state proteins, thus maintaining redox homeostasis. The cells also showed increased expression of pseudouridine (psi) synthases, which are important to the stability and proper functioning of structural RNA molecules. We found that the D. radiodurans mutant strain, which lacks a psi synthase (DR0896), was more sensitive to $H_2O_2$ stress than wild type. These suggest that an increased expression of proteins involved in the control of redox state homeostasis along with more stable ribosomal function may explain the improved tolerance of EC-pHsp20 to $H_2O_2$ stress.