• The Southeast Asian review
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.77-118
• /
• 2017

This study examines the identities shifting experiences of the ethnic Chinese refugee migrants who have returned to Vietnam. Their complex and hybrid identities as diaspora is an analytical and empirical subject for this study. Since the Vietnamese government implemented the renovation (đổi mới) policy in 1986, the number of overseas Vietnamese returning to Vietnam for visit, work, investment and retirement has been increasing. Among the returnees, many are ethnic Chinese, as there were many Chinese Vietnamese in the Vietnamese refugee diaspora from Vietnam during the 1970s and the 1980s. When they left Vietnam they were called 'the Hoa' (Chinese) or 'Hoa kiều' (overseas Chinese). When they returned, however, they were recognised together with all other returnees into the category of Việt kiều (overseas Vietnamese). Although their 'Chinese' identity had once made them to risk their lives, their 'Vietnamese' identity brought them back to Vietnam at other turning points in their lives. The shifting identity of these returning Chinese Vietnamese has produced dynamic and complex migration stories and an intriguing category of hybrid diaspora.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.147-150
• /
• 2000

Melatonin plasma in Swallows exhibited circadian rhythmical secretions in the LD (Light and dark, 12：12) period with and without feeding. But their average difference between at CT6 (Circadian Time) and CT18 was 3.53 ng/$\textrm{m}{\ell}$ in LD period with feeding. on the other side 1.60 ng/$m\ell$ during without feeding. Melatonin concentration at CT6 without feeding incresed from 0.22 ng/$\textrm{m}{\ell}$ to 0.93 ng/$\textrm{m}{\ell}$. It is demonstrated that decresing melatonin secretion may reduce digestive function in order to ready for the migration. While the birds with feeding exhibited circadian rhythmical activity, their activity without feeding was durable. The concentrations of melatonin plasma by refeeding were 1.53 ng/$\textrm{m}{\ell}$ at CT6 and 6.07 ng/$\textrm{m}{\ell}$ at CT18. Melatonin plasma concentration in the night increased by more than ca. quadruple at day. This results suggest that melatonin regulates metabolism for the return to the normal metabolism condition after migration. After 3 days refeeding melatonin was secreted circadian rhythmically same as the secretions with feeding at beginning.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.555-568
• /
• 2016

This study aims to examine the characteristics and meanings of the encounter between Malaysian migration policy and Korean retirement migration in contemporary Malaysia. For this purpose, I describe and analyze the features and implications of migration policy in Malaysia, and understand the cultural characteristics and meanings of migration policy, especially Malaysian migration policy in Malaysia, and examine and explore the characteristics and meanings of retirement migration, especially Korean retirement migration to Malaysia in contemporary Malaysia, in the socio-cultural context. The research outcomes of this study are followings. Firstly, because of the misunderstanding and misuse of MM2H(Malaysia My 2nd Home) program and Malaysian migration policy among Korean retirement migrants in contemporary Malaysia, Korean retirement migration in Malaysia cannot be regarded one of the appropiate and effective migration policy for Koreans. It has been utilized as an instrument of their children's education among Koreans in Malaysia. Secondly, in this regard, it has been increased the number of Koreans to return to Korea without any constructive results in their children's education and their successful retirement lives in Malaysia. It is noted to understand that Korean retirement migration to Malaysia is the movement and migration of the special forms of human migration or human exchange and cooperation in the socio-cultural context. The cultural characteristics and meanings of Korean retirement migration to Malaysia has been one of the important cultural phenomena between Korea and Malaysia in contemporary Malaysia. In this sense, it is expected that this study can be contributed to understand the cultural characteristics and meanings of the encounter and exchange between Malaysian migration policy and Korean retirement migration to Malaysia in contemporary Malaysia, and to enhance the exchange and cooperation between Korea and Malaysia through human exchange and migration, especially Korean retirement migration to Malaysia in contemporary Malaysia.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.29 no.9
• /
• pp.885-905
• /
• 2020

This study described the characteristics of the upstream migration of salmon (Chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta) along Yeon-gok Stream in the eastern coastal region of Korea from October 24 to November 9, 2018 using radio tag and data storage tag loggers for the detection of the locations of tagged salmon and measurement of water temperature. Tracking experiments were conducted and classified into four types (case 1 to case 4) depending on the release time and the number of salmon tracked. Experiments from case 1 to case 3 were classified depending on the number of salmon tracked into cases in which a single tagged salmon was tracked (case 1), a pair of tagged salmon was tracked (case 2), and salmon were tracked by different sex ratios (case 3). Experiments from cases 1 to 3 were conducted between 10 AM and 1 PM, and case 4 was conducted after 3:30 PM. Salmon moved and spawned in the downstream region of the Yeon-gok, where water temperature is higher than in other rivers and salmon return in Canada, Russia, Japan, and the U.S.A. Most of the radio-tagged salmon swam in deep and shaded areas during the day but actively moved upstream close to sunset, regardless of the release time. Females showed relatively more active movements than males during upstream migration.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.17-27
• /
• 2020

Baby boomers are the population group born between 1955 and 1974 in South Korea. They are the generation to grow up in the rural areas and it has been reported in the previous literature that a large part of baby boomers now hopes to return their hometowns after their retirement. The purpose of this study is to investigate factors that obstruct the baby boomers' residential relocation to their hometowns by in-depth interviews with three different types of baby boomers: returners, soon-to-be returner, and wanna-be returner. Findings of this study show that the reasons behind the hesitation to the migration may be grouped into four categories: concerns about insufficient jobs, lack of medical services, concerns about social relation network and poor cultural environment in their hometown.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.65-75
• /
• 1998

