• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.39-47
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• 1973

The influences of the acute hemorrhage on the intestinal functions were studied in the rabbits subjected to acute bleeding, amounting 1.5-2% of the body weight. The motility and the absorptive capacity of the ileum were compared before and after the bleeding. Transfusion of shed blood was also performed in order to see whether the deteriorations were reversible or not. The tension developed in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the ileum was recorded through an appropriate transducer, and the frequency of the rhythmic contraction was counted throughout the procedure. Test solution, 10ml in amount, was placed in the loop of the ileum, and the samples were drawn at zero time and at 20 minutes. Triplicated procedures were repeated on the same loop;namely, before and after bleeding and after transfusion. The test solution was composed of 200 mg% urea, 218 mEq/l of NaCl and 150 mg% of polyethylene glycol (PEG) No. 4,000 in distilled water. The latter substance was used as a marker substance for the volume change of the loop. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The motility of the ileum suffered little effects by acute hemorrhage. However, minor fluctuations were seen in the frequency of the rhythm, showing a slight tendency of decreasing rhythmicity, and it was reversed by transfusion. 2. Diminution of absorptive capacity of urea was noticed in acute hemorrhage and it was interpreted as the consequence of the secondary effect of the retardation of the active transport mechanism governing the sodium transport 3. Absorption rate of the sodium ion was dropped in the hemorrhage, suggesting the indispensable need of the blood supply. 4. Osmolarity of the luminal fluid remained higher in the case of acute hemorrhage. 5. There was a tendency of retaining more fluid in the intestinal lumen in acute hemorrhage, comparing with that observed prior to the bleeding. 6. The deteriorations in the absorptive capacity were restored by transfusion of shed blood.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.797-807
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• 2008

For this study, the semi-adiabatic temperature rising test is accomplished by using ternary system cement (OPC, BFS, FA) reducing temperature crack. Two tests are conducted; one is for the paste test, and the other is for the concrete test. As the results of paste tests, using fly ash is better to reduce hydration temperature than doing blast furnace slag. In the case of the paste mixed ternary system cement, the more fly ash is mixed and the less blast furnace slag is used, the lower the temperature is. The less the mixture ratio of blast furnace slag is and the more the mixture ratio of fly ash is, the later the temperature rising velocity and descending velocity are. Besides, the temperature is lower if water/binder ratio is high. The use of ternary system cement has the retardation effect of temperature rising because the time to reach the maximum temperature is in the order of OPC100, binary system cement, and ternary system cement. From the test, the maximum temperature of concrete used ternary system cement is $8{\sim}11^{\circ}C$ lower than that of concrete used OPC100. Moreover, temperatures rising velocity and descending velocity of ternary system cement range $47{\sim}51%$ and $37{\sim}42%$ compared with OPC100. The specimen of concrete shows remarkable low internal temperature and slow temperature rising velocity and descending velocity compared with the specimen of paste because it is that temperature loss of concrete is much more than paste specimen according to aggregates.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.561-567
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• 2015

This study aims to evaluate the antitumor effect of Adonis multiflora, one of the plants in the Ranunculaceae, on mice to which hepatoma cells were transplanted and to suggest its possibility as a candidate natural substance to replace antitumor drugs. We performed the MTT assay to assess the extract had a decrease in the growth rate of hepatoma cells depending on concentration. In particular, 100 ㎍/㎖ of the extract showed 40% of growth retardation rate. We assessed the autophagy activity to identify the inhibitory autophagy mechanism of tumor cells in the extract. This proved that the activity increases more as the concentration of the extract is higher. We conducted the Western blot test to confirmed the expression of two proteins LC3 and p62. The expression of p62 was in inverse proportion to the concentration of the extract whereas LC3-Ⅱ increased more as the concentration of the extract was higher. This showed that an increase in the autophagy relies on the conentration of the extract. We performed a test to discover the influence of the extracts on hepatoma cells transplanted to mice. The test proved that the extract triggers a significant decrease in the growth rate of tumor cells. Compared to the start of the test, the size of tumor cells with 50, 100 and 200 ㎎/㎏ of the extract respectively increased by 4, 3.7 and 3.5 times whereas in the controlling group by 6.3 times. The size of tumor cells in benign tumor controlling group increased by 3.1 times. This showed a significant decrease in the growth rate of tumor cells compared to the controlling group. We carried out the experiment of influence of the extract on the expression of two proteins LC3 and p62 in the tumor tissue transplanted into mice. The experiment showed that LC3-II increases more as the concentration of the extract is higher. However, there was a rapid decrease in p62 with 200 ㎎/㎏ of the extract compared to the controlling group. In this study, we proved that the autophagy activity of Adonis multiflora extract inhibits the growth of hepatoma cells by in vitro and in vivo experiments. In conclusion, the inhibitory autophagy mechanism of tumor cells in the extract can be used as a new treatment of antitumor.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.13-21
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• 2008

