• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.293-319
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• 2003

Retro, one of these fusion styles, was found in various pattern in fashion. Recent fashion trend shows coexistence with variety which cannot be represent by one or two themes, and introduces various images in a season. Therefore, this study was found three fusion image of Retro pattern which has appeared since 1990; Romantic, Ethnic, and Hippie-look. shown in VOGUE, BAZZAR and etc. 1, Romantic image overcame the exaggerated style of 18th century and expressed in a volume gown, a tight dress of high-waist, and bustier. In addition, beads or sequin became more brilliant and gorgeous which decorated the whole clothing. 2. Ethnic image was expressed with fusion of particular traits from all of the world such as Japan, China, India, South America, Greece, and Africa. 3. Hippie-look image has been shown in slim & long silhouette style, and fusion styles of romantic factors or ethnic factors were also found. Retro as one of the phenomenon of fusion was found in romantic image, ethnic image and hippie-look Image.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.94-103
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• 2004

This study is to explore the '60s 'Retro' trend appeared in the 2003/2004 Fall ＆ Winter Pret-a-porter Collections which was held in the 4 major cities, Paris, Milan, London, New York on the February and March of the last year. It is often said that the '60s Retro trend is one of the most powerful fashion trends in the 2003/2004 season, and it really affects the modem fashion market nowadays. From this study, we can find that the '60s fashion mode certainly contains the 5 formative characteristics such as Minimal Look, Pop Art Fashion, Op Art Fashion, Space-Age Look, Femme-Enfant Style, and following these 5 characteristics of the '60s fashion mode the retrospective trend can be developed to finally create the '60s Retro Look presented in the 2003/2004 F/W Pret-a-porter Collections.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.25-36
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to analyze the expressive technique of grunge look in knitwear fashion. For this study, I have investigated theories of retro and decontructionism trends, and have examined pictures from professional fashion magazines. The results of study on the expressive technique of grunge look reflected on the knitwear fashion were as follows; (1) patchwork technique, which is an outstanding method of recycling, (2) handknitting technique, which came from retro trend of hippism, (3) unfinished edge, which emphasized the image of poverty and incompleteness, (4) irregular lace knitting and slash technique, which is the typical details of grunge look and denies the traditional fashion order, (5) hand stitch technique using various materials, which gives second-hand mood of hippie look, and (6) fringe details, which originated from the unfinished edge technique.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.122-142
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• 2003

This study examines the meaning of retro phenomenon and its background of establishment that showed in the pop culture. And it finds out the retro phenomena in the domestic fashion trends. And it defines the characteristics of dress and its ornament in the retro phenomena that have shown in the Korean movies since 1998. By doing this, it examines the relationship between movie dress and street fashion while it compares the styles in the 50s 70s with the retro fashion that is currently emerging. The results of the study are as follows. First, the hippie look in the 60s represented a distinctive characteristic of how they rejected traditional lifestyles. Hippie's romantic femininity that showed in the movie of 'Oollala Sisters' received a spotlight as a necessary style in the modern fashion trend. Second, while the funk look in the 70s was a style of disorder and disgust, the movie gives it a possibility of fashion with a converted sense as a vanguard fashion while embracing the funk look. Third, the layered look in the 70s was expressed with layered items, while the current layered look emphasizes layered textiles as shown in the movie of 'Hae-Jeok Became The Disco King'. Fourth, the feminine look which was a symbol of restraint shows a mixed style with delicate feminine items as shown in the movies, 'The Harmonium In My Memory' and 'Ditto'. Fifth, the training look that has two stripes as shown in the movie 'the Friends' is considered as casual wear, which is functional and easy to move at the end of the 20th century. Finally, the romantic images of school look, as shown in the movies 'the Friends' and 'Hae-Jeok Became The Disco King', show a renewed mixed & unique style. This study has its significance in the sense that it verifies the fact that the movie dress does not show the characteristics of the works that momentarily passes the screen, but it becomes a foundation of the future fashion design. At this time that Korean movies are highly developing, a through study on the movie fashion will not only give a direction of future in the modern fashion, but it will also give a developing momentum in the Korean movie dress.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.247-263
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• 1996