Education is widely recognized one of main sources for growth. This paper attempts to incorporate the general recognition into formal regional growth model. The model structure is largely neoclassical. It produces a single good with the two factors, educated labor and non-educated labor, via a constant return production migrating to the region with the higher real wage. The educated labor in a region is accumulated by two sources, migration and physical education capital, while the non-educated labor is by only migration. The paper shows that regional growth equilibrium is characterized as a saddle point. This indicates the presence of the minimum threshold size that must be overcome before a region may grow. It contrasts sharply with results obtained in regional growth models. The paper suggests that regional growth is determined less by the technical characteristics of regional production function characteristics of regional production function but by the stock combination of educated function but by the stock combination of education labor and non-educated labor. Based on this result, the impact of agglomeration economies on regional growth is explored. It is by phase diagram demonstrated that the presence of agglomeration economies do not always lead a region to growth since there still exists the minimum threshold even in the presence of agglomeration economies.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.53 no.6
• /
• pp.117-123
• /
• 2020

We investigate the plausibility of mass return, from stellar mass loss processes within the central ~100 pc region of the Milky Way (the inner nuclear bulge), as a mass supply mechanism for the Circumnuclear Disk (CND). Gas in the Galactic disk migrates inward to the Galactic centre due to the asymmetric potential caused by the Galactic bar. The inward migration of gas stops and accumulates to form the central molecular zone (CMZ), at 100-200 pc from the Galactic center. It is commonly assumed that stars have formed in the CMZ throughout the lifetime of the Galaxy and have diffused inward to form a 'r-2 stellar cusp' within the inner nuclear bulge. We propose that the stars migrating inward from the CMZ supply gas to the inner nuclear bulge via stellar mass loss, resulting in the formation of a gas disk along the Galactic plane and subsequent inward migration down to the central 10 pc region (CND). We simulate the evolution of a gas distribution that initially follows the stellar distribution of the aforementioned stellar cusp, and illustrate the potential gas supply toward the CND.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.166-179
• /
• 1985

The seasonal distribution and migration of flying squid, Ommastrephes bartrami (LeSueur), in the North Pacific were studied by means of mantle length, surface temperature, and catch and effort data of the Korean drift gillnet fishery from 1980 to 1983. The water temperature for the best fishing ranged from $15^{\circ}\;to\;16^{\circ}C$ in May through July and from $13^{\circ}\;to\;18^{\circ}C$ in August through January. High densities of flying squid were found in the thermal fronts with $18^{\circ}C$ isotherm in August and with $15^{\circ}C$ isotherm in September. The densities of flying squid were higher in the western region than in the eastern region in the North Pacific. The high densities of flying squid in the northwestern Pacific were attributed to the high gradients of oceanographic properties in the region. Migration models for flying squid were hypothesized based on the monthly distributions of catch per unit net, mantle length compositions by statistical blocks, and the hydrographic features of the North Pacific. The large flying squid moved to the northern region and to the central Pacific region earlier than the small sized group in the northward migration period (from June to August). Flying squid begin the reverse southward migration from the Subarctic Frontal Zone in autumn with onset of cooling and the development of Oyashio Current. The large sized group starts their southward return migration from more northern waters than the small sized group but the former moves past the later ana reaches the spawing ground first.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.401-407
• /
• 2021

Background: Gintonin is an exogenous ginseng-derived G-protein-coupled lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand. LPA induces in vitro morphological changes and migration through neuronal LPA1 receptor. Recently, we reported that systemic administration of gintonin increases blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability via the paracellular pathway and its binding to brain neurons. However, little is known about the influences of gintonin on in vivo neuron morphology and migration in the brain. Materials and methods: We examined the effects of gintonin on in vitro migration and morphology using primary hippocampal neural precursor cells (hNPC) and in vivo effects of gintonin on adult brain neurons using real time microscopic analysis and immunohistochemical analysis to observe the morphological and locational changes induced by gintonin treatment. Results: We found that treating hNPCs with gintonin induced morphological changes with a cell rounding following cell aggregation and return to individual neurons with time relapses. However, the in vitro effects of gintonin on hNPCs were blocked by the LPA1/3 receptor antagonist, Ki16425, and Rho kinase inhibitor, Y27632. We also examined the in vivo effects of gintonin on the morphological changes and migration of neurons in adult mouse brains using anti-NeuN and -neurofilament H antibodies. We found that acute intravenous administration of gintonin induced morphological and migrational changes in brain neurons. Gintonin induced some migrations of neurons with shortened neurofilament H in the cortex. The in vivo effects of gintonin were also blocked by Ki16425. Conclusion: The present report raises the possibility that gintonin could enter the brain and exert its influences on the migration and morphology of adult mouse brain neurons and possibly explains the therapeutic effects of neurological diseases behind the gintonin administration.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.274-294
• /
• 2017

While studies have viewed the effect of Chinese talent-attracting programs launched by government since reform and open door policy, little of them has assessed these programs empirically and pertinently. This article intends to assess an important program - the Thousand Youth Talents Program (TYTP). Frist, this paper proposed a transnational migration matrix of the academics to clarify the dynamic mechanism of academic brain gain at the high end. Then, the Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression model are used to empirically analyze the policy effect of TYTP. The results show that, academic ability have double edged impacts on brain gain at the high end, some scholars whose last employer's academic ranking is world's Top100 have stronger willing to return, and the negative effect of academic ranking decreases with time passing; while scholars with a tenure-track position, a tenure position or a permanent position tend to stay overseas, and the hazard rate of staying increases with age. The older scholars have more intentions to go back China, while gender was not a significant factor influencing academic return at the high end. That is, the talent-attracting programs has partly succeeded in bringing back the academics at the high end.