Partitioning tracer method is a useful tool to characterize large domains of the aquifers contaminated with light nonaqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs). Sorption of the partitioning tracers to the organic matter content of soil can potentially influence the efficacy of partitioning tracer method. LNAPL-water partitioning coefficients of tracers ($K_{nw}$), measured by static method, showed linear relationship. Sorption isotherm tests were conducted to evaluate the sorption capacity of the soils packed in the columns and the results were appropriately represented by Freundlich sorption isotherm. The sorption of tracers proportionally increased with the increase of the organic matter content of the soil. Laboratory experiments were conducted in four columns each packed with soils of different organic matter contents to determine the potential interference effects of sorption to soil organic matter content and correction factors for the errors in estimation of LNAPLs by partitioning tracer method. Though there were no contaminants added, breakthrough curves from columns packed with mixture of Jumunjin standard sand and organic matter showed separation of tracers. Columns were then contaminated to residual saturation with kerosene and breakthrough curves were obtained. The results show that sorption of tracers to soil organic matter leads to an increase in the retardation factor (R) and hence, to an overestimation of the saturation of LNAPLs. A relation between the percentage of organic matter content and the corresponding percentage error in the estimation of NAPLs has been developed.

• 한국사회복지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.497-531
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• 2002

It is very important for rehabilitation to deal with psychological aspects of persons with disabilities, as well as efforts improving the institutional and environmental conditions. A majority of persons with severe disabilities in the situation of Korea have difficulty in having and maintaining a job. Work should and would be a source of self-respect and material well-being in this modern society. Therefore, Vocational rehabilitation services are measures in restoration of family functions and social participation of persons with disabilities. This study aims at investigating linguistic characteristics and the validity of constructional concepts of picture interest test Inventories that have been utilized for the segregated groups of people such as persons with developmental disabilities. Picture interest test inventories seemed to be valid for measuring psychological traits and characteristics of people with mental retardation, and this finding can be extended to the group of other developmental disabilities, such as learning disabilities and mild/moderate behavioral deficits. The Holland classification system seemed to be best fitted for developing a comprehensive and accurate vocational interest inventory.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.226-233
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• 2012

Ethanol exposure during gestational period is related to growth retardation, morphological abnormality, and even in neurological abnormalities including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-like behaviors on offspring. However, relatively little is known about the effects of maternal ethanol consumption prior to conception on their offspring. In this study, we investigated whether maternal ethanol administration during preconceptional phase produces ADHD-like behaviors in the rat offspring. Sprague-Dawley (SD) female rats were administrated ethanol via intragastric intubation with dosing regimen of 6 g/kg daily for 10 consecutive days and treated female rats then mated with non-treated male SD rats after 8 weeks. Another group subjected to the same procedure as those conducted on ethanol treated group except the saline administration instead of ethanol. Offspring was tested for their ADHD-like behaviors using open field test, Y maze test and impulsivity test that is performed in the aversive electronic foot shock paradigm. Offspring of preconceptional ethanol treated (EtOH) group showed hyperlocomotive activity, attention deficit and impulsivity. And reduction of striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) level was observed by Western blot in the EtOH group, compared to control (Con) group, while the immunohistochemical analysis exhibited increased expression of norepinephrine transporter (NET) in the frontal cortex. These results suggest that maternal ethanol consumption in the preconceptional phase induces ADHD-like behaviors in offspring that might be related to the abnormal expression of DAT and NET in rat.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.129-138
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• 2004

