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A Study on the Relationship between Factors Affecting Soldering Characteristics and Efficiency of Half-cell Soldering Process with Multi-wires (Half-cell 기반 multi-wires 접합 공정에서 접합 특성에 영향을 주는 요인과 효율의 상관관계 연구)

  • Kim, Jae Hun;Son, Hyoung Jin;Kim, Sung Hyun
    • Current Photovoltaic Research
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.65-70
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    • 2019
  • As a demand of higher power photovoltaic modules, shingled, multi-busbar, half-cell, and bifacial techniques are developed. Multi-busbar module has advantage for large amount of light havesting. And, half-cell is high power module for reducing resistive losses and higher shade tolerance. Recently, researches on multi-busbar is focused on reliability according to adhesion and intermetallic compound between Sn-Pb solder and Ag electrode. And half-cell module is researched to comparing with full-sized cell module for structure difference. In this study, we investigated the factors affecting to efficiency and adhesion of multi-wires half-cell module according to wire thickness, solder thickness, and flux. The results of solar simulator and peel test was that peel strength and efficiency of soldered cell is not related. But samples with flux including high solid material showed high efficiency. The results of FE-SEM and EDX line scan on cross-section between wire and Ag electrode for different flux showed thickness of solder joint between wire and Ag electrode is increasing through solid material increasing. Flux including high solid material would affect to solder behavior on Ag electrode. Higher solid material occurred lower growth of IMC layer because solder permeate to sider of wire ribbon than Ag electrode. And it increased fill factor for high efficiency. In soldering process, amount of solid material in flux and solder thickness are the factor related with characteristic of soldered photovoltaic cell.

A Study of Western-Style First Birthday Clothing for Girls from Online Shopping Malls (온라인 쇼핑몰의 서양식 여아 돌복 연구)

  • Kwon, Sang-Hee
    • Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.13-26
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    • 2019
  • In this study, Western-style first birthday clothing for girls from online shopping malls was explored. Specifically, clothing types, forms, colors, textiles, prints/patterns, and trimmings were examined. Using the keyword dol bok (meaning "first birthday clothing") and the search engines Naver and Daum, online shopping malls that sell or rent Western-style first birthday clothing for girls were found. From 15 online shopping malls, 317 dresses, 76 outers, and 69 bonnets were analyzed. The one-piece dress was the main item of Western-style first birthday clothing for girls. Most first birthday dresses were white or ivory in terms of color; other common features were the bell silhouette, a high waistline, a midi- or knee-length skirt with multiple layers, and bow trimming. The upper bodices of dresses featured round necklines without collars and sleeves, and the main textiles used for dresses were satin, lace, organza, and tulle. Two main types of outers were jackets and capes. Most outers were white or ivory and waist-length or shorter, with elbow-length or longer sleeves. Outers were typically made of fur, satin, and lace. Most bonnets were also white or ivory in color, made of satin and lace, and decorated with ribbon ties and frills/ruffles. Because a precedent study indicates that a monochromatic color scheme was the least favorite and that consumers want a proper fit and length-adjustable design, conclusions of this study point to the need for color diversification; color combinations for two-piece dresses, outers, and accessories; and lacing or shoulder snaps instead of zippers.

Double magnetic entropy change peaks and high refrigerant capacity in Gd1-xHoxNi compounds in the melt-spun form

  • Jiang, Jun-fan;Ying, Hao;Feng, Tang-fu;Sun, Ren-bing;Li, Xie;Wang, Fang
    • Current Applied Physics
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    • v.18 no.12
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    • pp.1605-1608
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    • 2018
  • $Gd_{1-x}Ho_xNi$ melt-spun ribbons were fabricated by a single-roller melt spinning method. All the compounds crystallize in an orthorhombic CrB-type structure. The Curie temperature ($T_C$) was tuned between 46 and 99 K by varying the concentration of Gd and Ho. A spin reorientation (SRO) transition is observed around 13 K. Different from $T_C$, the SRO transition temperature is almost invariable for all compounds. Two peaks of magnetic entropy change (${\Delta}S_M$) were found. One at the higher temperature range was originated from the paramagnet-ferromagnet phase transition and the other at the lower temperature range was caused by the SRO transition. The maximum of ${\Delta}S_M$ around $T_C$ is almost same. The other maximum of ${\Delta}S_M$ around SRO transition, however, had significantly positive relationship with x. It reached a maximum about $8.2J\;kg^{-1}\;K^{-1}$ for x = 0.8. Thus double large ${\Delta}S_M$ peaks were obtained in $Gd_{1-x}Ho_xNi$ melt-spun ribbons with the high Ho concentration. And the refrigerant capacity power reached a maximum of $622J\;kg^{-1}$ for x = 0.6. $Gd_{1-x}Ho_xNi$ ribbons could be good candidate for magnetic refrigerant working in the low temperature especially near the liquid nitrogen temperature range.