This study focuses on a comparative study of 1960s'retro look mode in terms of the past and present in order to find out in detail how it in the past is readjusted after it was appeared in the present. For such a study, in the first place the contents of the dress and its ornament of a retro-look fashion was refined through some literature, and then, some works of the dress and its ornament of a retro-look fashion was refinded through some literature, and then, some works of eh dress and its ornament revived in 1960's mode were analysed, based on some fashion magazines at home and abroad like Bazaar, Fashion etc News in 1990s. After 1960s'retro-look mode which reappeared in 1990s was researched in terms of silhouette, detail, texture, color, and pattern, differences between those tow periods of 1960s and 1990s and their causes are summarized as follows: 1. In the aspect of silhouette, it appears that the silhouette in 1960s is that of somewhat stiff, charming image in which Body is excluded and the silhouette in 1990s is that of an soft, feminie image in which Body is emphasized. It was understood that the cause of such a delicate difference comes from the influences of the change in aesthetic senses or awareness, naturalism and neo-feminism. 2. In the aspect of detail, it appears that the detail in 1990s is of an attempt to express in diverse images, compared to that in 1960s, and new images are created new image in 1990s by means of presenting entirely ill-matched images. The major cause of that is because of Antistandard fashion. 3. In the aspect of textures, it appears that a great feature is that the texture in 1990s is of that introduced, being changed in natural and high-class looks, compared to that of 1960s. It was reviewed that the major cause of this is because of a result from the influence of naturalism and the technical growth in various fields which has brought the development of dress material. 4. In the aspect of color, it appears that the color in 1990s is of an image of primary color which is far more sensual and feminie than that of 1960s. It was studied that the major cause of ti comes from the influence of neo-feminism, etc. 5. In the aspect of pattern, it appears that the pattern in 1990s is of that of symbolism, transposition, and the ecletic feature of various modes which appear more deeply than that of 1960s. It was studied that the major cause of such changes is because of a trend of postmodernism which has brought the change of the spiritual structure different from that in the age of modernism. In conclusion, it was understood that the retro-look fashion is of an expression technic of dress and its ornament in that o dress in the pst is simply imitate, but new reconstitution is done by using the elements in the past. at the same time, ti was clarified that even though the elements in the past are revived as they were, dress and its ornament is governed by the social and cultural environments of he day, and with this proof it can be said that the fashion in each age is of a reflection of social phenomena of that age.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.6 s.105
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• pp.1-15
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to present a new viewpoint in look by closely examining fashion and look through the past, present, and future. Specifically, the concept of time is studied and fashion is considered based upon the concept of time, finally, looks in fashion related to time are analysed. For this study, the literature of retro, modern, contemporary, futuristic looks that express the past, present, and future, and the classic look, the popularity of which transcends the concept of time was considered focusing on 20th century women's fashion. Design characteristics of these looks were analyzed utilizing photographs of collection images. The results of the study are as follows: first, although the retro look of different periods regularly rotate and appear, they change and develop in new and various ways depending on the Periodic background of the time they appear in, and thus show simultaneously the cyclical and straight nature of time. Second, the modern look includes not only the moaning of time concept of the present, but also of interpreting anew the formal significance of modernism in the present. In other words, because it cyclically repeats the times of past modern periods, the look can be said to focus on the cyclical nature of time. Third, the contemporary look is a style that expresses current time most exactly as it exists, and it can be said to be the look in which current time is most vividly expressed. Fourth, the time concept in futuristic look is a subjective time that selectively accommodates and expresses the objective time of the future which has not yet come, and that can be the look's most important point. Last, the classic look possesses an objective value that transcends the concept of time, and it keeps returning, showing the cyclical nature of time. The closer this study came to the present, it could be seen that a look communicated more complex meanings, Influenced by periodic phases such as diversification, individualization, and eclecticism, and that while it could not be defined as any one look, various elements were expressed eclectically by being mixed and matched with each other, and it could utilize more natural forms, colors, and materials.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.527-534
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• 2018