Objective : Treatments for patients with mental retardation and pervasive developmental disorders are not curative, and are designed to help those with disabilities adjust to their environments and daily demands. As clinicians, the present authors tried to find agents with potentially curative properties. Among the numerous herbal formulations available, we chose and assessed Gami-jiwhang-tang (GJT) in the hope that it would improve cognitive development of children. Methods : Subjects were typically-developing healthy, 7- to 8-year-old boys and girls living in Seoul, Korea. The experimental group took GJT for six weeks and was followed up six weeks after discontinuation of GJT. The control group was assessed at the same intervals but did not receive placebos. To measure the effects of GJT, neuropsychological tests and intelligence test were taken before commencing GJT and twelve weeks later. Resulets and Conclusion : For all of the ANOVAs, the treatment by time interaction terms was not significant. However, the experimental group showed the tendency to be progressed in most subscales compared with the control group, especially on performance intelligence, visual organization, and verbal fluency. Conclusion : Although GJT failed to reveal significant improvement in cognition, we remain hopeful about the compound and believe that it should be evaluated by a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in the future.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.106-113
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial effect of mugwort (Artemisia asiatica Nakai) on the rice cake and bread preservation, and to identify their antimicrobial compounds. The mugwort extracts showed complete inhibition on the growth of Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus at 250 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml level. Antimicrobial activi쇼 of mugwort extract were stronger than that of commercial antimicrobial agent. Five % of sodium propionate solution showed complete inhibition on the growth of B. subtilis, E. coli and S. aureus, but L. plantarum was inhibited 50.87% at the same concentration. When various amounts of freeze-dried mugwort powder were added in sulgis (steamed rice cake), 3% ssooksulgi (mugwort powder added sulgi) had quite lower level of total bacterial count (5.5$\times$$10^/5 CFU/g) compared with the control group (1.4$\times$$10^/7 CFU/g) at ambient temp. (30$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$) after 72 hr. Three % addition of mugwort showed 2 days extention of shelf-life of rice cake. The sensory qualities of ssooksulgi has no significant difference in moistness, consistency, cohesiveness, afterswallowing and overall quality compared with control group. Ssooksulgi with 3% of mugwort powder had the best overall quality in sensory test. The methanol extract of 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of mugwort could lead the successful retardation of the growth of putrefactive microorganism during the incubation of rice cake at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr. On the other hand, coumarin (Sigma) had 54% inhibitory effect at 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml level, and (E,E)-2,4-decadienal completely inhibited the growth of putrefactive microorganism of whitesulgi at 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml level during the incubation at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 48 hr.48 hr.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.114-120
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• 2018

Purpose: Routine screening for toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus (TORCH) in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and small for gestational age (SGA) neonates has become a common practice. However, the incidence of TORCH varies across countries, and the cost of TORCH testing may be disadvantageous compared to disease-specific screening. To evaluate the efficacy of TORCH screening, the medical charts of IUGR or SGA neonates born in a single institution in Bucheon, Korea from 2011 to 2015 were reviewed. Methods: The clinical data of the 126 IUGR or SGA neonates were gathered, including gestational age, Apgar scores, neonatal sonographic findings, chromosome study, morbidities, developmental follow-up, and growth catch-up. Maternal factors including underlying maternal disease and fetal sonography were collected, and placental findings were recorded when available. TORCH screening was done using serum IgM, CMV urine culture, quantification of CMV DNA with real-time polymerase chain reaction, and rapid plasma reagin qualitative test for syphilis. Tests were repeated only for those with positive results. Results: Of the 119 TORCH screenings, only one was positive for toxoplasmosis IgM. This result was deemed false positive due to negative IgM on repeated testing and the absence of clinical symptoms. Conclusion: Considering the incidence and risk of TORCH in Korea, the financial burden of TORCH screening, and the single positive TORCH finding in our study, we suggest disease-specific screening based on maternal history and the clinical symptoms of the neonate. Regarding CMV, which may present asymptomatically, universal screening may be appropriate upon cost-benefit analysis.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1299-1306
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• 2011

In this study, crack-growth model parameters subjected to variable amplitude loading are estimated in the form of a probability distribution using the method of Bayesian parameter estimation. Huang's model is employed to describe the retardation and acceleration of the crack growth during the loadings. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is used to obtain samples of the parameters following the probability distribution. As the conventional MCMC method often fails to converge to the equilibrium distribution because of the increased complexity of the model under variable amplitude loading, an improved MCMC method is introduced to overcome this shortcoming, in which a marginal (PDF) is employed as a proposal density function. The model parameters are estimated on the basis of the data from several test specimens subjected to constant amplitude loading. The prediction is then made under variable amplitude loading for the same specimen, and validated by the ground-truth data using the estimated parameters.