Art Mask Designs with Decorative Characteristics of the Rococo Age (로코코 시대의 장식적 특성을 응용한 아트마스크 디자인)

  • Oh, Su Min;Rhee, Young Ju
    • Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.15-33
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    • 2022
  • The purpose of this study was to categorize the decorative characteristics of the Rococo Age, which displays the most glamorous and elegant decorative beauty, in architecture, interior decorations, paintings, and patterns, and to analyze these characteristics and graft them onto art masks in a modern way. Piece I is a mixed media piece that based its motif on the ceilings and pulpits of the German Vis Pilgrimage Church, which is representative architecture of the Rococo Age. It was glamorously produced using gold and cubic zirconia. Piece II is also a mixed media piece that borrowed its motif from the exterior and gazebo of the Sanssouci Palace in Germany, another representative piece of architecture from the Rococo Age, and it was produced to clearly display the image of the Sanssouci Palace, using emerald and ivory. Piece III applies the furniture trends of the Rococo Age. Curves in S and C shapes, which can often be found in Chinese furniture, along with dark backgrounds, common in portrait paintings, were applied to give a sense of weight and dignity. Piece IV is an application of the fabric patterns of the Rococo Age. Continuous patterns of flowers and greenery stems were drawn on the mask to recreate the fabric patterns of the age. Piece V used the painting 'Swing' of the Rococo Age as its inspiration. Lace and ribbon decorations were used to emphasize feminine beauty and express the loveliness of the woman that appears in the painting. Piece VI borrows from the painting 'Madame de Pompadour' of the Rococo Age and the clothing worn by Pompadour. This piece grafted colors and themes through the painting and expressed a fusion of the dresses of Pompadour and lace that is clearly displayed in the architecture, paintings, clothing, interior decorations, and patterns of the Rococo Age, along with the rocaille (asymmetrically shaped decorations that resemble clams), flowers, leaves, stems, and Chinoiserie styles. These motifs clearly display the decorative characteristics of the age and these were grafted them onto art masks, confirming that it is possible to create new designs.

Development of modern women's Hanbok design by analyzing design elements (디자인 요소 분석을 통한 현대여자한복 디자인 개발)

  • Park, Eunju;Rhee, Youngju
    • The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.348-365
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    • 2022
  • The purpose of this study is to develop Korean clothing designs that can satisfy future consumer's needs based on the elements extracted through the content analysis method in a study on the design elements expressed in traditional outfits in the 2010s. To this end, data analyzing Hanbok in wedding magazines were used, and after extracting design elements, research methods for empirical design development were used. After subclassifying the major design elements, factors with a steady increase in frequency and appearance rate were identified. Through this, five elements capable of aesthetic sampling were extracted by complex expression methods and expressed in a total of seven combinations. The types extracted from the design elements are items, silhouette, top shape, skirt shape, skirt length, mixed items with increasing frequency. In the element of color, the adjacent color harmony, which showed the highest frequency of color, and the white-blue harmony, which showed an increase among them, were extracted. When using materials, top and skirt have similar usage rates of the same and different materials, so both contents were extracted, and many patterns were arranged in the top and the whole, but these three were extracted because there were increasing cases where there were no patterns. In the case of decoration, embroidery, pintuck, sakdong, applique, lace, ribbon on the top, silver foil and print on the skirt were extracted. Through this study, it was possible to propose a future Korean costume design model.

What Has Been Learned in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction during the Past 20 Years? (전방십자인대 재건수술은 지난 20년간 어떻게 발전하였나?)

  • Ro, Du Hyun;Han, Hyuk-Soo;Lee, Myung Chul
    • Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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    • v.56 no.1
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2021
  • Considerable progress on anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery has been made over the past 20 years, and the results have improved significantly. An anatomical understanding of the anterior cruciate ligament has also changed, and the surgical technique has also changed accordingly. The double-bundle concept is still valid, but the ribbon-shaped anterior cruciate ligament concept, including direct fiber and indirect fiber, is gradually replacing it. The isometry point theory no longer exists, and various surgical methods, such as single-bundle anatomical reconstruction, double-bundle reconstruction, remnant preservation, and rectangular tunnel technique, are being performed. Regarding the graft, interest in the bone-patellar tendon-bone, patellar tendon, quadriceps tendon, and allogeneic tendon change over time, and this change is ongoing.