As the speed and extent of the expansion of the retro culture continue to expand, interest in industrial values related to it as well as a cultural phenomenon is also increasing. Under these circumstances it is meaningful that the planning of movies using cultural memory can increase the possibility of continuous development of retro contents. In this article, I will look at the possibilities of retro film using cultural memory and the memory industry. The purpose of this research is to find creative and sustainable content production methods.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2008

A new coinage which calls a modern was appeared variously by values, taste, feature of lifestyle and the meaning of a new coinage has influence in the change of lifestyle. Particularly a popular star is a person who situates in the center of a new coinage, his role, behavior, and appearance have great influence in the birth of a new coinage. He is a fashion leader as well as the object of fashion imitation to the new generation being sensitive for fashion. As his fashion is appeared with important fashion icon in fashion market, fashion companies have developed actively star marketing marking him as an advertising model. Therefore, because the fashion trends of a popular star introduce season's fashion trends and can be important factor forecasting fashion behavior of consumer, this study aims at analysis for fashion trends of a popular star including a public entertainer. The dates of this study were collected by TV drama, internet, and magazines, etc. The fashion trends were divided into feminine fashion trend, sexy fashion trend, tomboy fashion trend, and retro fashion trend. Feminine fashion trend was based on feminity but it was classified in masculine look, simple look, chic look, and natural & romantic look according to the standard of a transformation of feminine image. Sexy fashion trend was divided into two sexy images according to the method wrapping oneself in a dress and the method exposing a specific body part. Tomboy fashion trend could be the immature boyish style which concealed bust or hip or pelvis symbolizing feminity. Retro fashion trend could be style being based on 1980's style and Y line. Fashion items as leggings, baby doll dress, tunic style, dot pattern, garsonne look were come into fashion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.7 s.106
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• pp.105-120
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• 2006

Today's radical change of environment and technology spreaded high-technology art by cutting across a general idea of art, expressed machine aesthetic in fashion style by influencing materials and production processes of fashion. The purpose of this research is to take another look at the value and the importance of ornaments in terms of fashion design, to overcome the negative aspect of Technology Fashion by designing Retro Technology Fashion that harmonizes reason with sensibilities through floral patterns. The results of this study are as followings. 1. If Retro technology Fashion was analyzed by time and space element that are postmodernism techniques, there are Ethnic Technology Fashion that are based on space and historical Technology Fashion that are based on time. In terms of spare element, there is the hybrid of revival of exotic folklore with Technology fashion. In terms of time element, there is the hybrid of costumes of before 20th Century with Technology Fashion. It means unifying detail or silhouette of costumes of ancient time to modern time wit Technology Fashion. For another time element, the hybrid of retro fashion after 20th Century with Technology Fashion. The retro nostalgia is revived by the floral patterns or silhouette of Hippie fashion unified with Technology Fashion. 2. Based on above research, Retro Technology Fashion with floral pattern on CAD were designed. As the results, for Ethno Fashion that is spatial retro, 'Asian Technology fashion' was designed with bright colors, China collar that are oriental, and vinyl material. For historical Technology fashion that are based on time, 'Space Middle Age' was designed with tight silhouette, party colored pants and plastic material.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.113-123
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• 2020

In this paper, big data analysis was conducted for past and present fashion trends and fashion cycle. We focused on daily look for ordinary people instead of the fashion professionals and fashion show. Using the social matrix tool, Textom, we performed frequency analysis, N-gram analysis, network analysis and structural equivalence analysis on the big data containing fashion trends and cycles. The results are as follows. First, this study extracted the major key words related to fashion trends for the daily look from the past(1980s, 1990s) and the present(2019 and 2020). Second, the frequence analysis and N-gram analysis showed that the fashion cycle has shorten to 30-40 years. Third, the structural equivalence analysis found the four representative clusters. The past four clusters are jean, retro codi, athleisure look, celebrity retro and the present clusters are retro, newtro, lady chic, retro futurism. Fourth, through the network analysis and N-gram analysis, it turned out that the past fashion is reproduced and evolves to the current fashion with certain reasoning.