A Study on the Fashion Style of K-pop Girl Group on Music Broadcasting -Focusing on BLACKPINK, TWICE, Red Velvet- (음악방송에 나타난 K-pop 걸 그룹의 패션 디자인 및 스타일 연구 -BLACKPINK, TWICE, Red Velvet을 중심으로-)

  • Yang, Mingyue;Kim, Yoon Kyoung;Lee, Kyoung Hee
    • Journal of Fashion Business
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    • v.25 no.5
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    • pp.1-24
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    • 2021
  • This study aimed to explore the fashion design and style features, and differences in BLACKPINK, TWICE, and Red Velvet girl groups. A total of 469 fashion photos (132 BLACKPINK, 217 TWICE, 120 Red Velvet) focusing on 23 title songs (7 BLACKPINK, 9 TWICE, 7 Red Velvet) were collected. Photo classification work was carried out in accordance with the design analysis criteria and the results were derived by combining statistical analysis and content analysis. BLACKPINK's fashion design characteristics showed a lot of complex colors, shade tone, pure tone, contrast color coordination, stylistic pattern, slit, patchwork, checklist method, sexy and avant-garde images. TWICE's fashion design characteristics included warm color, complex color, tint tone, monotone, contrast color coordination, tone-on-tone, geometric & stylistic patterns, cotton, silk, a combination of the same material, frill, beads, ribbon decoration, blouse, skirt, and many romantic and ethnic images. Red Velvet's fashion design characteristics were a cold color, moderate tone, monotone, cotton, velvet, geometric pattern, zipper, sequins, T-shirt, pants, tie, belt, and many retro and active images. The fashion styles of BLACKPINK, TWICE, and Red Velvet were as follows. BLACKPINK was divided into sexy avant-garde, sexy active, sexy romantic styles. TWICE was divided into romantic active, romantic classical, and romantic ethnic styles. Red Velvet was divided into retro active, retro sexy, and retro avant-garde styles.

Structure and Thermal Properties of a Ternary Al-Cr-Si Quenching Ribbon Manufactured by Single Roll Method (단일 롤 방법으로 제작한 3원계 Al-Cr-Si 급냉리본의 구조 및 열 특성)

  • Han, Chang-Suk;Kim, Ki-Woong;Kim, Woo-Suk
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.31 no.5
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    • pp.296-300
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    • 2021
  • Al-Cr-Si ternary quench ribbons are fabricated using a single roll method and investigated for their structural and thermal properties. In particular, the sinterability is examined by pulse current sintering to obtain the following results. The Al74Cr20Si6 composition becomes a quasicrystalline single phase; by reducing the amount of Cr, it becomes a two-phase mixed structure of Al phase and quasicrystalline phase. As a result of sintering of Al74Cr20Si6, Al77Cr13Si10 and Al90Cr6Si4 compositions, the sintering density is increased with the large amount of Al phase; the sintering density is the highest in Al90Cr6Si4 composition. In addition, as a result of investigating the effects of sintering temperature and pressurization on the sintered density of Al90Cr6Si4, a sintered compact of 99% or more at 513 K and 500 MPa is produced. In particular, since the Al-Cr-Si ternary crystal is more thermally stable than the Al-Cr binary quaternary crystal, it is possible to increase the sintering temperature by about 100 K. Therefore, using an alloy of Al90Cr6Si4 composition, a sintered compact having a sintered density of 99 % or more at 613 K and 250 MPa can be manufactured. It is possible to increase the sintering temperature by using the alloy system as a ternary system. As a result, it is possible to produce a sintered body with higher density than that possible using the binary system, and at half the pressure compared with the conventional Al-Cr binary system.

A Study On Interrelationship Between Korean And Mongolian Costume Laying Emphasis On The Age Of Mongolia's Invasion Upon Corea (한국(韓國).몽고복식(蒙古服飾)의 상관성(相關性) 연구(硏究)(II) - 고려시대(高麗時代)의 몽고침략기(蒙古侵略期)를 중심(中心)으로 -)

  • Son, Kyung-Ja
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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    • v.16
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    • pp.15-42
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    • 1991
  • A nation's culture isn't consisted by the characteristics of the nation only, but it is greatly affected by the geographical features and natural conditions, and it could be also dominated by the continual effect through mutual contact on economic exchange or social problem and political interests with neighboring countries. It is a well known fact that the contact of culture between Korea and Mongolia established under the special political situation that Corea was invaded by Won. But more basically, the Nomad including Mongolia had influenced upon neighboring countries, therefore, our country was also greatly influenced on consisting of our own culture by them. Moreover. the fact that our language belongs to their language's category(mostly Tweigru and Mongolian language) proves that the origin of our culture was deeply related with Mongolia. Accordingly, we could not limit the cultural relation between Korea and Mongolia within a special era. But especially, since unification of China by Mongolia, Won which appeared as a new great nation had dominated Corea for one hundred years, and the Corea's costume culture had a point of conversion to the mongolian. Therefore, this study expects to comment upon the relations of costume between Corea and Mongolia from a view point of Corea's tribute and royal gifts gifts by Mongolia written on the reference literatures. 1) From the ancient times, between our country and Mongolia there has been a direct or indirect exchange caused by the people's movement or invasion due to very closed neighboring. The relations between Corea and Mongolia have started from the mongolia's requests of tribute for the reason why they helped Corea against the Keoran's invasion, and these relation had continued by King Kongmin's age. 2) Mongolia had plundered a tribute such as dress, cereals, horses, military supplies, soldiers, maiden and little girls etc. from Corea, and therefore, a great confusion occurred on political, economic and social fields. And since King Chungyoul of Corea got married with a Princess of Won, the Corea's position was placed as the Buma nation(nation of son in law) and then high class people of Corea preferred to follow the mongolian costume such as Byunbal (pigtail), Ho dress (mongolian dress), Rouges, Chockturi (a kind of formal cap) and Doturak pigtail ribbon, and some have been applied up to date. On the other hand, the custom of Corea had transmitted to the Mongolian nobility, they called it "Corea Yang(style)". 3) The costume of Corea could be divided into three different periods, the first is the period influenced by Tang and Song's regime, the second is affected by the Won's costume and the third is applying the Myung's regime in the end of Corea. The Mongolian dress was based on the Ho dress form and it has been developed through compounding artistic traditional fields and foreign customs in long history. And Mongolia is composed of various tribes, therefore, they have their own dress for each tribe. Our country and Mongolia had a similar dress form based on Ho dress and both used the Chacksukunggo (jacket with small sleeves and slacks) and Seon(line). And the ornaments of costume such as Chockturi, Doturak pigtail ribbon and Rouges had transmitted and fixed down as a traditional wedding garment, but the Rouges has been used by noble women from the ancient times in our country. Since a member of the Society of Korean Costume has visited Mongolia in August 1990 for the first time, I really recognized the neccesity of more detailed study on the costume relation between Korea and Mongolia, and I will proceed with the study on various fields of costume under cooperation of Institute of Oriental Academy of Mongolia.

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Influence of Coating Agent and Particle Size on the Soft Magnetic Properties of Fe Based Nano Crystalline Alloy Powder Core (철기(Fe Based) 나노결정질 합금 분말코어의 코팅제 및 입도가 연자기적 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Jang, S.J.;Choi, Y.J.;Kim, S.W.;Jeon, B.S.;Lee, T.H.;Song, C.B.;Namkung, J.
    • Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.67-73
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    • 2015
  • This is a basic research for improving soft magnetic property of Fe based nano crystalline alloy powder core. The main study is done around characteristics of permeability, core loss, and DC bias depending on amount of insulation coating agent and particle size. First, $Fe_{73.5}Si_{13.5}B_9Nb_3Cu_1$ amorphous alloy ribbon was fabricated by using the planar flow casting (PFC) device. Then, heat treatment and ball milling were done to obtain alloy powder. The amount of polyether imide (PEI) added to it was varied by 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 2.5 wt% to have compression molding into $16ton/cm^2$. After going through crystalline heat treatment, the made toroidal nano crystalline powder core ($OD12.7mm^*ID7.62mm^*H4.75mm$) had smaller permeability as amount of insulation coating agent decreases. However, it was found out that core loss and DC bias characteristics have been improved. The reason for this results were expected to be because green density of power core decreases as amorphous alloy powder particles become smaller as amount of alloy powder insulation coating agent increases, it was determined that 1 wt% of insulation coating agent is appropriate. Also, for powder core made based on alloy powder size with amount of insulation coating agent fixed at 1 wt%, effective permeability and core loss were outstanding as particle size became bigger. However, characteristics of DC bias became worse as applied DC field increases. This is expected to be due to insulation effect, residual pores, or molding density of powder core resulting from thickness of coating on surface of alloy powder.